Splenic Sequestration is an acute complication responsible for high morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease. It is characterized by a reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin of 2g/dl or more compared to the basal value of the patient, and increases in erythropoietin and the size of the spleen. Clinical manifestations include hypovolemic shock which may be associated with viral or bacterial infections. Its incidence is variable depending on the region studied and it is more common in children between 3 months and 5 years old. A high percentage of fetal hemoglobin at 6 months of life seems to be a protective factor, while treatment with hydroxiurea to maintain splenic function seems to contribute with the increase in the rate of sequestration crises. Recurrence is common, occurring in about 50% of the survivors of first episodes. Treatment of sequestration crises should be immediate with volumetric expansion, transfusion which will immobilize the sequestered red blood cells.Duo to its common recurrence, these patients should receive preventive therapy. The best conduct is still the subject of many studies. It is recommended that under 2- years-old patients who present with severe crises should be maintained in chronic transfusion program up to 2 years old when they will be splenectomized. Over 2 years old infants should be referred for surgery. Educational measures of parents to quickly recognize the symptoms have contributed to a good evolution of .
Splenic sequestration; sickle cell disease