Bentley et al.32
|
Task: Straight-line run |
Pressure insoles |
Pressure peaks; Integral of pressure by time. |
The boots with round-shaped studs presented higher pressure peaks than the boots with blade-shaped studs in areas with normal stepping pattern. On the other hand, the boots with blade-shaped studs presented greater pressure overloads on the side of the midfoot and forefoot. |
One boot with blade-shaped studs and one boot with round-shaped studs |
Butler et al.31
|
Task: Jumping and head a ball |
Force platform; kinematic evaluation system |
The variables were analyzed during landing conditions. Ground reaction force (vertical axis); peak of knee flexion; flexor-extensor knee torque; peak flexor-extensor hip torque; flexor-extensor ankle torque; peak ankle dorsiflexion. |
Men: Greater dorsiflexion using boots with blade-shaped studs compared with other footwear. Women: smaller knee flexion with boots with blade-shaped studs. No significant influence of blade-shaped stud on knee and hip resulting joint torques. The bladed-shaped studs increased flexion-extension torque at the ankle compared to running shoes |
Running shoes, artificial lawn shoes, boots with blade-shaped studs |
DeBiaso et al.33
|
Task: Jumping and heading a ball. |
Pressure insoles |
Maximum force, contact area, peak pressure, contact time and force-time integral. |
The boots presented greater maximum force compared with running shoes. Boots with blade-shaped studs presented a smaller area of contact than the other shoes. There were also higher force-time integral values for the boot with blade-shaped studs compared with turf shoes, especially in the lateral region of the forefoot. |
Running shoes, artificial lawn shoes, boots with blade-shaped studs |
Gehring et al.29
|
Task: running with change of direction (180º) |
Force platform; Electromyograph; kinematic evaluation system |
Ground reaction force (vertical, antero-posterior and mid-lateral); flexor-extensor knee torque; Peak electromyographic activity (quadriceps and hamstrings); |
No significant differences were found for the three ground reaction force axes and for the flexor-extensor knee torque as a function of the boot worn. Round-shaped studs caused greater electromyographic activity of the quadriceps than blade-shaped studs. |
Boots with blade-shaped studs; boots with round-shaped studs. |
Kaila30
|
Task: Straight-line run and runs with fast changes of direction (30º and 60º) |
Force platform; kinematic evaluation system |
Knee flexion angle; Flexor-extensor knee torque; Adductor-abductor knee torque; Internal-external knee rotator torque. |
No significant differences were found for each of the variables evaluated according to the type of boot worn. |
Two models of boots with blade-shaped studs; 2 boot models with round-shaped studs |
McGhie and Ettema34
|
Task: Run with change of direction (90º) and run with fast deceleration |
Force platform, photocells |
Peak impact on ground reaction force, ground contact time, linear velocity. |
Run with change of direction: Smaller linear velocity on the blade-shaped studs, higher impact peak with boots with round-shaped studs, with no differences in the contact time between the boots. Run with deceleration: No differences in linear velocity and impact peak between the boots, greater contact time on turf shoes, followed by round-shaped studs and blade-shaped studs. |
Boots for artificial lawn, boots with round-shaped studs, boots with blade-shaped studs. |
Queen et al.28
|
Task: Straight-line run and run with change of direction (180º) |
Pressure insoles |
Contact time; contact area; Pressure peak; Force-time integral of the forefoot regions; maximum vertical force. |
Higher force-time integral value on the side of the forefoot for boots with blade-shaped studs compared with turf shoes. No differences between boots with blade-shaped studs and boots with round-shaped studs for the variables analyzed. |
Boots with blade-shaped studs; boots with high round-shaped studs, boots with low round-shaped studs and boots for artificial lawns. |
Stefanyshyn et al.27
|
Task: Run with change of direction (45º) and (180º) |
Force platform; kinematic evaluation system |
Ankle: flexor-extensor torque, internal-external rotator torque and adductor-abductor torque. Knee: flexor-extensor torque, adductor-abductor torque, internal-external rotator torque |
Change of direction (45º): There was no influence of the footwear on each of the resulting torques in both the knee and the ankle. Change of direction (180º): greater internal-external knee and ankle rotator torque for the three boots compared with running shoes. No differences between the boots for the evaluated torques. |
Running shoes, boots with 12 round-shaped studs, boots with 6 round-shaped studs and boots with blade-shaped studs. |