Advances in the field of stem cell therapy have provided promising results in the regeneration of tissues damaged by eye diseases for which treatment is so far unavailable. Therapy based on stem cells to regenerate and repair is a hope for the restoration of visual function in individuals with ocular tissue irreversibly damaged by disease or trauma. Until now, only limbal epithelial stem cells have a recognized clinical application in ophthalmology for the repair of the cornea. Experience gained with this approach, may potentially help with the design of therapies based on stem cells to regenerate other eye tissues, in particular the retina. The use of adult stem cells to treat degenerative diseases of the retina has been tested in animals, as has their feasibility for use in humans. Although many practical problems exist, there is general optimism among the medical and scientific community that therapy based on stem cells to restore visual function can become a reality in the not too distant future. This article reviews the current status and limitations of the application of stem cell therapy in the eye and considers future prospects of its use in the restoration of vision.
Retinal stem cells; Müller stem cells; limbal epithelial stem cells; retina; cornea
