Menon et al. (2016)1010 Menon S, Stansfield SH, Logan B, Hocking JS, Timms P, Rombauts L, et al. Development and evaluation of a multi-antigen peptide ELISA for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis-related infertility in women. J Med Microbiol. 2016;65(09):915–922. Doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000311 https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000311...
|
Cross-sectional study |
Journal of Medical Microbiology |
ELISA |
239 |
Positive |
Up to half of women who are subfertile in this population could have CT as a cause or contributing factor. |
Rawre et al. (2016)1111 Rawre J, Dhawan B, Malhotra N, Sreenivas V, Broor S, Chaudhry R. Prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis genovars in Indian infertile patients: a pilot study. APMIS. 2016;124(12): 1109–1115. Doi: 10.1111/apm.12622 https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12622...
|
Retrospective cohort study |
APMIS |
PCR |
628 |
Positive |
Significant association between rates of chlamydial infection and type of infertility, specially tubal factor infertility (74.7%; 56/75) |
Davies et al. (2016)1212 Davies B, Turner KME, Frølund M, Ward H, May MT, Rasmussen S, et al; Danish Chlamydia Study Group. Risk of reproductive complications following chlamydia testing: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Denmark. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16 (09):1057–1064. Doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30092-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30...
|
Retrospective cohort study |
The Lancet Infectious Diseases |
Not specified |
516,720 |
Positive |
A positive CT test increased the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal factor infertility by at least 30%. |
Dehghan Marvast et al. (2017)1313 Dehghan Marvast L, Aflatoonian A, Talebi AR, Eley A, Pacey AA. Relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infection and pregnancy rate and outcome in Iranian infertile couples. Andrologia. 2017;49(09):e12747. Doi: 10.1111/ and.12747 https://doi.org/10.1111/ and.12747...
|
Case-control study |
Andrologia |
CT serology and PCR |
324 |
Negative |
In contrast to other studies, this study did not support the relationship between CT infection and TFI. |
Ramadhani et al. (2017)1414 Ramadhani MY, Mirambo MM, Mbena H, Kihunrwa A, Mshana SE. High prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile women in Mwanza city, Tanzania: a need to introduce screening and treatment programme. Sex Transm Infect. 2017; 93(02):111. Doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052795 https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2016-05...
|
Letter |
Sexually Transmitted Infections |
PCR |
290 |
Positive |
CT was more highly associated with primary infertility |
Zhu et al. (2017)1515 Zhu Y, Yin B, Wu T, Ye L, Chen C, Zeng Y, et al. Comparative study in infertile couples with and without Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection. Reprod Health. 2017;14(01):5. Doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0271-4 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0271-...
|
Case-control study |
Reproductive Health |
PCR |
30,760 |
Positive |
The prevalence of CT in subfertile couples in this study was 3.15% and increased yearly from 2.45% in 2010 to 3.69% in 2014. |
Begum et al. (2017)1616 Begum N, Anwary SA, Alfazzaman M, Mahzabin Z, Deeba F, Mostafa MA, Akhter M, et al. Correlation between seropositivity of Chlamydia trachomatis and tubal and/or pelvic pathology detected by diagnostic laparoscopy in subfertile women. Mymensingh Med J. 2017;26(04):840–845
|
Cohort study |
Mymensingh Medical Journal |
ELISA |
69 |
Positive |
This study shows that by laparoscopy, significant number of cases of tubal and pelvic pathology was diagnosed in the chlamydia trachomatis seropositive subfertile female |
Joolayi et al. (2017)1717 Joolayi F, Navidifar T, Mohammad Jaafari R, Amin M. Comparison of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile and fertile women in Ahvaz, Iran: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd). 2017;15(11):713–718
|
Case-control study |
International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine |
MOMP and ELISA |
225 |
Negative |
6 (6%) infertile and 2 (1.6%) fertile women were positive for IgM (p = 0.21). Also, PCR was positive for CT infection in 5 infertile (5%) and 2 fertile women (1.6%) (p = 0.35). We did not find any seropositive immunoglobulin G in both groups. |
Rantsi et al. (2018)1818 Rantsi T, Joki-Korpela P, Öhman H, Bloigu A, Kalliala I, Puolakkainen M, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis-induced cell-mediated and humoral immune response in women with unexplained infertility. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2018;80(01):e12865. Doi: 10.1111/ aji.12865 https://doi.org/10.1111/ aji.12865...
