| An, Rainbow, Cheung4141. An W, Rainbow MJ, Cheung RTH. Impacts of Surface Inclination on the Vertical Loading Rates and Landing Pattern in Novice Barefoot Runners. Biomed Res Int. 2015;101(Suppl 1):1–7.
|
17 male |
28.5 ± 4.4 years |
Runners with no previous experience in barefoot running |
| Azevedo, Mezêncio, Valvassori, Mochizuki, Amadio, Serra1212. Azevedo APS, Mezêncio B, Valvassori R, Mochizuki L, Amadio AC, Serrão JC. Does “transition shoe” promote an intermediate biomechanical condition compared to running in conventional shoe and in reduced protection condition?. Gait Posture. 2016;46:142–6.
|
14 (12/2) |
18 to 40 years |
Runners with no previous experience in barefoot running or minimalist footwear, rearfoot strikers, and with experience in treadmill running |
| Bonacci, Saunders, Hicks, Rantalainen, Vicenzino, Spratfor1515. Bonacci J, Saunders PU, Hicks A, Rantalainen T, Vicenzino BT, Spratford W. Running in a minimalist and lightweight shoe is not the same as running barefoot: A biomechanical study. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(6):387–92.
|
22 (14/8) |
29.2 ± 6.0 years |
Very well-trained runners, with 105.3± 33.5 km of training per week |
| Cheung, Rainbow4242. Cheung RTH, Rainbow MJ. Landing pattern and vertical loading rates during first attempt of barefoot running in habitual shod runners. Hum Mov Sci. 2014;34(1):120–7.
|
30 (12/18) |
25.5 ± 5.2 years |
Amateur runners, with a 30 km/week running volume in the last year, no previous experience in barefoot running |
| Cuevas, Quesada, Giménez, Aparicio, Jimenez, Perez1717. Lucas-Cuevas AG, Priego Quesada JI, Giménez JV, Aparicio I, Jimenez-Perez I, Pérez-Soriano P. Initiating running barefoot: Effects on muscle activation and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(8):1145–52.
|
22 male |
28.4 ± 5.8 years |
Amateur runners, rearfoot strikers, with a running volume of 38.6 ± 15.4 km/week |
| Ekizos, Santuz, Arampatzis4949. Ekizos A, Santuz A, Arampatzis A. Transition from shod to barefoot alters dynamic stability during running. Gait Posture. 2017;56:31–6.
|
20 (14/6) |
27.8 ± 5 years |
Runners used to running and walking with shoes |
| Ervilha, Mochizuki, Figueira Jr, Hamill1111. Ervilha UF, Mochizuki L, Figueira A, Hamill J. Are muscle activation patterns altered during shod and barefoot running with a forefoot footfall pattern?. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(17):1697–703.
|
10 male |
22.1 ± 2 years |
Runners with a training volume of at least 15 km/week, used to running with shoes, and rearfoot strikers |
| Fredericks, Swank, Teisberg, Hampton, Ridpath, Hanna4343. Fredericks W, Swank S, Teisberg M, Hampton B, Ridpath L, Hanna JB. Lower extremity biomechanical relationships with different speeds in traditional, minimalist, and barefoot footwear. J Sport Sci Med. 2015;14(2):276–83.
|
26 (13/13) |
26.5 ± 6.1 years |
Amateur runners with training between 24 and 30km per week, with no experience in barefoot running or minimalist footwear |
| Hashish, Samarawickrame, Powers, Salem2828. Hashish R, Samarawickrame SD, Powers CM, Salem GJ. Lower limb dynamics vary in shod runners who acutely transition to barefoot running. J Biomech. 2016;49(2):284–8.
|
22 (9/13) |
19 to 40 years |
Runners with a training volume ranging between 15-40 km/week. No previous experiences in barefoot running and with minimalist footwear |
| Hein, Grau2929. Hein T, Grau S. Can minimal running shoes imitate barefoot heel-toe running patterns? Acomparison of lower leg kinematics. J Sport Heal Sci. 2014;3(2):67–73.
