E Van Caenegem et al., 20153838 Van Caenegem E, Wierckx K, Taes Y, Schreiner T, Vandewalle S, Toye K, et al. Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case-controlled study (ENIGI). Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;172(2):163-71.
|
Prospective |
n= 23 FtMs 27 ± 9 years |
Norway and Belgium |
T undecanoate 1000mg (sometimes preceded by progestogens) |
FtMs: 21.8nmol/L |
Grip strength |
12 months |
Increase in grip strength |
M Scharff et al., 20193939 Scharff M, Wiepjes CM, Klaver M, Schreiner T, t’Sjoen G, Den Heijer M. Change in grip strength in trans people and its association with lean body mass and bone density. Endocrine connections. 2019;8(7):1020-8.
|
Prospective |
n= 278 FtMs 23 (20-30) years n= 249 MtFs 28 (23-40) years |
Norway, Belgium, and Netherlands |
FtMs: T gel (50 mg), T esters (250 mg i.m) or T undecanoate (1000 mg i.m). MtFs: Cpa 50 mg, in combination with 2–4 mg oral estradiol valerate or 100 μg/24 h estradiol patch |
FtMs: 22 nmol/L MtFs: 0.6 nmol/L |
Grip strength |
12 months |
Increase grip strength in FtMs and decrease in MtFs |
E Van Caenegem et al., 20154040 Van Caenegem E, Wierckx K, Taes Y, Schreiner T, Vandewalle S, Toye K, et al. Preservation of volumetric bone density and geometry in trans women during cross-sex hormonal therapy: a prospective observational study. Osteoporosis International. 2015;26(1):35-47.
|
Prospective |
n= 49 FtMs 33 ± 12 years |
Norway and Belgium |
Estradiol valerate 4mg or transdermal estradiol 100mg, with cpa 50mg |
MtFs: 0.5 nmol/L |
Grip strength |
12/24 months |
Decrease grip strength in MtFs |
LJW Tack et al., 20184141 Tack LJ, Craen M, Lapauw B, Goemaere S, Toye K, Kaufman J-M, et al. Proandrogenic and antiandrogenic progestins in transgender youth: differential effects on body composition and bone metabolism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2018;103(6):2147-56.
|
Prospective |
n= 44 FtMs 16.2 ± 1.05 years n= 21 MtFs 16.3 ± 1.2 years |
Belgium |
FtMs: L 5-10 mg MtFs: Cpa 50 mg |
FtMs: 8.8 nmol/L MtFs: 0.8 nmol//L |
Grip strength |
FtMs:11.6 months MtFs:10.6 months |
Increase in FtMs and no difference in MtFs |
A Wiilk et al., 20204242 Wiik A, Lundberg TR, Rullman E, Andersson DP, Holmberg M, Mandić M, et al. Muscle strength, size, and composition following 12 months of gender-affirming treatment in transgender individuals. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2020;105(3):e805-e13.
|
Prospective |
n= 12 FtMs 25 years n= 11 MtFs 27 years |
Sweden |
GnRH antagonist with; FtMs: T undecanoate 1000 mg i.m. MtFs: Estradiol transdermally (1-2 mg as gel, or 100-200 mg with a patch), orally (4-8 mg), or i.m (80mg) |
Shown in graphic |
Knee extensor and flexor strength |
12 months |
Increase in FtMs and no difference in MtFs |
A. Muller et al., 20104343 Mueller A, Haeberle L, Zollver H, Claassen T, Kronawitter D, Oppelt PG, et al. Effects of intramuscular testosterone undecanoate on body composition and bone mineral density in female-to-male transsexuals. The journal of sexual medicine. 2010;7(9):3190-8.
|
Prospective |
n=45 FtMs 30.4± 9.1 years |
Germany |
T undecanoate 1,000 mg intramuscularly |
FtMs: 22.6 nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
12, 24 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
JW Jacobelt et al., 20074444 Jacobeit JW, Gooren LJ, Schulte HM. Endocrinology: long-acting intramuscular testosterone undecanoate for treatment of female-to-male transgender individuals. The journal of sexual medicine. 2007;4(5):1479-84.
|
Prospective |
n = 12 FtMs 33±6 years |
Germany and Netherlands |
T undecanoate 1,000 mg intramuscularly |
FtMs: 19.1 nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
12 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
JD Fernandes et al., 20164545 Fernandez J, Tannock L. Metabolic effects of hormone therapy in transgender patients. Endocrine Practice. 2016;22(4):383-8.
