ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Intermittent training can effectively promote better physical and psychological quality in athletes. Due to the great increase in aerobic gymnastics practice, interval training has also been gradually considered in the daily training of aerobic sports practitioners.
Objective:
Study the effects of the interference of high-intensity interval training interventions on strength quality and other physical indicators related to aerobic specialties.
Methods:
25 subjects participated in the experimental group, and 25 participated in the control group. The participants had 12 weeks of training, with one hour of physical training on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The training mode of the subjects in the experimental group was interval training, while the training mode of the subjects in the control group was daily training.
Results:
The results of long jump, push-up, 100m run, and 30m round-trip run in the experimental group increased by 17.59%, 23.63%, 17.83%, and 23.98%, respectively.
Conclusion:
Aerobic gymnastic athletes' physical quality can improve through high-intensity interval training. Thus, if the teaching method of intermittent training can be combined within a given period of classroom training, it will enable an efficient and diversified training method for teaching aerobic gymnastics more innovatively and diversely. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
Keywords:
High-Intensity Interval Training; Muscle Strength; Gymnastics
RESUMO
Introdução:
O treinamento intermitente pode promover efetivamente a uma melhor qualidade física e psicológica dos atletas. Devido ao grande aumento da prática de ginástica aeróbica, o treinamento intervalado também tem sido paulatinamente considerado no treinamento diário dos praticantes do esporte aeróbico.
Objetivo:
Estudar os efeitos da interferência das intervenções de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a qualidade da força e outros indicadores físicos relacionados às especialidades de aeróbica.
Métodos:
No grupo experimental participaram 25 sujeitos e 25 sujeitos no grupo de controle. Os participantes tiveram 12 semanas de treinamento com uma hora de treinamento físico na segunda, quarta e sexta-feira. O modo de treinamento dos sujeitos no grupo experimental foi o treinamento intervalado, enquanto o modo de treinamento dos sujeitos no grupo de controle foi o treinamento cotidiano.
Resultados:
Os resultados do salto em distância, flexão, corrida de 100m e corrida de 30m de ida e volta no grupo experimental aumentaram em 17,59%, 23,63%, 17,83% e 23,98% respectivamente.
Conclusão:
A qualidade física dos atletas de ginástica aeróbica pode ser melhorada através de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Desta forma, se o método de ensino do treinamento intermitente puder ser combinado dentro de um período determinado de treinamento em sala de aula, ele possibilitará um método de treinamento eficiente e diversificado para o ensino de ginástica aeróbica de forma mais inovadora e diversificada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
Descritores:
Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade; Força Muscular; Ginástica
RESUMEN
Introducción:
El entrenamiento intermitente puede promover eficazmente una mejor calidad física y psicológica en los atletas. Debido al gran aumento de la práctica de la gimnasia aeróbica, el entrenamiento por intervalos también se ha ido considerando gradualmente en el entrenamiento diario de los practicantes de deportes aeróbicos.
Objetivo:
Estudiar los efectos de interferencia de las intervenciones de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la calidad de la fuerza y otros indicadores físicos relacionados con las especialidades aeróbicas.
Métodos:
25 sujetos participaron en el grupo experimental y 25 sujetos en el grupo de control. Los participantes tuvieron 12 semanas de entrenamiento con una hora de entrenamiento físico los lunes, miércoles y viernes. El modo de entrenamiento de los sujetos del grupo experimental fue el entrenamiento por intervalos, mientras que el modo de entrenamiento de los sujetos del grupo de control fue el entrenamiento diario.
Resultados:
Los resultados de salto de longitud, flexiones, carrera de 100 m y carrera de 30 m ida y vuelta en el grupo experimental aumentaron un 17,59%, 23,63%, 17,83% y 23,98% respectivamente.
