Aplicação dos Modelos de Interação Atmosférica e de Incêndio Florestal BRAMS-SFIRE no sul de Portugal

Menezes, Isilda C.; Freitas, Saulo R.; Lima, Rafael S.; Fonseca, Rafael M.; Oliveira, Valter; Braz, Rodrigo; Dias, Susana; Surový, Peter; Ribeiro, Nuno Almeida

doi:10.1590/0102-77863630101

Isilda C. Menezes Autor de correspondência: Isilda da Cunha Menezes, isildacunhamenezes@gmail.com.

Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1111-5228

Saulo R. Freitas

Goddard Space Flight Center, Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, MD, United States of America.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-646X

Rafael S. Lima

Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-1764

Rafael M. Fonseca

Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-7133

Valter Oliveira

Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-8609

Rodrigo Braz

Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-5563

Susana Dias

Centro de Investigação para Valorização de Recursos Endógenos, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5163-8659

Peter Surový

Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-8661

Nuno Almeida Ribeiro

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de évora, Núcleo da Mitra, évora, Portugal.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-2808

Autor de correspondência: Isilda da Cunha Menezes, isildacunhamenezes@gmail.com.

Fuel models	Description
M1	thin pasture, dry and low, with height below the knee, completely covering the soil, with scrubland or trees covering less than 1/3 of the surface
M2	continuous pasture, thin, dry, and low, with scrubland or trees that cover 1/3 to 2/3 of the surface
M3	continuous and thick pasture (m ≥ 1), with 1/3 or more of dry grass
M4	scrubland or young trees, very dense, about 2 m high, with vertical and horizontal continuity
M5	dense scrubland with height less than 0.6 m, with slight load of leaves in the ground
M8	foliage in dense forest of conifers or hardwoods (no scrubland); the foliage forms a compact layer less than or equal to 5 cm
M9	foliage in dense forest of conifers or hardwoods (no scrubland); the foliage forms an airy layer with little compaction
M14	no fuel

BRAMS grid	64 km, 16 km, and 4 km resolution	1 km resolution	200 m resolution
Topography scheme	Silhouette orography	Silhouette orography	Silhouette orography
Lateral boundary conditions	Klemp/Wilhelmson	Klemp/Wilhelmson	Klemp/Wilhelmson
Shortwave radiation	Carma	Carma	Carma
Longwave radiation	Carma	Carma	Carma
Radiation trend update frequency (s)	900	900	900
Convective parameters	Grell 3D formulation	Not used	Not used
Convection frequency (s)	900	Not used	Not used
Shallow cumulus parameters	Grell/Deveny	Not used	Not used
Shallow cumulus frequency (s)	1,200	Not used	Not used
Microphysics (moisture level of complexity)	Complexity level 3 (*Flatau et al., 1989*FLATAU, P.J.; TRIPOLI, G.J.; VERLINDE, J.; COTTON, W.R. The CSU-RAMS cloud microphysics module: General theory and code documentation. Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, n. 451, p. 1-88, 1989.)	Complexity level 3 (*Flatau et al., 1989*FLATAU, P.J.; TRIPOLI, G.J.; VERLINDE, J.; COTTON, W.R. The CSU-RAMS cloud microphysics module: General theory and code documentation. Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, n. 451, p. 1-88, 1989.)	Complexity level 3 (*Flatau et al., 1989*FLATAU, P.J.; TRIPOLI, G.J.; VERLINDE, J.; COTTON, W.R. The CSU-RAMS cloud microphysics module: General theory and code documentation. Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, n. 451, p. 1-88, 1989.)
Surface model/soil/ vegetation	JULES (*Moreira et al., 2013*MOREIRA, D.S.; FREITAS, S.R.; BONATTI, J.P.; MERCADO, L.M.; ROSáRIO, N.M.é.; et al. Coupling between the JULES land-surface scheme and the CCATT-BRAMS atmospheric chemistry model (JULES-CCATT-BRAMS1.0): Applications to numerical weather forecasting and the CO2 budget in south America. Geoscientific Model Development, v. 6, p. 1243-1259, 2013.)	LEAF (*Walko et al., 2000*WALKO, R.L.; BAND, L.E.; BARON, J.; KITTEL, T.G.F.; LAMMERS, R.; et al. Coupled atmosphere - biophysics - hydrology models for environmental modeling. American Meteorological Society, v. 39, n. 6, p. 931-944, 2000.)	LEAF (*Walko et al., 2000*WALKO, R.L.; BAND, L.E.; BARON, J.; KITTEL, T.G.F.; LAMMERS, R.; et al. Coupled atmosphere - biophysics - hydrology models for environmental modeling. American Meteorological Society, v. 39, n. 6, p. 931-944, 2000.)
Turbulent diffusion coefficient	Mellor e Yamada (Mellor and Yamada, 1982MELLOR, G.L.; YAMADA, T. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Review of Geophysics and Space Physics, v. 20, n. 4, p. 851-875, 1982.)	Mellor e Yamada (Mellor and Yamada, 1982MELLOR, G.L.; YAMADA, T. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Review of Geophysics and Space Physics, v. 20, n. 4, p. 851-875, 1982.)	Isotropic deformation