|
Retrospective |
n=19 FtMs (baseline) and 10 FtMs (end) 22.1 ± 6.9 years |
United States |
T intramuscularly (11 mg/day) |
Not shown |
Hb and Hct |
3-6, 6-18 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
JW Jacobelt et al., 20094646 Jacobeit J, Gooren L, Schulte H. Safety aspects of 36 months of administration of long-acting intramuscular testosterone undecanoate for treatment of female-to-male transgender individuals. European journal of endocrinology. 2009;161(5):795.
|
Prospective |
n=17 FtMs 34±7 years |
Germany and Netherlands |
T undecanoate 1,000 mg intramuscularly |
FtMs: 21.1 nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
6,12,18,24,30,36 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
R Abdala et al., 20184747 Abdala R, Nagelberg A, Silveira F, Otero P, Mormandi E. Short-term safety profile of cross-hormonal therapy in trans-male subjects. Medicina. 2018;78(6):399-402.
|
Retrospective |
n= 30 FtMs 27 years |
Argentina |
T undecanoate 1,000mg or T enanthate 250mg, or gel 1% (5g) |
FtMs: 22.1 nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
6-12 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
LJW Tack et al., 20164848 Tack LJ, Craen M, Dhondt K, Bossche HV, Laridaen J, Cools M. Consecutive lynestrenol and cross-sex hormone treatment in biological female adolescents with gender dysphoria: a retrospective analysis. Biology of sex Differences. 2016;7(1):1-11.
|
Retrospective |
n=37 FtMs 15.8 years |
Belgium |
L monotherapy in all participants, followed by L+T esters (50-125mg) in a subset of them (n=25) |
FtMs: 19.5 nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
6,12,18,24 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
IE Stoffers et al., 20194949 Stoffers IE, de Vries MC, Hannema SE. Physical changes, laboratory parameters, and bone mineral density during testosterone treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria. The journal of sexual medicine. 2019;16(9):1459-68.
|
Retrospective |
n=62 FtMs (baseline) and 15 FtMs (end) 16.5 years |
Netherlands |
GnRHa followed by T esters (250mg) |
FtMs: 13.9nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
6,12,24 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
J Jarin et al., 20175050 5Jarin J, Pine-Twaddell E, Trotman G, Stevens J, Conard LA, Tefera E, et al. Cross-sex hormones and metabolic parameters in adolescents with gender dysphoria. Pediatrics. 2017;139(5).
|
Retrospective |
FtMs: n=52 for Hct and 41 for Hb (baseline) n = 40 for Hct and Hb (end) 16 years MtFs: n=13 for Hct and Hb (baseline) n=12 for Hct and 13 for Hb (end) 18 years. |
United States |
FtMs: T subcutaneous at a dose of 25-100mg MtFs: Estrogen orally at 1-8 mg; or intramuscularly at 20-80 mg; or transdermally at 0.025-0.200 mg, with or without spironolactone (50-200mg) |
FtMs: 14.7nmol/L FtMs:6.9nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
1-3,4-6,6+ months |
FtMs: Increase in Hb and Hct MtFs: No difference in Hb and Hct |
K Wierckx et al., 20145151 Wierckx K, Van Caenegem E, Schreiner T, Haraldsen I, Fisher A, Toye K, et al. Cross-sex hormone therapy in trans persons is safe and effective at short-time follow-up: results from the European network for the investigation of gender incongruence. The journal of sexual medicine. 2014;11(8):1999-2011.
|
Prospective |
n=53 FtMs Ghent (27) 27.3 ± 8.5 years Oslo (26) 21.7 ± 5.1 years n=53 MtFs Ghent (47) 31.7 ± 14.8 years Oslo (6) 19.3 ± 2.4 years |
Belgium, Norway, and Italy |
FtMs: T undecanoate 1,000mg intramuscularly MtFs: 50 mg of cpa, with 4 mg of estradiol valerate or 100 μg/24 hours transdermal 17-β estradiol patch |
FtMs: 20.7nmol/L MtFs: 0.4nmol/L (oral) 0.5nmol/L (transdermal) |
Hct |
12 months |
FtMs: Increase in Hct MtFs: Decrease in Hct |
J Olson-Kennedy et al., 20185252 Olson-Kennedy J, Okonta V, Clark LF, Belzer M. Physiologic response to gender-affirming hormones among transgender youth. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2018;62(4):397-401.
