This text discusses how the conception of learning is directly dependent on the ontology which emerges from theories which try to understand human cognition. The analysis of certain theoretical-epistemological aspects developed by modern science highlighted the fact that the elimination of the concept of consciousness was an ideological option. I tried to show the necessity of a new methodology, departing from the linking of Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Linguistics, to investigate human cognition. It is desirable that such a methodology takes into consideration consciousness, since recent research on the theme has been increasingly devoted to the understanding of this phenomenon.