|
37 (14/23) |
18 to 55 years |
Amateur runners, rearfoot strikers and with no previous experience in barefoot running |
| Hollander, Argubi-Wollesen, Reer, Zech4444. Hollander K, Argubi-Wollesen A, Reer R, Zech A. Comparison of minimalist footwear strategies for simulating barefoot running: A randomized crossover study. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):1–11.
|
37 (14/23) |
18 to 45 years old |
Amateur runners, training at least 12 km/week. No previous experiences with minimalist footwear |
| Jiménez, García-Pinillos, Soto-Hermoso, Latorre-Román4545. Muñoz-Jimenez M, Latorre-Román PA, Soto-Hermoso VM, García-Pinillos F. Influence of shod/unshod condition and running speed on foot-strike patterns, inversion/eversion, and vertical foot rotation in endurance runners. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(19):2035–42.
|
32 male |
35.64 ± 11.67 years |
Long-distance runners used to running with shoes. Training volume of 60.18 ± 20.41 km/week and 5.47 ± 1.29 sessions per week |
| Jimenez, Roman, Hermoso, Pinillos4545. Muñoz-Jimenez M, Latorre-Román PA, Soto-Hermoso VM, García-Pinillos F. Influence of shod/unshod condition and running speed on foot-strike patterns, inversion/eversion, and vertical foot rotation in endurance runners. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(19):2035–42.
|
80 (59/21) |
34.11 ± 12.95 years |
Amateur runners, with no experience predicted with barefoot running, training of at least 40 km/week |
| Kelly, Lichtwark, Farris, Cresswell4747. Kelly LA, Lichtwark GA, Farris DJ, Cresswell A. Shoes alter the spring-like function of the human foot during running. J R Soc Interface. 2016;13(119):20160174.
|
16 (9/7) |
18 to 29 years old |
Amateur runners used to running with shoes. None of participants was forefoot striker, both shod and barefoot |
| Larson3030. Larson P. Comparison of foot strike patterns of barefoot and minimally shod runners in a recreational road race. J Sport Heal Sci. 2014;3(2):137–42.
|
241 (does not inform) |
Not informed |
Varied sample among runners used to running barefoot, barefoot running for the first time or started a short time ago |
| LeBlanc, Ferkranus1313. LeBlanc M, Ferkranus H. Lower Extremity Joint Kinematics of Shod, Barefoot and Simulated Barefoot Treadmill Running. Int J Exerc Sci. 2018;11(1):717–29.
|
12 (6/6) |
21.1 ± 1.2 years |
Runners used to running on the treadmill |
| McCallion, Donne, Fleming, Blanksby1414. McCallion C, Donne B, Fleming N, Blanksby B. Acute differences in foot strike and spatiotemporal variables for shod, barefoot or minimalist male runners. J Sport Sci Med. 2014;13(2):280–6.
|
14 male |
18 to 35 years old |
Runners used to running with shoes, with minimum training of 30-50 km/week |
| McCarthy, Fleming, Donne, Blanksby3636. McCarthy C, Fleming N, Donne B, Blanksby B. Barefoot running and hip kinematics: Good news for the knee? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(5):1009–16.
|
23 female |
30 ± 3 years |
Amateur runners with a running volume of 29.7 ± 14.0 km/week. Used to running with shoes and without experience with minimalist shoes |
| Mei, Fernandez, Fu, Feng, Gu3131. Mei Q, Fernandez J, Fu W, Feng N, Gu Y. A comparative biomechanical analysis of habitually unshod and shod runners based on a foot morphological difference. Hum Mov Sci. 2015;42:38–53.
|
38 male |
RB: 23 ± 1.2 years
RS: 24 ± 2.1 years |
18 male used to running barefoot since birth and 20 male used to running with shoes |
| Nigg, Vienneau, Smith, Trudeau, Mohr, Nigg3232. Nigg BM, Vienneau J, Smith AC, Trudeau MB, Mohr M, Nigg SR. The preferred movement path paradigm: Influence of running shoes on joint movement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(8):1641–8.
