Dinâmica setorial e especialização produtiva da indústria de transformação brasileira entre 1998 e 2014

Maia, Bento Antunes de Andrade; Maia, Alexandre Gori

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Article • Rev. Bras. Inov. 18 (01) • Jan-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v18i1.8653206 copiar

Dinâmica setorial e especialização produtiva da indústria de transformação brasileira entre 1998 e 2014

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O processo de desindustrialização no Brasil tem sido amplamente discutido na literatura econômica. Contudo, seria o caso de considerarmos toda a indústria como perdedora desse processo de desenvolvimento? E quais seriam os fatores associados às transformações estruturais da indústria brasileira? Este artigo analisa os setores perdedores e ganhadores do processo de desenvolvimento brasileiro entre 1998 e 2014, período marcado por profundas transformações econômicas. O trabalho utiliza uma abordagem bastante desagregada, incluindo dados de 200 classes da indústria de transformação e uma nova estratégia de agrupamento dos setores mais e menos dinâmicos. Os resultados destacam: setores especialmente favorecidos, como o processamento de commodities agrícolas e os setores de bens de consumo (como a fabricação de computadores, aparelhos telefônicos, aparelhos de ar-condicionado, automóveis, aparelhos de televisão, entre outros); e setores especialmente fragilizados, como os segmentos têxteis e da indústria química.

Palavras-chave:
Especialização Produtiva; Manufatura; Análise Fatorial; Análise de Cluster; Mudança Estrutural

Indicator	Correlation (a)	Communality (h _i ² )
vit_r	0.8974	19.47
vit_a	0.8592	26.18
ep_r	0.7259	47.30
ep_a	0.4955	75.45
nsr_r	0.8995	19.08
nsr_a	0.7996	36.07
Autovalues (l)	3.76
% Variability	62.74

Group	Sectors	vit_r (%)	ep_r (%)	nsr_r (%)
1	33	11.0	6.8	11.4
2	58	4.8	4.9	5.7
3	69	0.8	1.8	1.5
4	40	-3.6	-1.3	-3.1
Total	200	2.8	2.9	3.4

Cluster	Sectors	VIT participation in 2014 (%)	VIT participation in 1998 (%)	Sum of EP 2014	Sum of EP 1998	Balance in US$ billion
1	33	38.2	25.8	2,511,703	1,077,795	156.9
2	58	34.0	28.4	1,965,832	971,527	-91.1
3	69	21.4	28.5	1,412,558	1,100,094	-14.2
4	40	6.3	17.3	388,037	434,491	-203
Overall Total	200	100.0	100.0	6,278,131	3,583,907	-151.4

