Adherence to governance patterns: How do institutional work and knowledge dissemination influence the institutionalization of Brazilian industrial clusters?

Jacometti, Márcio; Gonçalves, Sandro Aparecido; Bonfim, Leandro; Oliveira, Luiz César de

doi:10.7819/rbgn.v26i02.4261

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Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios

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Article • Rev. Bras. Gest. Neg. 26 (2) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v26i02.4261 copy

Adherence to governance patterns: How do institutional work and knowledge dissemination influence the institutionalization of Brazilian industrial clusters?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Purpose

This article examines how the institutional work of inducing agents and the dissemination of knowledge among induced immersed actors have influenced adherence to governance standards in Brazilian industrial clusters.

Theoretical framework

We use institutional theory to frame the relationships between embedded firms through regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive pillars and the view of field-level agents engaged in institutional work, who share knowledge to induce adherence to governance standards.

Design/methodology/approach

We adopted a mixed methods research design, examining 96 companies in three Brazilian industrial clusters. We used WABA analysis to test our model within and between clusters using one-way ANOVA tests, and we tested our hypotheses using correlations identified in t-tests between independent samples and multiple linear regression to build the model.

Findings

The findings reveal that institutional work affects the dissemination of knowledge at multiple levels, influencing companies' adherence to cluster governance standards. We show that less adherence to new governance standards can be explained by the lack of internalization of disseminated knowledge. The institutional structures that historically existed before the implementation of formal governance prevail over the new ones, since the knowledge disseminated in these clusters tends to maintain current economic and institutional conditions, with little support for the creation of new institutions.

Practical & social implications of research

Cognitive aspects of the internalization of explicit, effective, and institutional knowledge suggest that its dissemination influences firms’ adherence to the industrial cluster’s governance patterns.

Originality/value

Little attention has been paid to how knowledge dissemination and institutional work can lead to the creation of and adherence to industrial cluster governance standards; and the dissemination of knowledge is more effective when social relations are included in the analysis model.

Keywords:
Institutional work; Knowledge dissemination; Industrial clusters; Governance patterns; Microfoundations of institutionalization

Phase	Steps	Procedures
Qualitative	1) Selection of cases to be investigated;	- Data collection through document analysis and semi-structured interviews3 with actors at the field level;
	2) Identification of the institutional and relational contexts of the clusters;
		- Transcription of the 16 interviews;
	3) Empirical survey of construct dimensions;	- Thematic content analysis of data from primary and secondary sources using the Atlas.ti software (Atlas.ti, 2012Atlas.ti. (2012). Qualitative data analysis. Release 6.2.27. Atlas.ti GmbH. http://www.atlasti.com http://www.atlasti.com... );
	4) Construct reconciliation based on literature and data content analysis;
	5) Development of the quantitative data collection instrument.	- Categorization and triangulation of the data obtained.
Quantitative	1) Validation of the quantitative questionnaire4 through pre-testing;	- Application of 102 questionnaires in the three selected clusters with validation of 96;
	2) Construction of research hypotheses based on theory and qualitative data;	- Analysis of quantitative data through statistical tests using SPSS5 software (SPSS, 2011SPSS. (2011). Statistical package for the Social Sciences ® for Windows: Base system user’s guide & professional statistics. Release 20.0. IBM.);
	3) Collection of secondary quantitative data for contextual analysis;
		- Correlation analysis between variables and hypothesis testing;
	4) Confirmation of the results of the quantitative analysis through triangulation with qualitative data and literature.
		- Statistical analysis within and between each cluster (WABA).

