Total body
|
Fehling et al. 2323 Fehling PC, Alekel L, Clasey J, Rector A, Stillman RJ. A comparison of bone mineral densities among female athletes in impact loading and active loading sports. Bone. 1995;17(3):205-10.
|
Volleyball and Gymnasstic > Swimming |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Lee et al. 2424 Lee EJ, Long KA, Risser WL, Poindexter HB, Gibbons WE, Goldzieher J. Variations in bone status of contralateral and regional sites in young athletic women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(10):1354-61.
|
No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Nichols et al. 2525 Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Bonnick SL, Gench B, DiMarco N. Relationship of regional body composition to bone mineral density in college females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(2):178-82.
|
No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass |
Taaffe et al. 2626 Taaffe DR, Snow-Harter C, Connolly DA, Robinson TL, Brown MD, Marcus R. Differential effects of swimming versus weight-bearing activity on bone mineral status of eumenorrheic athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10(4):586-93.
|
No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Taaffe et al. 2828 Taaffe DR, Robinson TL, Snow CM, Marcus R. High-impact exercise promotes bone gain in well-trained female athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(2):255-60.
|
Cohort 1: Gymnastic > Long distance running |
NA |
None |
Cohort 2: No differences between sports |
Matsumoto et al. 2727 Matsumoto T, Nakagawa S, Nishida S, Hirota R. Bone density and bone metabolic markers in active collegiate athletes: findings in long-distance runners, judoists, and swimmers. Int J Sports Med. 1997;28(06):408-12.
|
Judo > Long distance running and Swimming |
NA |
None |
Emslander et al. 2929 Emslander HC, Sinaki M, Muhs JM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Bryant SC, et al. Bone mass and muscle strength in female college athletes (runners and swimmers). Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;73(12):1151-60.
|
No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Bemben et al. 3131 Bemben DA, Buchanan TD, Bemben MG, Knehans AW. Influence of Type of Mechanical Loading, Menstrual Status, and Training Season on Bone Density in Young Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(2):220-6.
|
Gymnasstic > Long distance running |
NA |
Height |
Mudd et al. 3333 Mudd LM, Fornetti W, Pivarnik JM. Bone mineral density in collegiate female athletes: Comparisons among sports. J Athl Train. 2007;42(3):403-8.
|
Gymnasstic > Long distance running |
NA |
Body mass and menstrual status |
Gymnasstic, Softball, Athletics (sprinters) and |
Field Hockey > Swimming/Diving |
Carbuhn et al. 3434 Carbuhn AF, Fernandez TE, Bragg AF, Green JS, Crouse SF. Sport and training influence bone and body composition in women collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1710-7.
|
Basketball, Softball, Volleyball and Athletics (jumps and sprinters) > Swimming |
Basketball, Softball, Volleyball and Athletics (jumps and sprinters) > Swimming |
None |
Hirsch et al. 3636 Hirsch KR, Smith-Ryan AE, Trexler ET, Roelofs EJ. Body composition and muscle characteristics of division i track and field athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(5):1231-8.
|
NA |
Sprints/Hurdles, Jumps /High jump, Pole vault/Javelin > Throws |
None |
Sprints/Hurdles, Pole vault/Javelin > Heptathletes/Decathletes |
Stanforth et al. 3737 Stanforth D, Lu T, Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Crim BN, Stanforth PR. Bone mineral content and density among female NCAA division 1 athletes across the competitive season and over a multi-year time frame. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(10):2828-38.
|
No differences between sports |
Basketball > Swimming, Soccer, Volleyball and Athletics |
Body mass and race |
Nepocatych et al. 3838 Nepocatych S, Balilionis G, O’Neal EK. Analysis of dietary intake and body composition of female athletes over a competitive season. Monten J Sports Sci Med. 2017;6(2):57-65.
|
No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Sanfilippo et al. 4040 Sanfilippo J, Krueger D, Heiderscheit B, Binkley N. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution. Sports Health. 2019;11(5):453-60.
