DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FORÇA DO CENTRO ABDOMINAL NOS ATLETAS DE GINÁSTICA AERÓBICA

rbme Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Rev Bras Med Esporte 1517-8692 1806-9940 Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte RESUMO Introdução: A ginástica aeróbica é um evento esportivo jovem e muito popular entre os chineses contemporâneos. O seu nível técnico é rapidamente desenvolvido quando praticada frequentemente. Objetivo: Estudar o desenvolvimento da força muscular no centro abdominal dos atletas profissionais de aeróbica. Métodos: Foram analisados os problemas e deficiências comuns no treinamento através de leitura sistemática, questionários, estatísticas matemáticas e outros métodos de pesquisa. O experimento foi realizado com 40 jovens atletas de ginástica aeróbica divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle. O condicionamento físico, força do centro abdominal e execução de movimentos foram testados antes e após a intervenção que durou 12 semanas. Os dados foram processados estatisticamente para análise e discussão. Resultados: Segundo os testes independentes de amostra-t nos dados, os valores-t dos três grupos de testes representaram 2.675, 2.971 e 2.804, respectivamente, o valor-t foi julgado sob intervalo de confiança de 95%, onde P<0. 05 foi obtido, confirmando uma diferença significativa entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle. A diferença média pode ser considerada como o resultado do treinamento de força do centro abdominal e do treinamento tradicional, a taxa média de melhoria do grupo controle foi de apenas 26,24% sobre a taxa de melhoria do grupo experimental. Conclusão: O valor médio do EMG mostrou-se superior no grupo experimental, relacionando diretamente um ganho na estabilidade das articulações, especialmente a estabilidade da articulação do tornozelo, que é exigida pelas técnicas específicas da aeróbica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. INTRODUCTION Aerobics is a young sports event, today, aerobics is very popular among young people in our country, aerobics is widely carried out, and its technical movement level develops very fast. In just 20 years, China has cultivated a large number of high-level competitive athletes, and its overall competitive strength has reached the ranks of world powers. However, basic strength training is the premise and guarantee for maintaining athlete's high-level competitive ability.1 Core strength training is the main content of basic strength training. In competitive aerobics, most of the power comes from the strength of the core area, and the strength of the limbs comes from the divergence and transmission of the strength of the core area, if the strength of the core area is weak, the power transmission will be interrupted, and the serving effect will be affected. At present, the research on core strength training in competitive aerobics projects mainly focuses on the impact of core strength training on the physical quality of athletes, while the specific impact of core strength training on the difficulty of competitive aerobics is less.2,3 METHOD Research object Research object: Experiment on the effect of core strength training on the difficulty of competitive aerobics group B. Subjects: The author took 40 young athletes of competitive aerobics training in a competitive aerobics training base as the experimental subjects. Research methods 1. Documentation After determining the research direction, the author conducted extensive searches on databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data Resource System, and Internet resources, at the same time, he consulted the relevant collections in the library of Shandong Normal University, and collected and sorted out the relevant papers, papers and articles related to the author's research. monographs, books, etc. 2. Experimental research method This experimental method adopts pre-test and post-test experiments, and randomly selects 40 young athletes of competitive aerobics from the Yuanyi competitive aerobics training base as the experimental objects, and randomly according to the standard of gender ratio of 1:1, the 40 people were divided into experimental group and control group, in order to ensure the effect of the experiment, the basic physical condition, core strength and the completion of the difficult movements of group B were pre-tested before the experiment.2 After the 12-week training period, post-experimental tests were conducted on the test athletes, all test scores of the two groups of young athletes, an expert group composed of three aerobics coaches from the training base was assessed according to unified rules, and all the test data were statistically analyzed to draw a final conclusion and put forward personal opinions.4,5 4. Mathematical Statistics For the relevant data obtained from the survey and test before and after the experiment, first, enter the Excel table for statistics, and use SPSS21.0 software to process the data. Ethical Compliance Research experiments conducted in this article with animals or humans were approved by the Ethical Committee and responsible authorities of Communication University of Zhejiang following all guidelines, regulations, legal, and ethical standards as required for humans or animals. RESULTS Physical condition test data analysis In order to ensure the scientificity of the experimental design and the universality of the experimental results, a physical condition test was conducted on 40 randomly selected and grouped young athletes, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 The analysis data of the physical condition of the two groups of young athletes. As can be seen from Figure 1 above, the 40 young athletes are all 16-18 years old, the average heights of the experimental group and the control group are 168.6cm and 169.67cm, and the average weights are 58.7kg and 57.60kg, respectively, the normal range of the National Student Physical Health Standard is basically the same.6 Core strength quality test Following the three core strength quality index testing methods designed in the previous chapter, 40 young athletes were tested after core strength training, the results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Test scores of young athletes. test group control group Numbering Level 5 side bridge Sixth grade up bridge Eight-level abdominal bridge Numbering Level 5 side bridge Sixth grade up bridge Eight-level abdominal bridge A01 25 40 100 B01 15 9 25 A02 15 25 100 B02 15 25 65 A03 25 40 65 B03 9 25 40 A04 9 25 40 B04 15 15 65 A05 25 40 100 B05 15 15 40 A06 25 40 100 B06 25 25 65 A07 25 15 65 B07 25 40 100 A08 25 25 65 B08 25 15 65 A09 25 40 100 B09 15 15 40 A10 25 15 40 B10 25 40 65 The core strength quality test scores of young