Construct	Dimension	N. of Items	Cronbach’s Alpha
Institutional Environment^* * Note: The Cronbach’s alpha increases to 0.851 when the three dimensions that make up the institutional environment construct are grouped together. (Scott, 2008Scott, W. R. (2008). Institutions and organizations (3rd ed.). Sage.)	Regulatory Institutions	3	0.577
	Normative Institutions	3	0.612
	Cognitive Institutions	3	0.701
Technical Environment (Beckert, 2010Beckert, J. (2010). Institutional isomorphism revisited: Convergence and divergence in institutional change. Sociological Theory, 28(2), 150-166. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01369.x. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.... ; Machado da Silva & Fonseca, 1996)	Economic Benefits	6	0.838
	Sector Competitiveness	8	0.958
	Public Policies	4	0.744
	Market Situation	13	0.845
Relational Context (Granovetter, 2017Granovetter, M. (2017). Society and economy: Framework and principles. Belknap.; Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, J. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence view. Harper & Row.; Weber, 1978Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society (Vol. 1). University of California.)	Attitudes of Inducing Actors	4	0.814
	Social Relations	7	0.909
	Power Relations	7	0.791
Microfoundations of Institutionalization (Davenport & Prusak, 2000Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (2000). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know (2nd ed.). Harvard Business Press.; Kostova, 1999Kostova, T. (1999). Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices: A contextual perspective. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 308-324. http://doi.org/10.2307/259084. http://doi.org/10.2307/259084... ; Lawrence & Suddaby, 2006Lawrence, T. B., & Suddaby, R. (2006). Institutions and institutional work. In S. R. Clegg, C. Hardy, T. B. Lawrence & W. R. Nord. Handbook of organization studies (pp. 215-254). Sage. http://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608030.n7. http://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608030.n7... ; Zander & Kogut, 1995Zander, U., & Kogut, B. (1995). Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: An empirical test. Organization Science, 6(1), 76-92. http://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.1.76. http://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.1.76... )	Adherence to Governance Patterns	4	0.913
	Institutional Maintenance Work	13	0.893
	Institutional Creation Work	13	0.941
	Explicit Knowledge	4	0.843
	Effective Knowledge	6	0.913
	Dissemination	6	0.945

Variable	µ	σ	Institutional Environment			Technical Environment				Relational Context			Microfoundations of Institutionalization
Variable	µ	σ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1. CI**	3.94	0.29	--
2. NI**	4.09	0.26	.61^*	--
3. RI**	4.14	0.25	.65^*	.74^*	--
4. EB	4.45	1.20	.03	.07	.21^*	--
5. SC	4.30	1.32	.10	.11	.27^*	.88^*	--
6. PP**	3.93	0.33	.34^*	.27^*	.31^*	.05	.01	--
7. MS**	3.67	0.46	.40^*	.43^*	.42^*	.02	.08	.41^*	--
8. AIA	4.81	1.01	-.00	.09	.23^*	.79^*	.75^*	.02	.01	--
9. SR	4.62	1.36	.02	.09	.23^*	.92	.92^*	.01	-.04	.84^*	--
10. PR	4.59	1.01	.07	.17	.30^*	.69^*	.67^*	-.10	.03	.68^*	.75^*	--
11. AGP	4.64	2.26	.05	.12	.22^*	.84^*	.81^*	-.06	-.02	.77^*	.86^*	.71^*	--
12. CIW	4.41	1.67	.01	.11	.21^*	.82^*	.90^*	-.07	-.02	.76^*	.89^*	.69^*	.87^*	--
13. MIW	4.27	1.58	-.04	.08	.20^*	.73^*	.82^*	-.12	.02	.69^*	.81^*	.74^*	.82^*	.89^*	--
14. EXK	4.47	1.93	-.01	.04	.22^*	.84^*	.84^*	-.06	-.07	.80^*	.87^*	.77^*	.86^*	.87^*	.84^*	--
15. EFK	4.67	1.97	.03	.09	.24^*	.93^*	.91*	-.04	.00	.79^*	.95^*	.77^*	.89^*	.90^*	.84^*	.89^*	--
16. D	4.60	2.19	.01	.11	.26^*	.80^*	.76^*	-.10	-.11	.75^*	.85^*	.82^*	.89^*	.84^*	.84^*	.89^*	.87^*