|
Football > Soccer and Field Hockey |
No differences between sports |
None |
Footbal, Wrestling, Soccer, Hockey, Basketball, Softball, Volleyball, Basketball, Track and field and Volleyball > Golf |
Fields et al. 4141 Fields JB, Gallo S, Worswick JM, Busteed DR, Jones MT. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and body composition in a diverse sample of women collegiate Indoor Athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020;5(32).
|
No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Umper limbs
|
fehling et al. 2323 Fehling PC, Alekel L, Clasey J, Rector A, Stillman RJ. A comparison of bone mineral densities among female athletes in impact loading and active loading sports. Bone. 1995;17(3):205-10.
|
Arms: Gymnastic > Volleyball and Swimming |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Lee et al. 2424 Lee EJ, Long KA, Risser WL, Poindexter HB, Gibbons WE, Goldzieher J. Variations in bone status of contralateral and regional sites in young athletic women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(10):1354-61.
|
Arms: No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Nichols et al. 2525 Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Bonnick SL, Gench B, DiMarco N. Relationship of regional body composition to bone mineral density in college females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(2):178-82.
|
Arms: No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass |
Taaffe et al. 2626 Taaffe DR, Snow-Harter C, Connolly DA, Robinson TL, Brown MD, Marcus R. Differential effects of swimming versus weight-bearing activity on bone mineral status of eumenorrheic athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10(4):586-93.
|
Arms: Gymnastic > Swimming: |
NA |
None |
Rourke et al. 3030 Rourke KM, Bowering J, Turkki P, Buckenmeyer PJ, Thomas FD, Keller BA, et al. Bone mineral density in weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing female athletes. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1998;10(1):28-37.
|
Forearm (radial): Swimming > Runners |
NA |
Body mass |
Carbuhn et al. 3434 Carbuhn AF, Fernandez TE, Bragg AF, Green JS, Crouse SF. Sport and training influence bone and body composition in women collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1710-7.
|
Arms: Basketball, Softball, Volleyball and Athletics (jumps and sprinters) > Swimming |
NA |
None |
Ackerman et al. 3535 Ackerman KE, Skrinar GS, Medvedova E, Misra M, Miller KK. Estradiol levels predict bone mineral density in male collegiate athletes: A pilot study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;76(3):339-45.
|
Forearm (radial): Wrestlers > Runners and Golf |
NA |
None |
Stanforth et al. 3737 Stanforth D, Lu T, Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Crim BN, Stanforth PR. Bone mineral content and density among female NCAA division 1 athletes across the competitive season and over a multi-year time frame. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(10):2828-38.
|
Arms: Basketball > Swimming, Soccer, Volleyball and Athletics |
NA |
Body mass and race |
Lower limbs
|
fehling et al. 2323 Fehling PC, Alekel L, Clasey J, Rector A, Stillman RJ. A comparison of bone mineral densities among female athletes in impact loading and active loading sports. Bone. 1995;17(3):205-10.
|
Legs: Volleyball and Gymnastic > Swimming |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Pelvis: Volleyball and Gymnastic > Swimming |
Lee et al. 2424 Lee EJ, Long KA, Risser WL, Poindexter HB, Gibbons WE, Goldzieher J. Variations in bone status of contralateral and regional sites in young athletic women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(10):1354-61.
|
Legs: No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Femur neck: No differences between sports |
Femur trochanter: No differences between sports |
Femur Ward’s: Basketball > Volleyball, Soccer and Swimming |
Pelvis: No differences between sports |
Nichols et al. 2525 Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Bonnick SL, Gench B, DiMarco N. Relationship of regional body composition to bone mineral density in college females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(2):178-82.
|
Legs: No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass |
Femur neck: No differences between sports |
Taaffe et al. 2626 Taaffe DR, Snow-Harter C, Connolly DA, Robinson TL, Brown MD, Marcus R. Differential effects of swimming versus weight-bearing activity on bone mineral status of eumenorrheic athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10(4):586-93.
|
Legs: Gymnastic > Swimming |
NA |
None |
Femur neck: Gymnastic > Swimming |
Femur trochanter: Gymnastic > Swimming |
Taaffe et al. 2828 Taaffe DR, Robinson TL, Snow CM, Marcus R. High-impact exercise promotes bone gain in well-trained female athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(2):255-60.
