Microcytic and hypochromic anemias affect many people worldwide. A significant percentage of cases are due to iron deficiency, while in certain regions the frequency of thalassemia minor is important. On the other hand, anemia of chronic disease is the most common cause of anemia in hospitalized patients. Differential diagnosis between these anemias, currently established by using gold standard tests involving evaluation of iron metabolism and measurement of HbA2, is of clinical importance. Although very useful, these tests are time consuming and onerous. In cases of concomitant diseases, a common finding in the clinical practice, these tests are unable to provide a correct diagnosis. In an attempt to optimize diagnosis of these anemias, the use of some parameters derived from modern automated blood count analyzers has been suggested. In this study, the role of RDW, platelet parameters (platelet number, PDW, MPV) and erythrocyte morphology as differentiating parameters were evaluated in a group of 159 patients diagnosed as carriers of microcytic or hypochromic anemias due to iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease and β-thalassemia minor, as confirmed by gold standard tests. The RDW did not prove to be a good discriminator, while the platelet index, PDW, may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of microcytic and hypochromic anemias. Regarding the red cell morphologic alterations, basophilic stippling was a quite common finding just in patients with β-thalassemia minor, suggesting it to be a potential marker for elucidating cases of microcytosis.
Microcytic and hypochromic anemias; platelet parameters; erythrocyte morphology; red cell distribution width