|
35 (18/17) |
29.9 ± 9.7 years |
Runners training at least 2 times a week, rearfoot strikers |
| Olin, Gutierrez3535. Olin ED, Gutierrez GM. EMG and tibial shock upon the first attempt at barefoot running. Hum Mov Sci. 2013;32(2):343–52.
|
18 (6/12) |
31.2 ± 7.9 years |
Amateur runners, with a training volume of 20.9 ± 6.0 km/week, used to running with shoes and rearfoot strikers |
| Peltz, Haladik, Hoffman, McDonald, Ramo, Divine, Nurse, Bey5050. Peltz CD, Haladik JA, Hoffman SE, McDonald M, Ramo NL, Divine G, et al. Effects of footwear on three-dimensional tibiotalar and subtalar joint motion during running. J Biomech. 2014;47(11):2647–53.
|
12 (6/6) |
18 to 33 years old |
Amateur runners used to running with shoes, with a training volume of at least 25 miles/week |
| Rao, Chambon, Gueguen, Berton, Delattre3737. Rao G, Chambon N, Guéguen N, Berton E, Delattre N. Does wearing shoes affect your biomechanical efficiency? J Biomech. 2015;48(3):413–7.
|
8 male |
23.87 ± 3.7 years |
Runners used to running with shoes, without experience with minimalist footwear |
| Roberts, Roscoe, Hulse, Bennett, Dixon3838. Roberts A, Roscoe D, Hulse D, Bennett AN, Dixon S. Plantar pressure differences between cases with symptoms of clinically diagnosed chronic exertional compartment syndrome and asymptomatic controls. Clin Biomech. 2017;50:27–31.
|
40 male |
18 to 40 Years |
20 participants with symptoms and diagnosed with chronic exertional compartment syndrome and 20 asymptomatic participants |
| Santuz, Ekizos, Janshen, Baltzopoulos, Arampatzis3939. Santuz A, Ekizos A, Janshen L, Baltzopoulos V, Arampatzis A. The Influence of Footwear on the Modular Organization of Running. Front Physiol. 2017;8:958.
|
20 (10/10) |
Male 31 ± 7 years Female: 28 ± 5 years |
Regularly active |
| Shih, Lin, Shiang3434. Shih Y, Lin KL, Shiang TY. Is the foot striking pattern more important than barefoot or shod conditions in running? Gait Posture. 2013;38(3):490–4.
|
12 male |
2.2 ± 1.3 years |
Runners used to running with shoes and rearfoot strikers |
| Sinclair, Atkins, Richards, Vincent1818. Sinclair J, Atkins S, Richards J, Vincent H. Modelling of Muscle Force Distributions during Barefoot and Shod Running. J Hum Kinet. 2015;47(1):9–17.
|
20 male |
27.71 ± 3.01 years |
Experienced runners training at least 3 times a week |
| Sinclair, Atkins, Taylor1616. Sinclair J, Atkins S, Taylor PJ. The effects of barefoot and shod running on limb and joint stiffness characteristics in recreational runners. J Mot Behav. 2016;48(1):79–85.
|
15 male |
23.5 ± 2.5 years |
Runners, with a training volume of at least 35 km/week, used to running with shoes, rearfoot strikers |
| Sinclair, Hobbs, Currigan, Giannandrea, Taylor1919. Sinclair J, Hobbs SJ, Currigan G, Giannandrea M, Taylor PJ. Tibiocalcaneal kinematics during barefoot and in barefootinspired shoes in comparison to conventional running footwear. Mov Spor Sci. 2014;1(83):67–75.
|
16 male |
22.36 ± 2.51 years |
Experienced runners, with a training volume of at least 30 km/week, rearfoot strikers |
| Sinclair3333. Sinclair J. The Effects of Barefoot and Barefoot Inspired Footwear Running on Tibiofemoral Kinetics. Hum Mov. 2016;17(3):176–80.
