Brewer et al.1414. Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Linder DE. Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles heel? Inter J Sport Psychol. 1993;24:237-54. (1993) |
243 |
American students and athletes |
Discuss the construct athletic identity and introduce a measure of athletic identity |
10-item AIMS |
Unifactorial |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis. |
(SRMR= 0.04 CFI= 0.97) |
Martin et al.1515. Martin JJ, Mushett CA, Eklund R. Factor structure of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale with adolescent swimmers with disabilities. Inter J Adapted Phys Educ Res. 1994;1(1):87-100. (1994) |
57 |
Adolescent swimmers with disabilities |
Determine the multidimensionality of the AIMS in adolescent athletes (swimmers) with disabilities |
10-item AIMS |
Social identity; exclusivity; negative affectivity |
Internal consistency |
Exploratory factor analysis |
Cronbach's Alpha= 0.79 |
Martin et al.1616. Martin JJ, Eklund RC, Mushett CA. Factor structure of the athletic identity measurement scale with athletes with disabilities. Adapted Phys Activity Quart. 1997;14(1):74-82. (1997) |
78 |
Paralympic swimmers |
Examine the psychometric properties of the AIMS |
10-item AIMS |
Self-identity; Social identity; Exclusivity; Negative affectivity |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis/ |
(X2= 27.18, p= .16.2; CFI= 0.96; Bentler-Bonett Non-Normed Fit Index = 0.94) |
Hale et al. 1717. Hale BD, James B, Stambulova N. Determining the dimensionality of athletic identity: a “Herculean” cross-cultural undertaking. Inter J Sport Psychol. 1999;30(1):83-100. (1999) |
1160 |
Athletes from the USA, Ukraine and Russia |
Analyze the factorial structure and identify the existence of differences in the AI measure in three different cultures |
10-item AIMS |
Social identity; Exclusivity; Negative affectivity |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis |
(X2= 2452.14; p=0.001CFI=0.84; NFI= 0.695) |
Schmid; Seiler1818. Schmid J, Seiler R. Identity in high-performance sport: psychometric investigations with a German Language adaptation of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS-D). Diagnostica. 2003;49(4):176-83. (2003) |
610 |
German athletes |
Examine the psychometric properties of the AIMS |
10-item AIMS |
Social identity; Exclusivity; negative affectivity |
Internal consistency |
Cronbach's alpha |
Alpha= 0.83 |
Li, Mark; Andersen, (2008)1919. Li HY, Andersen MB. Athletic identity in China: examining the AIMS in a Hong Kong sample. Inter J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008;6(2):176-88.
|
186 |
Chinese athletes |
Investigate the internal consistency and the factorial structure of the AIMS for Chinese athletes |
10-item AIMS |
Self-identity; Social identity; exclusivity; Negative affectivity |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis/ Cronbach's Alpha |
X2= 40.01; RMSEA= .11; CFI= .94; TLI= .90 |
Proios2020. Proios M. Factor validity of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale in a Greek sample. Inter J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012;10(4):305-13. (2012) |
305 |
Students graduating in physical education from Greece |
Investigate the factorial structure of the AIMS in Greece |
10-item AIMS |
Social identity; exclusivity; negative affectivity |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis |
X2= 10.4; AIC= 44.4; CAIC= 124.6 GFI= 0.99 NFI= 0.99 CFI= 1.00 RMSEA= 0.00 |
Tunçkol2121. Tunçkol HM. Applying athletic identity measurement scale on physical Educators: Turkish version of AIMS. Educ Res Reviews. 2015;10(2):177-83. (2015) |
501 |
Turkish Physical Education Students |
Investigate the factorial structure and validity of the Turkish version of the AIMS |
7-item and 10-item AIMS |
Social identity; exclusivity; negative affectivity; |
Construct, criterion, adaptation of items |
Confirmatory factor analysis |
X2= 22.12; RMSEA= 0.05; CFI= 0.99; GFI= 0.99; TLI 0.98. |
Peiró-Velert et al.2222. Peiró-Velert C, Valencia-Peris A, Fos-Ros V, Devís-Devís J. Identidad deportiva en adolescentes españoles: propiedades psicométricas de La versión em español de la escala Athletic Identity Measurement Scale-E. Rev Latinoamericana Psicol. 2016;48(1):8-17. (2015) |
441 |
Spanish adolescents |
Validate and adapt the AIMS for Spanish adolescents |
7-item AIMS |
Social identity; exclusivity; negative affectivity |
Construct, of criterion |
Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha and MANOVA |
GFI= 0.98; CFI= 0.99; RMSEA= 0.05 |
Nagata; Long2323. Nagata S, Long T. Examining validity of the athletic identity measurement scale in a sample of wheelchair rugby athletes. Inter J Sport Psychol. 2016;47(3):282-95. (2016) |
500 |
American wheelchair rugby players |
Investigate the factorial structure of the AIMS in wheelchair rugby athletes |
10-item AIMS |
Social identity; exclusivity; negative affectivity |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha |
CFI= 0.83; IFI= 0.84; RMSEA= 0.84; AIC= 10.66; CAIC= 22.66. |
Silva et al.2424. Silva WR, Ferrari EP, Medeiros TE, Freitas KT, Tkac CM, Cardoso FL. Athletic identity measurement scale: translation, adaptation and validation for Brazil. Motriz: Rev Educ Fis. 2016;22(1):42-7. (2016) |