|
Femur neck: Cohort 1: Gymnastic > Runners |
|
None |
Cohort 2: Gymnastic > Swimming |
Emslander et al. 2929 Emslander HC, Sinaki M, Muhs JM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Bryant SC, et al. Bone mass and muscle strength in female college athletes (runners and swimmers). Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;73(12):1151-60.
|
Total proximal femur: No differences between sports |
|
None |
Rourke et al. 3030 Rourke KM, Bowering J, Turkki P, Buckenmeyer PJ, Thomas FD, Keller BA, et al. Bone mineral density in weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing female athletes. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1998;10(1):28-37.
|
Total proximal femur: No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass |
Femur neck: No differences between sports |
Femur trochanter: No differences between sports |
Femur Ward’s: No differences between sports |
Bemben et al. 3131 Bemben DA, Buchanan TD, Bemben MG, Knehans AW. Influence of Type of Mechanical Loading, Menstrual Status, and Training Season on Bone Density in Young Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(2):220-6.
|
Femur neck: Gymnasstic > Runners |
NA |
Height |
Total proximal femur: Gymnastic > Runners |
Femur trochanter: Gymnastic > Runners |
Femur ward’s: Gymnastic > Runners |
Mudd et al. 3333 Mudd LM, Fornetti W, Pivarnik JM. Bone mineral density in collegiate female athletes: Comparisons among sports. J Athl Train. 2007;42(3):403-8.
|
Pelvis: Gymnastic, Softball and Field Hockey > Swimming/Diving |
NA |
Body mass and Menstrual status |
Gymnastic, Softball, Field Hockey and Soccer > Runners |
Carbuhn et al. 3434 Carbuhn AF, Fernandez TE, Bragg AF, Green JS, Crouse SF. Sport and training influence bone and body composition in women collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1710-7.
|
Legs: Basketball, Softball, Volleyball and Athletics (jumps and sprinters) > Swimming |
NA |
None |
Pelvis: Basketball, Softball, Volleyball and Track and field > Swimming |
Ackerman et al. 3535 Ackerman KE, Skrinar GS, Medvedova E, Misra M, Miller KK. Estradiol levels predict bone mineral density in male collegiate athletes: A pilot study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;76(3):339-45.
|
Total proximal femur: Wrestlers > Runners and Golf |
NA |
None |
Femur neck: Wrestlers > Runners and Golf |
Stanforth et al. 3737 Stanforth D, Lu T, Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Crim BN, Stanforth PR. Bone mineral content and density among female NCAA division 1 athletes across the competitive season and over a multi-year time frame. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(10):2828-38.
|
Legs: Basketball > Swimming, Soccer, Volleyball and Athletics |
NA |
Body mass and race |
Pelvis: Basketball > Swimming, Soccer, Volleyball and Athletics |
Nepocatych et al. 3838 Nepocatych S, Balilionis G, O’Neal EK. Analysis of dietary intake and body composition of female athletes over a competitive season. Monten J Sports Sci Med. 2017;6(2):57-65.
|
Total proximal femur: No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Scerpella et al. 3939 Scerpella JJ, Buehring B, Hetzel SJ, Heiderscheit BC. Increased leg bone mineral density and content during the initial years of college sport. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(4):1123-30.
|
Legs: Soccer > Basketball and Field Hockey |
NA |
Age, gender, race and sport |
Fields et al. 4141 Fields JB, Gallo S, Worswick JM, Busteed DR, Jones MT. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and body composition in a diverse sample of women collegiate Indoor Athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020;5(32).
|
Hip: No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Trunk
|
Fehling et al. 2323 Fehling PC, Alekel L, Clasey J, Rector A, Stillman RJ. A comparison of bone mineral densities among female athletes in impact loading and active loading sports. Bone. 1995;17(3):205-10.
|
Torso: No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Lee et al. 2424 Lee EJ, Long KA, Risser WL, Poindexter HB, Gibbons WE, Goldzieher J. Variations in bone status of contralateral and regional sites in young athletic women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(10):1354-61.
