Association Between PON1 (L55M and Q192R) Genetic Polymorphism and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in North Indian Women Exposed to Pesticides

Jaiswar, Shyam Pyari; Priyadarshini, Apala; Singh, Apurva; Ahmad, Mohd Kalim; Deo, Sujata; Sankhwar, Pushpa

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736342

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet. 43 (11) • Nov 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736342 copy

Association Between PON1 (L55M and Q192R) Genetic Polymorphism and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in North Indian Women Exposed to Pesticides

Associação entre o polimorfismo genético PON1 (L55M e Q192R) e a perda recorrente de gravidez emmulheres do norte da Índia expostas a pesticidas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between the PON1 polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 100 females. DNA was extracted and PON1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.

Results

Regarding PON1 L55M, the mutated allele (M) frequency was found in 70.5% in RPL and in 53.5% in controls; theMallele was significantly associated with an increased risk of RPL (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]=2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]; p<0.001). However, regarding PON1 Q192R, the R mutated allele frequency was found in 28.5% in RPL and in 33% in controls. The R allele did not show any risk for RPL (ORadj 0.81; 95%CI; p=0.329).

Conclusion

The present study suggests that there is an effect of genetic polymorphism on RPL and provides additional evidence that combines with the growing information about the ways in which certain PON1 genotypes can affect the development of the fetus in the uterus.

Keywords:
recurrent pregnancy loss; paraoxonase 1; organophosphate; pesticides; oxidative stress

Parameters	Cases (n = 100)	Controls (n = 100)	p-value
Maternal age (Mean ± SD) (years old)	25.6 ± 1.29	25.9 ± 1.62	0.48^a a Unpaired t-test.
Maternal weight (Mean ± SD) (kg)	49.39 ± 3.44	51.5 ± 2.74	0.52^a a Unpaired t-test.
BMI (Mean ± SD) (kg/m2)	19.64 ± 2.51	19.81 ± 2.76	0.76^a a Unpaired t-test.
Food habits			0.42^b b Chi-square test.
Vegetarian	56	62
Nonvegetarian	44	38
Socioeconomic status			0.23^b b Chi-square test.
High	2	5
Middle	62	66
Low	36	29
Source of drinking water			0.76^b b Chi-square test.
Government Supply	64	58
Private source	36	42
Place of Residence			0.51^b b Chi-square test.
Rural	52	59
Urban	48	41

PON1 L55M polymorphism	Cases, n (%)	Control subjects, n (%)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	p-value ^* * Calculated by chi-squared test; Adjusted OR odds ratio was adjusted to the age.
Genotypes
LL	19 (19)	35 (35)	1.0 (ref)	−
LM/MM	81 (81)	65 (65)	2.29 (1.20–4.38)	0.011
LM	21 (21)	23 (23)	0.88 (0.45–1.73)	0.729
MM	60 (60)	42 (42)	2.07 (1.17–3.64)	0.011
Alleles
L	59 (29.5)	93 (46.5)	1.0 (ref)	−
M	141 (70.5)	107 (53.5)	2.07 (1.37–3.13)	<0.001

PON1 Q192R polymorphism	Cases, n (%)	Control subjects, n (%)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	p-value ^* * Calculated by chi-squared test; Adjusted OR odds ratio was adjusted to the age,
Genotypes
QQ	51 (51)	46 (46)	1.0 (ref)	−
QR/RR	49 (49)	54 (54)	0.82 (0.47–1.43)	0.480
QR	41 (41)	42 (42)	0.96 (0.55–1.68)	0.887
RR	8 (8)	12 (12)	0.64 (0.25–1.63)	0.480
Alleles		66
Q	143 (71.5)	134 (67)	1.0(ref)	−
R	57 (28.5)	67 33)	0.81 (0.53–1.24)	0.329

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[1] Address for correspondence Shyam Pyari Jaiswar, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, UP, India (e-mail: spjaiswar59@gmail.com; spjaiswar@yahoo.com).