Ranking	Reference	IPA-cod
1	Manufacture of computers	302
2	Telephone equipment	322
3	Peripheral equipment to electronic machinery	302
4	Radio and television equipment	323
5	Meat and poultry slaughtering and products	151
6	Manufacture of clothing	181
7	Automobiles	341
8	Optical instruments and equipment	32
9	Building and repair of ships and boats	2004
10	Preserved fruit and vegetables	152
11	Medical instruments	32
12	Printing services	2004
13	Sugar mills	156
14	Pesticides and other agrochemical products	246
15	Corrugated paper and paperboard	21204
16	Parts and accessories for motor vehicles	344
17	Manufacture of motorcycles	35901
18	Trucks and buses	342
19	Measuring, checking and testing instruments	32
20	Safety accessories	181
21	Pulp	21101
22	Cocoa products, sugar confectionary and chewing gum	15803
23	Manufacture of workwear and service apparel	181
24	Footwear, except sports footwear	193
25	Electrical equipment for vehicles	31601
26	Manufacture of fruit juices	152
27	Working of precious stones and jewellery	2004
28	Dietetic products and other preserved food products	158
29	Soft drinks	15907
30	Electrical motors and generators	311
31	Manufacture of bodies (cabs) for motor vehicles	34
32	Cassava flour and derivatives	155
33	Air conditioners	29204
Ranking	Reference	IPA-cod
34	Printing of newspapers, magazines and books	2004
35	Malt, beer and draught beer	15904
36	Bakery and pastry products	15801
37	Medicaments for human consumption	24501
38	Manufacture of mattresses	36109
39	Domestic appliances	298
40	Flat glass and safety glass	261
41	Meat dishes	15103
42	Stone crushing	269
43	Plastic flat or tubular laminates	25201
44	Articles of concrete	263
45	Processing of other plant products	155
46	Agricultural machinery and equipment	293
47	Additives for industrial use	249
48	Prepared animal feeds	15506
49	Metalworking of precious metals	274
50	Manufacture of sports footwear	19302
51	Non-refractory ceramic products	264
52	Tractors used in agriculture and forestry	29304
53	Knitted and crocheted apparel	177
54	Machinery for mining and construction	29
55	Printing ink	24804
56	Flat-rolled products of steel	272
57	Rice processing	15501
58	Diverse plastic products	252
59	Crude vegetable oils	153
60	Machinery and equipment for all purposes	292
61	Intermediate products for fertilizers	241
62	Nitrogenous, phosphatic or potassic fertilizers	24111
63	Basic petrochemical products	242
64	Bottling and carbonation of mineral waters	15905
65	Other metal products	289
66	Furniture predominantly made of wood	361
67	Stationary internal combustion engines	291
Ranking	Reference	IPA-cod
68	Locomotives, wagons and other rolling stock	2004
69	Watches and clocks	32
70	Manufacture of machine tools	29401
71	Manufacture of ethanol	234
72	Other non-metallic mineral products	269
73	Structural metal products for buildings and others	281
74	Coopers’ products and wooden packings	202
75	Manufacture of wiring devices	312
76	Manufacture of quicklime, hydrated lime and plaster	269
77	Margarine and other fats	15305
78	Medicaments for veterinary use	245
79	Other domestic appliances	29804
80	Soap and synthetic detergents	24701
81	Special fabrics	176
82	Knitted fabrics	17701
83	Perfume products and cosmetics	247
84	Manufacturing of cement	262
85	Tanning and other leather processing	191
86	Printed metal articles	28
87	Machinery and equipment for pulp and paper	296
88	Machinery for food, beverages and tobacco	296
89	Snack products (cookies and crackers)	15802
90	Other transport equipment	35
91	Manufacturing of machine tools	31
92	Other iron and steel tubes	27302
93	Laminated wood	202
94	Refrigerating and ventilation machinery and equipment	292
95	Casting of other non-ferrous metals	274
96	Parts and accessories of brakes	344
97	Luggage, bags, handbags and travel accessories	19
98	Furniture of other material	36
99	Transmission equipment	291
100	Metal frameworks	28102
101	Plastic articles for the packing of goods	252
Ranking	Reference	IPA-cod
102	Hydraulic pumps and rams	29103
103	Made-up textile articles	176
104	Casting of iron and steel	27
105	Parts for gearing and driving elements	34402
106	Weapons and ammunition	29
107	Long steel products	272
108	Heavy boiling work	281
109	Parts and accessories for driving and suspension	34404
110	Batteries and accumulators for vehicles	31401
111	Diverse products	2004
112	Tobacco products	16
113	Pneumatic components	251
114	Farinaceous products	15806
115	Manufacture of wine	15903
116	Other paper articles	214
117	Thermosetting resins	24307
118	Rerolled, drawn and profiled steel products	27217
119	Roasting and grinding of coffee	15701
120	Cleaning and polishing products	24702
121	Apparel accessories	181
122	Light bulbs and other lighting equipment	31501
123	Furniture predominantly made of metal	36107
124	Valves and taps	29104
125	Homogeneity and blending of distilled spirits	15901
126	Hand tools	284
127	Medical and dental material	245
128	Industrial gases	24112
129	Wood sawing	201
130	Fruit preserves	152
131	Manufacture of instant coffee	15702
132	Lifting and handling machinery	292
133	Tyre rebuilding and retreading	251
134	Equipment for thermal facilities	292
135	Paperboard packaging	21302
Ranking	Reference	IPA-cod
136	Glass articles	261
137	Brooms and brushes	2004
138	Wood framework	202
139	Glass packaging	261
140	Cordage, rope, twine and netting products	176
141	Dairy products	154
142	Production of pig iron	27101
143	Other inorganic products	241
144	Metallurgy of aluminum and its alloys	274
145	Sawmilling products	284
146	Refractory ceramic products	264
147	Ceramic products	264
148	Spinning and weaving of cotton fibers	17201
149	Parts and accessories for motors	34401
150	Metal packaging	289
151	Welded steel tubes	27301
152	Bodywork	28905
153	Diverse rubber articles	251
154	Central heating boilers and tanks	28
155	Yarns and threads for sewing and embroidery	172
156	Fiber processing, except cotton	17
157	Steam generating boilers	28
158	Fish dishes	151
159	Waterproof materials, solvents and others	24805
160	Steel forged products	28
161	Tapestry articles	176
162	Wheat grinding and manufacture of derivates	15502
163	Corn oils and starches	155
164	Manufacture of paper	21203
165	Milk processing	15401
166	Other printing services	2004
167	Paints, varnishes, enamels and lacquers	248
168	Machinery and equipment for the textile industry	296
169	Toys and recreational games	2004
Ranking	Reference	IPA-cod
170	Other leather articles	19
171	Other organic chemical products	242
172	Diverse wood articles, except furniture	202
173	Pharmaceutical products	245
174	Wires, cables and electrical conductors	31301
175	Chemical products	249
176	Manufacture of chlorine and alkalis	241
177	Metal drawn articles	28904
178	Musical instruments	2004
179	Refining of vegetable oils	153
180	Transmitting devices	322
181	Basic electronic equipment	321
182	Paper and paperboard products	214
183	Batteries and electric accumulators	31
184	Electric material for facilities	31202
185	Paper packaging	21301
186	Compressors	291
187	Bicycles and tricycles	35903
188	Intermediates for resins and fibers	242
189	Manufacture of socks	17702
190	Spices, sauces and condiments	158
191	Elastomers	243
192	Wiring of artificial or synthetic fibers	17202
193	Corn flour and derivates	15504
194	Machinery for the metallurgical industry	296
195	Hunting, fishing and sports articles	2004
196	Thermoplastic resins	243
197	Cutlery articles	284
198	Crawler tractors	29
199	Refining and grinding of sugar	156
200	Machines and equipment for apparel	296

Universidade Estadual de Campinas Rua: Carlos Gomes, 250. Bairro Cidade Universitária, Cep: 13083-855 , Campinas - SP / Brasil , Tel: +55 (19) 3521-5176 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rbi@unicamp.br

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[TFN1] Source: Authors, from PIA-Enterprise.