|
30 male |
26.21 ± 5.52 years |
Amateur runners training at least 3 times a week |
| Sinclair2727. Sinclair J. Effects of barefoot and shod running on lower extremity joint loading, a musculoskeletal simulation study. Sport Sci Health. 2018;14:1–10.
|
12 male |
24.33 ± 4.09 |
Recreational runners (at least 3 times per week with a weekly volume of 35 km) |
| Strauts, Vanicek, Halaki4040. Strauts J, Vanicek N, Halaki M. Acute changes in kinematic and muscle activity patterns in habitually shod rearfoot strikers while running barefoot. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(1):75–87.
|
6 (4/2) |
31.5 ± 9.9 years |
Amateur runners with 3-4/week training sessions. No previous experience in barefoot running, rearfoot strikers |
| Tam, Darragh, Divekar, Lamberts2020. Tam N, Darragh IAJ, Divekar NV. Lamberts RP. Habitual Minimalist Shod Running Biomechanics and the Acute Response to Running Barefoot. Int J Sports Med. 2017;38(10):770–5.
|
34 (27/6) |
RS: 30.5 ± 7.5 years RM: 34.4 ± 7.5 years |
Runners with no experience in barefoot running, training at least 4h/week (48 km) and who could run 10 km in less than 50 min |
| Tam, Prins, Divekar, Lamberts2121. Tam N, Prins D, Divekar NV, Lamberts RP. Biomechanical analysis of gait waveform data: exploring differences between shod and barefoot running in habitually shod runners. Gait Posture. 2017;58:274–9.
|
50 male |
30.3 ± 7.4 years |
Experienced runners used to running shoes. 10 km in less than 50 min |
| Tam, Wilson, Coetzee, Pletsen, Tucker4848. Tam N, Astephen Wilson JL, Coetzee DR, van Pletsen L, Tucker R. Loading rate increases during barefoot running in habitually shod runners: Individual responses to an unfamiliar condition. Gait Posture. 2016;46:47–52.
|
51 male |
28.2 ± 5.0 years |
Amateur runners used to running shoes with greater cushioning, able to run 10 km in less than 50 min |
| Thompson, Gutmann, Seegmiller, McGowan2222. Thompson MA, Gutmann A, Seegmiller J, McGowan CP. The effect of stride length on the dynamics of barefoot and shod running. J Biomech. 2014;47(11):2745–50.
|
11(6/5) |
29 ± 5.6 years |
Physically active, training at least 30 minutes per session, 5 times a week |
| Thompson, Hoffman2323. Thompson MA, Hoffman KM. Superficial plantar cutaneous sensation does not trigger barefoot running adaptations. Gait Posture. 2017;57:305–9.
|
10 (6/4) |
27 ± 7.1 years |
Physically active and rearfoot strikers |
| Thompson, Lee, Seegmiller, McGowan2222. Thompson MA, Gutmann A, Seegmiller J, McGowan CP. The effect of stride length on the dynamics of barefoot and shod running. J Biomech. 2014;47(11):2745–50.
|
20(10/10) |
22.1 to 35 years |
10 rearfoot strikers and 10 forefoot or midfoot strikers |
| Thompson, Seegmiller, McGowan2525. Thompson M, Seegmiller J, McGowan CP. Impact Accelerations of Barefoot and Shod Running. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(5):364–8.
|
10 (5/5) |
26 ± 7.3 years |
Amateur runners, physically active, rearfoot strikers |
| Xu, Liang, Liu, Fekete2626. Xu SD, Liang ZQ, Liu YW, Fekete G. Biomechanical Performance of Habitually Barefoot and Shod Runners during Barefoot Jogging and Running. Biomimetics. 2018;38:1–10.
|
10 male |
Does not inform |
Runners used to running barefoot and with shoes |
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