|
Lumbar Spine (L2-L4): No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass and height |
Nichols et al. 2525 Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Bonnick SL, Gench B, DiMarco N. Relationship of regional body composition to bone mineral density in college females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(2):178-82.
|
Lumbar Spine (L2-L4): No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass |
Taaffe et al. 2626 Taaffe DR, Snow-Harter C, Connolly DA, Robinson TL, Brown MD, Marcus R. Differential effects of swimming versus weight-bearing activity on bone mineral status of eumenorrheic athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10(4):586-93.
|
Lumbar spine (L2-L4): No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Spine: Gymnastic > Swimming |
Thoracic Spine: No differences between sport |
Ribs: No differences between sports |
Taaffe et al. 2828 Taaffe DR, Robinson TL, Snow CM, Marcus R. High-impact exercise promotes bone gain in well-trained female athletes. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(2):255-60.
|
Lumbar spine (L2-L4):
|
NA |
None |
Cohort 1: Gymnastic > Runners |
Cohort 2: No differences between sports |
Emslander et al. 2929 Emslander HC, Sinaki M, Muhs JM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Bryant SC, et al. Bone mass and muscle strength in female college athletes (runners and swimmers). Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;73(12):1151-60.
|
Lumbar spine (L2-L4): No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Rourke et al. 3030 Rourke KM, Bowering J, Turkki P, Buckenmeyer PJ, Thomas FD, Keller BA, et al. Bone mineral density in weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing female athletes. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 1998;10(1):28-37.
|
Lumbar spine (L1-L4): No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass |
Bemben et al. 3131 Bemben DA, Buchanan TD, Bemben MG, Knehans AW. Influence of Type of Mechanical Loading, Menstrual Status, and Training Season on Bone Density in Young Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(2):220-6.
|
Lumbar spine (L2-L4): Gymnasstic > Runners |
NA |
Height |
Beals and Hill 3232 Beals KA, Hill AK. The prevalence of disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density among US collegiate athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006;16(1):1-23.
|
Lumbar spine (L1-L4): Field Hockey, Softball, Tennis, athletics (field events) > Diving, Cross-country, Swimming, athletics (sprinting events) |
NA |
Lean mass |
Mudd et al.2007 3333 Mudd LM, Fornetti W, Pivarnik JM. Bone mineral density in collegiate female athletes: Comparisons among sports. J Athl Train. 2007;42(3):403-8.
|
Lumbar spine: Gymnastic > Swimming/Diving |
NA |
Menstrual status and body mass |
Gymnastic and Softball > Runners |
Carbuhn et al. 3434 Carbuhn AF, Fernandez TE, Bragg AF, Green JS, Crouse SF. Sport and training influence bone and body composition in women collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1710-7.
|
Spine: Basketball, Softball, Volleyball and Track and field > Swimming |
NA |
None |
Ackerman et al. 3535 Ackerman KE, Skrinar GS, Medvedova E, Misra M, Miller KK. Estradiol levels predict bone mineral density in male collegiate athletes: A pilot study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;76(3):339-45.
|
Spine: Wrestlers > Runners and Golf |
NA |
None |
Stanforth et al. 3737 Stanforth D, Lu T, Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Crim BN, Stanforth PR. Bone mineral content and density among female NCAA division 1 athletes across the competitive season and over a multi-year time frame. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(10):2828-38.
|
Spine: No differences between sports |
NA |
Body mass and race |
Torso: Basketball > Swimming, Soccer, Volleyball and Athletics |
Nepocatych et al. 3838 Nepocatych S, Balilionis G, O’Neal EK. Analysis of dietary intake and body composition of female athletes over a competitive season. Monten J Sports Sci Med. 2017;6(2):57-65.
|
Lumbar spine (L1-L4): No differences between sports |
NA |
None |
Fields et al. 4141 Fields JB, Gallo S, Worswick JM, Busteed DR, Jones MT. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and body composition in a diverse sample of women collegiate Indoor Athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020;5(32).
|
Lumbar spine: No differences between sports |
NA |
None |