Conclusión:
La calidad física de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica puede mejorar mediante el entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad. Por lo tanto, si el método de enseñanza del entrenamiento intermitente puede combinarse dentro de un periodo determinado de formación en el aula, permitirá un método de entrenamiento eficaz y diverso para enseñar la gimnasia aeróbica de una forma más innovadora y diversa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Descriptores:
Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad; Fuerza Muscular; Gimnasia
INTRODUCTION
Intermittent training method can effectively improve the muscle strength and physical fitness of trainers, so it is widely used in the physical training of many competitive sports.11 Tabata I. Tabata training: one of the most energetically effective high-intensity intermittent training methods. J Physiol Sci. 2019;69(4):559-72. Because of the particularity of aerobics, in the daily training of college students majoring in aerobics, in addition to the learning and realization of professional aerobics movements, other aspects of their body functions, such as the improvement of muscle strength, are also very important.22 Douris PC, McDonald B, Vespi F, Kelley NC, Herman L. Comparison between Nintendo Wii Fit aerobics and traditional aerobic exercise in sedentary young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(4):1052-7. According to the research of relevant scientific theory and practical professional training experience, intermittent training can be applied to the daily training program of aerobics, which has a certain role in improving the physical function and strength quality of aerobics athletes.33 Gaetano R, Rago V. Preliminary study on effects of hiit-high intensity intermittent training in youth soccer players. J Phys Educ Sport. 2014;14(2):148-50. This is because the realization of aerobics requires athletes to have good muscle strength and muscle flexibility. Intermittent exercise is a kind of hypoxic exercise, which can increase the hemoglobin content in the body's red blood cells during exercise, and can also increase the rate of athletes' red blood cell production, and promote the improvement of the body's blood oxygen transmission capacity and oxygen carrying capacity.44 Leggate M, Carter WG, Evans MJC, Vennard RA, Sribala-Sundaram S, Nimmo MA. Determination of inflammatory and prominent proteomic changes in plasma and adipose tissue after high-intensity intermittent training in overweight and obese males. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012;112(8):1353-60. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring safety, it can stimulate the exercise potential of the body, enhance its ability to do work and enhance its aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity. Improve the muscle strength quality of aerobics athletes through intermittent training, and test the training effect and strength improvement degree of intermittent training for aerobics.55 Robertson EY, Saunders PU, Pyne DB, Gore CJ, Anson JM. Effectiveness of intermittent training in hypoxia combined with live high/train low. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;110(2):379-87. In a certain amount of classroom teaching time, if we can effectively improve the strength quality of students majoring in aerobics, it will provide more innovative and diversified efficient training methods for aerobics teaching. Based on the above reasons, this paper designed an intermittent training method for aerobics majors to intervene in the improvement of the strength quality of aerobics athletes.66 Brocherie F, Girard O, Faiss R, Millet GP. High-intensity intermittent training in hypoxia: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled field study in youth football players. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(1):226-37.
METHOD
Research object
This sports training research is based on the physical quality training and management model of aerobics major in a university, combined with the organization and project arrangement of its physical training, and randomly selected 50 freshmen and sophomores of aerobics major in this university as the target test objects of experimental intervention. The study and all the participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Hebei Sport University (NO.HEBU21-Z076). We divided them into two groups on average, 25 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group, and their basic physical indicators are shown in Table 1.
Research methods
This research has carried on the experimental analysis to the strength level quality of the aerobics major college students, specifically from the physical ability quality and the physical strength quality two indicators to carry on the quantitative measurement to their physical quality training effect. A total of 50 subjects in the experimental group and the control group need 12 weeks of training. Except for the differences in training methods, the other training programs of the two groups were consistent. The two groups of subjects carried out the same amount of physical training every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and each time they carried out 1h physical training. The training content included physical expansion training class and physical independence training. During the 1h training, the experimental group's training mode is intermittent training, while the control group's training mode is routine training. During intermittent training in the experimental group, real-time heart rate monitoring and strict control of interval rest time are required to prevent affecting the accuracy of experimental results; The control group did not strictly regulate the interval between groups, and the subjects could make timely adjustment according to their own physical conditions on the basis of completing basic training.
RESULTS
Influence of intermittent training on strength related physical fitness of aerobics majors
In view of the impact of intermittent training on the strength related physical fitness of the subjects, after 12 weeks of systematic training, all subjects in the experimental group and the control group conducted standing long jump, push up, pull up, 100m run and 30m round trip snake run and other strength related tests. The experimental data are shown in Table 2.
The Influence of Intermittent Training on the Strength related Physical Fitness of the Subjects.
By observing the data changes before and after the training intervention in Table 2, it can be seen that all the physical fitness indexes of the students in the experimental group and the control group have been improved. The results of standing long jump, push up, 100m run and 30m round trip snake run in the experimental group have been improved by 17.59%, 23.63%, 17.83% and 23.98% respectively. Among them, after intermittent training, the results of other events such as standing long jump, 100m run and 30m round trip snake run in the experimental group were significantly improved (P<0.05), except that the results of the pull up did not improve significantly (P<0.01). The results of push ups were significantly different before and after training (P<0.01).
The influence of intermittent training on the strength quality of college students majoring in aerobics
In order to explore the influence of intermittent training on the strength quality of the subjects, both groups conducted dynamic and static strength quality tests. In view of the impact of intermittent training on the dynamic strength quality of college students majoring in aerobics, all the subjects in the experimental group and the control group carried out the tests of continuous high five push ups, arm bending and stretching, supine double leg up, prone double leg up, continuous split leg jump, and continuous body jump. The experimental data and their comparison are shown in Table 3.
The Influence of Intermittent Training on the Dynamic Strength Quality of Research Objects (Unit: piece).
By observing the data before and after the training intervention in Table 3, it can be seen that the scores of the dynamic strength quality data of the students in the experimental group and the control group have changed to some extent. The dynamic strength test results of the experimental group were improved to varying degrees, including continuous high five push ups, supine arm flexion and extension, supine and leg two head rise, prone and leg two head rise, continuous split leg jump, and continuous body jump test results increased by 60.3%, 26.9%, 49.1%, 51.5%, 55.1% and 80.9% respectively. It can be seen from the analysis of p value that after intermittent training, compared with before training intervention, the results of continuous high fives push up and prone with leg up were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the results of four special items, namely, arm flexion and extension, supine with leg up, continuous split leg jump, and continuous body jump, were significantly improved (P<0.01). In the control group, except for the performance of lying on the back with two legs up, there was no significant improvement in the performance of the four items, namely, continuous high five push ups, supine arm flexion and extension, prone with two legs up, continuous split leg jump, and continuous body jump (P<0.5). Therefore, the experimental results show that, compared with the general routine training, the intermittent training has a more obvious and better effect on the improvement of the four aerobics special achievements of the aerobics majors, namely, the supine arm flexion and extension, the supine double leg rise, the continuous split leg jump, and the continuous body jump.