217 |
Brazilian athletes and college/university students |
Translate, adapt and validate the AIMS scale for Brazilian Portuguese |
7-item AIMS |
Unifactorial |
Construct, Criterion; Reliability, Cross-cultural Adaptation. |
Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, Kappa coefficient, independent t-test |
Alpha= 0.78 |
Brewer; Cornelius2525. Brewer BW, Cornelius AE. Norms and factorial invariance of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale. Acad Athletic Journal. 2001;15(2):103-13. (2001) |
2856 |
American athletes and non-athletes |
Examine the psychometric properties of the AIMS and develop future standards |
10-item and 7-item AIMS |
Social identity; Exclusivity; Negative affectivity |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis |
|
Cieslak et al.2626. Cieslak TJ, Fink JS, Pastore DL. Measuring the athletic identity construct: Scale development and validation. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2005;27(Suppl):S48. (2005) |
300 |
American athletes |
Investigate and propose a scale to measure AI |
AIMS Plus |
Self-identity; Positive Affectivity; Negative Affectivity; Social Identity; Exclusivity |
Construct, criterion, Internal consistency |
Confirmatory factor analysis, one-way Anova, correlation. |
(Alpha= 0.96; X2= 3351.27; GFI= 0.73; RMSEA= 0.12; TLI= 0.76; NFI= 0.75) |
Anderson2727. Anderson CB. Athletic identity and its relation to exercise behavior: Scale development and initial validation. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2004;26(1):39-56. (2004) |
931 |
American undergraduate students |
Develop a psychometrically solid measure of athletic identity that would be applicable to individuals for any type of physical exercise, sport and physical activity. |
AIQ |
Appearance; Importance; competence; encouragement |
Construct, criterion, internal consistency |
Confirmatory factor analysis; Cronbach's Alpha |
(X2= 519.17; NNFI= 0.96; CFI= 0.96; RMSEA= 0.61) |
Nasco; Webb.2828. Nasco SA, Webb WM. Toward an expanded measure of athletic identity: The inclusion of public and private dimensions. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2006;28(4):434-53. (2006) |
410/ 677 |
American athletes and non-athletes |
Create a scale to measure the private and public aspects of the role of athlete |
PPAIS |
Public; private |
Construct, criterion, convergent |
Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, correlation. |
X2= 93.97; NNFI = .911; CFI = .933; RMSEA = .071; SRMR = .066. |
Groff; Zabriskie,3434. Groff DG, Zabriskie RB. An exploratory study of athletic identity among elite alpine skiers with physical disabilities: Issues of measurement and design. J Sport Behav. 2006;29(2):126-41. (2006) |
33 |
Para athlete skiers |
Determine the athletic identity of elite skiers with disabilities and examine the factorial structure of the AIMS |
10-item AIMS |
Social identity; exclusivity; negative affectivity |
Internal consistency |
Cronbach's Alpha |
Alpha= 0.81 |
Visek et al.3535. Visek AJ, Hurst JR, Maxwell JP, Watson JC. A cross-cultural psychometric evaluation of the athletic identity measurement scale. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2008;20(4):473-80. (2008) |
699 |
American, British and Chinese contact and collision sport athletes. |
Test the psychometric properties of the AIMS in an American and Chinese sample. |
7-item AIMS |
Social identity; exclusivity; Negative affectivity |
Construct and Internal consistency |
Confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson's correlation |
X2 (11) = 32.61, SRMR = .05, CFI = .96, RMSEA = .07. Alpha= .76. |
Anderson et al. 3636. Anderson CB, Coleman KJ. Adaptation and validation of the athletic identity questionnaire-adolescent for use with children. J Physl Act Health. 2008;5(4):539-58. (2007) |
408 |
American adolescents |
Describe the development of a measure of the general attribute of “athletic” in adolescents, covering exercise, sport, and physical activity |
40-item AIQ |
Appearance; competence; importance of the activity; engagement |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis |
(RMSEA = .055, NNFI = .97, CFI = .98) |
Anderson; Coleman3737. Anderson CB, Mâsse LC, Hergenroeder AC. Factorial and construct validity of the athletic identity questionnaire for adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(1):59-69. (2008) |
936 |
Children of different ethnicities and Hispanic children |
Adapt the AIQ questionnaire (adolescents) for children and test its validity |
AIQ Children |
Appearance; competence; importance of the activity; competence |
Construct |
Confirmatory factor analysis |
RMSEA = .061, NNFI = .96, CFI = .96) |
Cabrita et al.,3838. Cabrita TM, Rosado AB, Leite TO, Sousa PM. Adaptation of the athletic identity measurement scale (AIMS-Plus) for the Portuguese population. Psicol Reflex Crit. 2014;27(1): 29-37. (2014) |
650 |
Portuguese athletes |
Adapt and validate the AIMS Plus for the Portuguese population |
AIMS Plus |
Self-identity; Positive Affectivity; Negative Affectivity; Social identity; Exclusivity |
Convergent construct Cross-cultural Adaptation |
Confirmatory factor analysis |
X2= 8.769; CFI= .895; PCFI= .733; GFI= .892; PGFI= .640; RMSEA= .109. |