El-Refaie et al1616 El-Refaie TA, El-Said MM, Shoukry AA, Khafagy SM, El-Din AS, Badawy MM. Meperidine for uterine dystocia and its effect on duration of labor and neonatal acid-base status: a randomized clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012;38(02):383-3892012 |
RCT/Egypt |
120 |
50 mg/IV |
Pethidine x placebo. There were no differences in Apgar scores (7.4 × 7.7), respiratory depression, pH, and arterial blood gases of the NBs. |
Khooshideh and Shahriari1717 Khooshideh M, Shahriari A. A comparison of tramadol and pethidine analgesia on the duration of labour: a randomised clinical trial. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2009;49(01):59-632009 |
RCT/Iran |
80 |
50 mg/IM |
Pethidine x tramadol. All Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were > 7. There were 3 cases of fetal distress (2 participants had been given pethidine). |
Allameh et al1818 Allameh Z, Tehrani HG, Ghasemi M. Comparing the impact of acupuncture and pethidine on reducing labor pain. Adv Biomed Res 2015;4:462015 |
RCT/Iran |
30 |
50 mg/IM |
Pethidine x acupuncture x placebo. The Apgar scores were 8/9 in the 3 groups. There were no differences in the number of NBs who passed meconium. |
Yilmaz et al1919 Yilmaz B, Kart C, Kelekci S, et al. Meperidine versus valethamate bromide in shortening the duration of active labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009;107(02):126-1292009 |
RCT/Turkey |
48 |
50 mg/IV |
Pethidine x valethamate x placebo. There were no differences in the number of NBs who passed meconium or the number of Apgar scores at 1 or 5 minutes < 7. |
Sekhavat and Behdad2020 Sekhavat L, Behdad S. The effects of meperidine analgesia during labor on fetal heart rate. Int J Biomed Sci 2009;5(01):59-622009 |
RCT/Iran |
75 |
50–75 mg/IM |
Pethidine x placebo. There was a decrease in the variability of the fetal heart rate. There were no significant adverse effects on the NBs. |
Ng et al2121 Ng TKT, Cheng BCP, Chan WS, Lam KK, Chan MTV. A double-blind randomised comparison of intravenous patient-controlled remifentanil with intramuscular pethidine for labour analgesia. Anaesthesia 2011;66(09):796-8012011 |
RCT/China |
34 |
50–75 mg/IM |
Pethidine x remifentanil. The Apgar scores were 8/9. No complications were reported. |
Elbohoty et al2222 Elbohoty AEH, Abd-Elrazek H, Abd-El-Gawad M, Salama F, El- Shorbagy M, Abd-El-Maeboud KHI. Intravenous infusion of paracetamol versus intravenous pethidine as an intrapartum analgesic in the first stage of labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012;118(01): 7-102012 |
RCT/Egypt |
50 |
50 mg/IV |
Pethidine x paracetamol. The Apgar scores at 1 minute were lower in the group using pethidine (6 × 7). All Apgar scores at 5 minutes were 9. No adverse effects or admissions to the intensive care unit were reported. |
Fleet et al2323 Fleet J, Belan I, Jones MJ, Ullah S, Cyna AM. A comparison of fentanyl with pethidine for pain relief during childbirth: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2015;122(07):983-9922015 |
RCT/Australia |
51 |
100 mg/IM, every 3 hours |
Pethidine x fentanyl. Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes was 9 for both groups. There was a higher number of NBs admissions to the nursery with pethidine. |
Loughnan et al2424 Loughnan BA, Carli F, Romney M, Doré CJ, Gordon H. Randomized controlled comparison of epidural bupivacaine versus pethidine for analgesia in labour. Br J Anaesth 2000;84(06):715-7192000 |
RCT/England |
213 |
100 mg/IM,every 2 hours |
Pethidine x epidural. No differences in the number of Apgar scores < 9 at 5 minutes. |
Keskin et al2525 Keskin HL, Keskin EA, Avsar AF, Tabuk M, Caglar GS. Pethidine versus tramadol for pain relief during labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003;82(01):11-162003 |
RCT/Turkey |
29 |
100 mg/IM |
Pethidine x tramadol. The Apgar scores of both groups were > 7/9. There were no differences in Apgar scores number of the respiratory depression. There were 3 cases of respiratory depression in the NBs of the participants who were given pethidine (10.3%). |
Wee et al2626 Wee MYK, Tuckey JP, Thomas PW, Burnard S. A comparison of intramuscular diamorphine and intramuscular pethidine for labour analgesia: a two-centre randomised blinded controlled trial. BJOG 2014;121(04):447-4562014 |
RCT/England |
240 |
150 mg/IM |
Pethidine x diamorphine. The Apgar at 1 minute was < 7 in 15% of the participants who were given pethidine, and there was need for resuscitation in 19% of the participants. |
Sosa et al2727 Sosa CG, Balaguer E, Alonso JG, Panizza R, Laborde A, Berrondo C. Meperidine for dystocia during the first stage of labor: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191(04): 1212-12182004 |
RCT/Uruguay |
205 |
100 mg/IV |
Pethidine x placebo. There was respiratory depression and acidosis in the NBs whose mothers were given pethidine. |
Sharma et al2828 Sharma SK, Alexander JM, Messick G, et al. Cesarean delivery: a randomized trial of epidural analgesia versus intravenous meperidine analgesia during labor in nulliparous women. Anesthesiology 2002;96(03):546-5512002 |
RCT/United States |
207 |
50 mg/IV + 15 mg/IV, every 10 minute, limited to 100 mg every 2 hours |
Pethidine x epidural. There were no differences in arterial blood pH between the two groups. In the group that was given pethidine, Apgar scores < 7 at 1 minute were more frequent. |
Sosa et al2929 Sosa CG, Buekens P, Hughes JM, et al. Effect of pethidine administered during the first stage of labor on the acid-base status at birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006;129(02):135-1392006 |
RCT/Uruguay |
189 |
100 mg/IV |
Pethidine x placebo. There was no association between pethidine and acidosis in the NBs. |
Tsui et al3030 Tsui MHY, Ngan Kee WD, Ng FF, Lau TK. A double blinded randomised placebo-controlled study of intramuscular pethidine for pain relief in the first stage of labour. BJOG 2004;111(07): 648-6552004 |
RCT/China |
25 |
100 mg/IM |
Pethidine x placebo. There were no differences in the pH of the umbilical vein. The number of Apgar scores < 7 at 1 and 5 minutes was equal. |
Douma et al3131 Douma MR, Verwey RA, Kam-Endtz CE, van der Linden PD, Stienstra R. Obstetric analgesia: a comparison of patient-controlled meperidine, remifentanil, and fentanyl in labour. Br J Anaesth 2010;104(02):209-2152010 |
RCT/Netherlands |
53 |
49,5 mg/IV + 5 mg/IV, every 5 minutes |
Pethidine x fentanyl x remifentanil. The Apgar scores with pethidine were 8.6/9.7. Those using pethidine had umbilical cord IV, blood with pH 5/5 minute 7.21 (0.1)-limitary and NACS 36.8 (2.1)-limitary. |
Jain et al3232 Jain S, Arya VK, Gopalan S, Jain V. Analgesic efficacy of intramuscular opioids versus epidural analgesia in labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003;83(01):19-272003 |
RCT/India |
39 |
50–75–100 mg/IM |
Pethidine x epidural x tramadol. There were no differences in the Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes among the three groups. Umbilical cord pH was similar in all groups. |