Hypothesis	Arapongas	Imbituva	Londrina
H₁	Rejected	Rejected	Accepted
H₁	0.108	0.060	0.416
H₂	Accepted	Accepted	Accepted
H₂	0.740	0.604	0.730
H₃	Accepted	Accepted	Accepted
H₃	0.899	0.808	0.807
H₄	Rejected	Rejected	Rejected
H₄	-0.176	-0.028	0.265
H₅	Accepted	Accepted	Accepted
H₅	0.684	0.649	0.594
H₆	Accepted	Accepted	Accepted
H₆	0.864	0.851	0.648
H₇	Accept	Accept	Accept
H₇	0.765	0.585	0.389
H_8a	Accepted	Rejected	Rejected
H_8a	-	-	-
H_8b	Rejected	Rejected	Accepted
H_8b	-	-	-
H₉	Rejected	Rejected	Accepted
H₉	0.043	0.143	0.529
H₁₀	Accepted	Accepted	Accepted
H₁₀	0.942	0.794	0.675
H₁₁	Accepted	Accepted	Accepted
H₁₁	0.825	0.618	0.609
H₁₂	Accepted	Accepted	Accepted
H₁₂	0.917	0.742	0.659

Analytical Categories	Variable	Clusters
Analytical Categories	Variable	Arapongas	Imbituva	Londrina
Institutional Environment	CI, NI, RI*	4.08±0.51^a	4.07±0.47^a	4.03±0.58^a
Technical Environment	EB	3.42±1.21^B	4.89±0.61^A	5.08±0.90^A
	SC	3.19±1.36^B	5.02±0.74^A	4.79±1.04^A
	PP*	4.00±0.75^a	3.92±0.66^a	3.88±0.72^a
	MS*	3.72±0.48^ab	3.89±0.56^a	3.42±0.57^b
Relational Context	AIA	4.03±1.01^c	4.94±0.82^b	5.53±0.77^a
	SR	3.44±1.18^B	5.07±0.64^A	5.43±0.81^A
	PR	3.78±0.95^b	4.96±0.81^a	5.18±0.81^a

Clusters	Regression Equations	Adjusted R²
Furniture from Arapongas	$D K = - 0.608 + 0.751 I M W + 0.425 I C W$	0.882
Knitwear from Imbituva	$D K = 1.726 + 0.663 I M W$	0.597
IT from Londrina	$D K = 1.446 + 0.749 I C W$	0.509
General for 3 Clusters	$D K = 0.308 I M W + 0.771 I C W$	0.837

Clusters	Regression Equations	Adjusted R²
Furniture from Arapongas	$D K = - 0.634 + 0.582 I M W + 0.460 S R$	0.935
Knitwear from Imbituva	$D K = 0.506 I M W + 0.682 S R$	0.768
IT from Londrina	$D K = 0.320 I C W + 0.512 S R$	0.689
General for 3 Clusters	$D K = 0.269 I M W + 0.196 I C W + 0.604 S R$	0.914

Analytical Category	Variable	Clusters
Analytical Category	Variable	Arapongas	Imbituva	Londrina
Microfoundations of Institutionalization	Adherence to Governance Patterns	3.15±1.38^B	5.27±0.80^A	5.51±0.77^A
	Institutional Maintenance Work	3.41±0.94^B	4.89±0.73^A	4.51±0.59^A
	Institutional Creation Work	3.36±1.09^B	4.94±0.67^A	4.93±0.66^A
	Implementation via IW	3.38±0.99^B	4.92±0.67^A	4.72±0.56^A
	Explicit Knowledge	3.36±1.24^B	4.87±0.95^A	5.19±0.78^A
	Effective Knowledge	3.38±1.23^B	5.27±0.59^A	5.35±0.74^A
	Internalization of Knowledge	3.37±1.21^B	5.06±0.72^A	5.27±0.69^A
	Dissemination	3.33±1.45^B	5.01±0.95^A	5.46±0.79^A

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[1] Responsible editor:

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Armando