|
Prospective |
n= 34 FtMs 18 years |
United States |
FtMs: T cypionate via subcutaneous. Two were on simultaneous GnRHa MtFs: 17 β estradiol (orally 1-6mg, or injectable 20-30mg) with or without spironolactone (100–200 mg orally) or a GnRH analog, and in some cases, the addition of progesterone. |
FtMs 18.5nmol/L MtFs 5.9nmol/L |
Hb |
24 months |
FtMs: Increase in Hb MtFs: Decrease in Hb |
JA SoRelle et al.,20185353 SoRelle JA, Jiao R, Gao E, Veazey J, Frame I, Quinn AM, et al. Impact of hormone therapy on laboratory values in transgender patients. Clinical chemistry. 2019;65(1):170-9.
|
Retrospective |
n=56 FtMs (baseline) n= 81 for Hb and 80 for Hct (end) 30 years n=73MtFs (baseline) n=105 for Hb and Hct(end) 33 years |
United States |
FtMs: T injections, ranging from 35 to 300 mg Oral estradiol 2-8 mg, with or without spironolactone |
FtMs: 22.3nmol/L MtFs: 1.9nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
6+ months |
FtMs: Increase in Hb and Hct MtFs: Decrease in Hb and Hct |
R Vita et al., 20181010 Vita R, Settineri S, Liotta M, Benvenga S, Trimarchi F. Changes in hormonal and metabolic parameters in transgender subjects on cross-sex hormone therapy: a cohort study. Maturitas. 2018;107:92-6.
|
Retrospective |
n=11 FtMs 25.1+3.7 years n=21 MtFs 25.2+7 years |
Italy |
FtMs: T enanthate or undecanoate MtFs: Estradiol valerate (2-6 mg/d) with or without cpa (50-100 mg/d). Three patients took progesterone. |
FtMs: 17nmol/L MtFs: 1.1nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
30 months (mean) |
FtMs: Increase in Hb and Hct MtFs: Decrease in Hb and Hct |
A Wiik et al., 20204242 Wiik A, Lundberg TR, Rullman E, Andersson DP, Holmberg M, Mandić M, et al. Muscle strength, size, and composition following 12 months of gender-affirming treatment in transgender individuals. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2020;105(3):e805-e13.
|
Prospective |
n=12 FtMs ]25+5 years n=11 MtFs 27+4 years |
Sweden |
GnRH antagonist with; FtMs: T undecanoate 1000 mg i.m.; MtFs: estradiol transdermally (1-2 mg as gel, or 100-200 mg with a patch), orally (4-8 mg), or i.m (80mg) |
Shown in graphic |
Hb |
12 months |
FtMs: Increase in Hb MtFs: Decrease in Hb |
A Mueller et al., 20075454 Mueller A, Kiesewetter F, Binder H, Beckmann MW, Dittrich R. Long-term administration of testosterone undecanoate every 3 months for testosterone supplementation in female-to-male transsexuals. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2007;92(9):3470-5.
|
Prospective |
n= 35 FtMs 29.6+ 8.9 years |
Germany |
T undecanoate 1,000 mg intramuscularly |
FtMs: 27.5nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
12 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
P Chandra et al., 20105555 Chandra P, Basra SS, Chen TC, Tangpricha V. Alterations in lipids and adipocyte hormones in female-to-male transsexuals. International journal of endocrinology. 2010;2010.
|
Prospective |
n=12 FtMs 29+9years |
United States |
T esters, cypionate or enanthate |
FtMs: 34.6nmol/L |
Hct |
12 months |
Increase in Hct |
C. Pelusi et al., 20145656 Pelusi C, Costantino A, Martelli V, Lambertini M, Bazzocchi A, Ponti F, et al. Effects of three different testosterone formulations in female-to-male transsexual persons. The journal of sexual medicine. 2014;11(12):3002-11.
|
Prospective |
n=45 FtMs 23.5 years |
Italy |
T gel, or undecanoate or esters |
FtMs: 20.5nmol/L (gel); 25.7nmol/L (esters); 21.3nmol/L (undecanoate) |
Hb and Hct |
12 months |
Increase in Hb and Hct |
LJw Tack et al., 20175757 Tack LJ, Heyse R, Craen M, Dhondt K, Bossche HV, Laridaen J, et al. Consecutive cyproterone acetate and estradiol treatment in late-pubertal transgender female adolescents. The journal of sexual medicine. 2017;14(5):747-57.
|
Retrospective |
n=27 MtFs 16.5 years |
Belgium |
Cpa (50mg) monotherapy for at least 6 months, and then incremental doses of estrogen |
MtFs: 5.82nmol/L |
Hb and Hct |
24 months |
Decrease in Hb and Hct |