athletes in Table 1, imported SPSS21.0 software for independent sample T-test mathematical analysis, and obtained the test analysis table of core strength quality of young athletes in Table 2. Table 2 Analysis of core strength quality test of young athletes. Test items Statistical data Test group Control group Data analysis Level 5 side bridge Number of samples 20 20 t=2.68 mean 21.2 16.6 df=38 standard deviation 5.46 5.41 sig=0.40 standard error of the mean 1.22 1.21 sig (bilateral)=0.011 Sixth grade up bridge Number of samples 20 20 t=2.97 mean 30.2 21.2 df=38 standard deviation 9.66 9.71 sig=0.57 standard error of the mean 2.16 2.17 sig (bilateral)=0.005 Eight-level abdominal bridge Number of samples 20 20 t=2.80 mean 73.5 54.5 df=38 standard deviation 21.77 21.08 sig=0.76 standard error of the mean 4.87 4.71 sig (bilateral)=0.008 As can be seen from Table 2, in the post-test of the experiment, there are significant differences in the mean and standard error of the test group and the control group in the test of the fifth-grade side bridge, the sixth-grade supine bridge and the eighth-grade abdominal bridge. When the software performs the Levene test of the variance equation on the two groups of data tested in the three groups, the test values sig of the fifth-level side bridge, the sixth-level vertical bridge and the eighth-level abdominal bridge are 0.397, 0.569 and 0.760, which are much larger than 0.05, it shows that the overall variance of the two independent samples from the experimental group and the control group in the comparison data center of the three groups of tests is homogenous. The software conducts independent sample t-test on the data, the t-values of the three groups of tests are 2.675, 2.971, and 2.804, respectively, for judge the t-value, t>t0.025 (38), the confidence interval is selected as 95%, and P<0.05 is obtained, it shows that there are significant differences between the experimental group and the control group at the 95% level, and the mean difference can be regarded as the result of core strength training and traditional training.7 As can be seen from Table 3, after 40 young athletes trained for a period of 12 weeks, compared with before the experiment, the test scores of the fifth-level side bridge, the sixth-level vertical bridge and the eighth-level abdominal bridge showed an upward trend, it shows that both training methods can enhance the core muscle group of young athletes. However, the improvement rates of the three groups in the experimental group were 41.33%, 69.94%, and 58.06%, respectively, and the corresponding improvement rates in the control group were 7.10%, 19.49%, and 17.84%, respectively, the average improvement rate of the control group was only 26.24% of the improvement rate of the experimental group, which is enough to prove that core strength training is more effective than traditional waist and abdominal training in improving the endurance and control of the front and side muscles of the core area, especially the eight In the abdominal bridge test, the difference in improvement points reached 18.75 points. Table 3 Comparison of data before and after the experiment. Test content Test group Control group Raise the difference Front side of experiment Back of the experiment Lift rate Front side of experiment Back of the experiment Lift rate level 5 side bridge 15.0 21.2 41.3% 15.5 16.6 7.1% 5.1 Sixth grade up bridge 17.8 30.3 69.9% 17.7 21.2 19.5% 9.0 Eight-level abdominal bridge 46.5 73.5 58.1% 46.3 54.5 17.8% 18.8 DISCUSSION The main reason for the difference is that in the training program of core strength, there are scientific aspects such as training method, exercise direction and exercise load.8 Comparing the movement directions, the core strength training design fully considers multi-dimensional movements such as oblique, lateral flexion, flexion and extension, and rotation, in contrast, traditional waist and abdomen training is mainly one-dimensional movement. Compared with exercise load, the core strength training load is lighter than the traditional waist and abdomen training, the Swiss ball, suspension belt and other training equipment are used to create unstable training interface conditions, emphasizing the transition between stability and instability, and cultivate the stability of young athletes, the ability to control, especially the large and small muscle groups around various joints, is more beneficial, so it can improve the performance of the core strength quality test.9 CONCLUSION Through the above experimental post-test and pre- and post-test comparative analysis, it can be concluded that the test results of the two groups of young athletes in the fifth-level side bridge, sixth-level vertical bridge and eighth-level abdominal bridge were tested by independent samples T-test, and the test scores of the three groups were 95%, there are significant differences in levels, and the mean difference can be seen as a result of core strength training and traditional training. Both training methods achieved the effect of enhancing the core muscle group of young athletes, and the improvement rates of the three groups in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. Before the core strength training, the overall core strength of the young athletes was weak, and the scores of the split-leg support rotation and right-angle support rotation were low when they completed the difficult movements of Group B, and they mostly stopped at 360 degrees of rotation, the number of people who completed the acute angle support and the horizontal support is very small, indicating that the core strength is insufficient and needs to be strengthened urgently. Both core strength training and traditional waist and abdominal training can enhance the core muscle group, but core strength training can more effectively improve the strength of the core area and prevent sports injuries. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Education Planning project of Zhejiang Province in 2022, Project No. is 2022SCG248, the title of project is “Research on the Relationship between College Student's Sports Aesthetic Tendency and Physical Exercise Behavior under the Ideological and Political Education Backgroud”. 2019 Senior Visiting Scholar program of Zhejiang Province, Project No. is FX2019032, the title of program is “The Relationship between Sports Aesthetic Tendency and Sports Exercise Behavior: a Chain Mediation Model of Sports Value Judgment and Internal Motivation of Sports Participation”. 2021 Scientific Research Promotion project of Communication University of Zhejiang For Young Teachers, Project No. is ZC21XJ027, the title of project is “The Development and Optimization Paths of Aesthetic Sports in University”. 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