In view of the impact of intermittent training on the static strength quality of college students majoring in aerobics, all the subjects in the experimental group and the control group carried out the tests of push up and arm bending posture control, wall leaning handstand, prone posture plate support, ankle standing and wall leaning horse stance control, standing posture control left leg, and standing posture control right leg. The experimental data and their comparison are shown in Table 4.
The influence of interval training on the static strength quality of the research object (unit: s).
According to the data changes before and after the training in Table 4, the students in the experimental group and the control group have improved their static strength test scores to varying degrees, including 150%, 54.8%, 31.9%, 36%, 20.4% and 32.6% respectively in the push up bending arm posture control, wall leaning handstand, prone posture plate support, ankle standing and wall leaning horse stance control, standing posture control of the left leg, and standing posture control of the right leg. In the experimental group, compared with that before the intermittent training intervention, after the intermittent training, compared with that before the training intervention, the results of the experimental group in the prone position flat support and the standing posture control of the right leg were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the results of the push up bending arm posture control, standing against the wall handstand, standing ankle against the wall horse step control, standing posture control of the left leg were significantly improved (P<0.01), However, in the control group, only one item of standing against the wall was significantly improved (P<0.01). Although the other results of the control group before and after the routine training were improved, the results of the prone position plank support, standing posture control of the left leg and standing posture control of the right leg were not significantly improved, but the results of the push up and arm flexion posture control and the walking control of the standing ankle against the wall horse were significantly improved (P<0.5).
DISCUSSION
Intermittent training can keep the sports intensity within a certain range on the basis of improving the athletes' sports ability, and continuously maintain a higher intensity of stimulation to the body, thereby improving the athletes' lung breathing efficiency and the maximum value of the athletes' body muscle lactic acid tolerance, and improving the oxygen exchange rate of muscle cells in unit time, so as to achieve the effect of improving the athletes' muscle strength and cardiopulmonary capacity. During the training interval of daily aerobics training, keep the heart rate at a certain level for positive recovery, which is different from the complete rest state such as sitting and lying. During the interval, athletes need to carry out activities of lower intensity, which can improve the lactic acid metabolism ability of muscles, and also can stimulate the cardiopulmonary function of higher intensity. While the cardio pulmonary capacity of athletes can adapt to high-intensity training, it can strengthen the respiratory capacity and vital capacity of the body. During the interval of aerobics training, professional aerobics athletes can maintain medium and low intensity training, and at the same time, they can also enhance the muscle endurance and strength quality of the body.
CONCLUSION
Intermittent training is characterized by the alternation of exercise and rest in the process of physical training. The rest time between training is also known as the interval recovery phase. The rest time needs to be strictly controlled, and the length of time is regulated by the value of real-time heart rate. The intermittent training in this study uses the method of intermittent combination training to enable the research object to carry out fast and strenuous training activities, and at the same time, monitor the heart rate to regulate the intermittent rest time and training program intensity, so as to maximize the improvement of human function. The experimental results show that compared with general physical training, intermittent training has a significant effect on improving the physical fitness and performance of aerobics majors. At the same time, the effect of improving students' dynamic and static strength quality is more significant than that of general physical training. Therefore, in the follow-up aerobics teaching process, we can further improve the aerobics teaching plan by combining the advantages of intermittent training, and improve the overall quality and professional development of aerobics students.
REFERENCES
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1Tabata I. Tabata training: one of the most energetically effective high-intensity intermittent training methods. J Physiol Sci. 2019;69(4):559-72.
-
2Douris PC, McDonald B, Vespi F, Kelley NC, Herman L. Comparison between Nintendo Wii Fit aerobics and traditional aerobic exercise in sedentary young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(4):1052-7.
-
3Gaetano R, Rago V. Preliminary study on effects of hiit-high intensity intermittent training in youth soccer players. J Phys Educ Sport. 2014;14(2):148-50.
-
4Leggate M, Carter WG, Evans MJC, Vennard RA, Sribala-Sundaram S, Nimmo MA. Determination of inflammatory and prominent proteomic changes in plasma and adipose tissue after high-intensity intermittent training in overweight and obese males. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012;112(8):1353-60.
-
5Robertson EY, Saunders PU, Pyne DB, Gore CJ, Anson JM. Effectiveness of intermittent training in hypoxia combined with live high/train low. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;110(2):379-87.
-
6Brocherie F, Girard O, Faiss R, Millet GP. High-intensity intermittent training in hypoxia: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled field study in youth football players. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(1):226-37.
Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
27 Feb 2023 -
Date of issue
2023
History
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Received
30 Nov 2022 -
Accepted
14 Dec 2022