Parameters	Ossa mountain range domain	Alcácer do Sal domain	Reguengos de Monsaraz domain
Resolution in x (m)	200	200	200
Resolution in y (m)	200	200	200
Latitude of grid center	38.734° N	38.354° N	38.368° N
Longitude of grid center	−7.543° W	−7.687° W	−7.589° W
Refinement of the fire grid in x in relation to the atmospheric grid	1	1	1
Refinement of the fire grid in y in relation to the atmospheric grid	1	1	1
fmoist_run	.true.	.true.	.true.
fmoist_interp	.true.	.true.	.true.
fmoist_only	.false.	.false.	.false.
fmoist_freq (s)	0	0	0
fmoist_dt (s)	30	30	30
Number of ignitions	3	2	2
Focus point 1 longitude	−7.492000° W	−8.643000° W	−7.585000° W
Focus point 1 latitude	38.724998° N	38.312000° N	38.356000° N
Focus point 2 longitude	−7.532000° W	−8.652000° W	−7.594000° W
Focus point 2 latitude	38.713001° N	38.310000° N	38.355000° N
Focus point 3 longitude	−7.589000° W
Focus point 3 latitude	38.734001° N
Ignition 1 radius (m)	15,000	15,000	15,000
Ignition 2 radius (m)	15,000	15,000	15,000
Ignition 3 radius (m)	15,000
Ignition 1 start time (s)	180	180	180
Ignition 2 start time (s)	180	180	180
Ignition 3 start time (s)	180
Propagation speed imposed on focus 1 (m s⁻¹)	7 (unrealistic, but imposed by CPU time constraints)	7 (unrealistic, but imposed by CPU time constraints)	7 (unrealistic, but imposed by CPU Time constraints)
Propagation speed imposed on focus 2 (m s⁻¹)	7 (unrealistic, but imposed by CPU time constraints)	7 (unrealistic, but imposed by CPU time constraints)	7 (unrealistic, but imposed by CPU time constraints)
Propagation speed imposed on focus 3 (m s⁻¹)	7 (unrealistic, but imposed by CPU time constraints)
fire_print_msg	1	1	1
fire_atm_feedback	1	1	1
fire_upwinding	Eno	Eno	Eno

\frac{a r e a \{(x, y) \in C_{j} : ψ (x, y) \leq 0\}}{a r e a (C_{j})} \approx β = \frac{1}{2} (1 - \frac{\sum_{k = 1}^{4} {ψ (x, y)}_{k}}{\sum_{k = 1}^{4} |{ψ (x, y)}_{k}|})

F (x, y, t) = \{\begin{matrix} β \int_{(x, y) \in ω (t)}^{} e^{- \frac{0.8514 (t - t_{i} (x, y))}{w (x, y)}} + [1 - β] \\ 1 o t h e r w i s e \end{matrix}

[1] Autor de correspondência: Isilda da Cunha Menezes, isildacunhamenezes@gmail.com.

Brasil

Brasil

Aplicação dos Modelos de Interação Atmosférica e de Incêndio Florestal BRAMS-SFIRE no sul de Portugal

Application of the coupled BRAMS-SFIRE Atmospheric and Fire Interactions Models to the South of Portugal

Resumo