RBC-DETERMINING BIOSENSORS IN ATHLETES’ URINE

BIOSSENSORES DETERMINANTES DE HEMÁCIAS NA URINA DE ATLETAS

BIOSENSORES DETERMINANTES DE GLÓBULOS ROJOS EN LA ORINA DE DEPORTISTAS

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

There is a lack of electrochemical biosensors that allow finding hemoglobin (Hb), a protein found within red blood cells, available in athletes’ urine samples.

Objective:

This work is focused on the production of dsDNA immobilized on an Au-modified glassy carbon electrode (dsDNA/Au/GCE) and its use as a sensor for the presence of urinary hemoglobin.

Methods:

The elements were deposited in spherical form and tested as a porosity electrode surface for DNA immobilization according to the surface scan of the functionalized dsDNA/Au/GCE using SEM analysis. DPV and amperometry were used to conduct electrochemical studies.

Results:

Amperometric analyses showed that Hb determination on dsDNA/Au/GCE showed better stability and sensitivity. In the existence of multiple interfering species and clinical urine samples produced, the selectivity and the actual ability of dsDNA/Au/GCE for hemoglobin determination were investigated.

Conclusion:

The results showed that dsDNA/Au/GCE is effective, reliable, and selective as an electrochemical sensor of Hb. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Athletes; Hemoglobins; Biosensing Techniques; Urine