|
Cohort study |
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology |
MOMP |
96 |
Negative |
The overall pregnancy rate or live birth rate did not differ by the presence of antibodies or CMI against CT. Time to spontaneous pregnancy was longer among CT positive women |
Kayiira et al. (2019)1919 Kayiira A, Zaake D, Lwetabe MW, Sekweyama P. Impact of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection on reproductive outcomes among infertile women undergoing tubal flushing: a retrospective cohort at a fertility centre in Uganda. Fertil Res Pract. 2019; 5:16. Doi: 10.1186/s40738-019-0069-5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-019-0069-...
|
Retrospective cohort study |
Fertility Research and Practice |
Are not specified |
253 |
Positive |
Exposure to current CT infection reduced chance of clinical pregnancy and a live birth after tubal flushing. Women with current CT infection had an increased risk of adverse events |
Beyuo et al. (2019)2020 Beyuo T, Oppong SA, Samba A, Beyuo VM. Chlamydia trachomatis infection among Ghanaian women undergoing hysterosalpingography for suspected tubal factor infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(02):200–205. Doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12875 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12875...
|
Cross-sectional study |
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics |
CT Serology |
189 |
Positive |
CT infection was present in 7.9% of women with suspected TFI, which was confirmed in 35% of them. |
Al-Farraj and Moubayed (2019)2121 Al-Farraj DA, Moubayed NM. The association between sociodemographic, hormonal, tubo-ovarian factors and bacterial count in Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections with infertility. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019;26(01):20–23. Doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016. 11.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016. 11....
|
Case-control study |
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |
Automated DNA extraction method |
200 |
Positive |
The percentage positivity to infection was significantly more among the infertile group compared to the control group. |
Hoenderboom et al. (2019)2222 Hoenderboom BM, van Benthem BHB, van Bergen JEAM, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Götz HM, Hoebe CJPA, et al. Relation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility in a Dutch cohort of women previously tested for chlamydia in a chlamydia screening trial. Sex Transm Infect. 2019;95(04):300–306. Doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053778 https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-05...
|
Cohort study |
Sexually Transmit ted Infections |
PCR, CT serology and/or self-reported infection |
13,498 |
Positive |
This study adds to the evidence that chlamydia increases the risk for PID and TFI in women even if the infection was treated,29 but also showed that incidence rates were small. |
den Heijer et al. (2019)2323 den Heijer CDJ, Hoebe CJPA, Driessen JHM, Wolffs P, van den Broek IVF, Hoenderboom BM, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and female infertility: a retrospective cohort study among primary care patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(09):1517–1525. Doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz429 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz429...
|
Retrospective cohort study |
Clinical Infectious Diseases |
CT serology and NAATs |
857,324 |
Positive |
Women who tested CT-positive had a substantially higher risk of experiencing female infertility (approximately 70%) than CT-negative women |
Sukatendel et al. (2019)2424 Sukatendel K, Mayniar TE, Aboet A, Adela CA, Lumbanraja S, Ichsan TM, Edianto D. Relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis infection with patency tubal and non-patency tubal occurrence in infertile women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7 (20):3437–3442. Doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.440 https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.440...
|
Cross-sectional study |
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Science |
PCR |
50 |
Positive |
The proportion of CT infection in tubal abnormality in this study was 66.7%, It was obtained that there was a significant relationship between CT infection with tubal abnormality (non-patency tubal) with p-value < 0.005 (p = 0.001) |
Hoenderboom et al. (2020)2525 Hoenderboom BM, van Bergen JEAM, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Götz HM, Hoebe CJPA, de Vries HJC, et al. Pregnancies and time to pregnancy in women with and without a previous Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Sex Transm Dis. 2020;47(11):739–747. Doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001247 https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.000000000000...
|
Longitudinal cohort study |
Sexually Transmit ted Diseases |
NAATs |
5,704 |
Negative |
Overall pregnancy rates were not lower in chlamydia-positive women compared with chlamydia-negative women, but among women with a pregnancy intention, time to pregnancy was longer and pregnancy rates were lower in chlamydia-positive women. |
van Dooremalen et al. (2020)2626 van Dooremalen WTM, Verweij SP, den Hartog JE, Kebbi-Beghdadi C, Ouburg S, Greub G, et al. Screening of Chlamydia trachomatis and Waddlia chondrophila antibodies in women with tubal factor infertility. Microorganisms. 2020;8(06):918. Doi: 10.3390/micro-organisms8060918 https://doi.org/10.3390/micro-organisms8...
|
Case-control study |
Microorganisms |
CT serology |
891 |
Positive |
CT antibodies were present significantly more often in the TFI+ compared to the TFI – group, respectively, 41.9% versus 9.6% |