A review of keratoconus diagnosis

Abstract

Objective:

To Perform a review on the diagnosis of keratoconus, focusing on the available propaedeutic methods.

Methods:

A search was performed in the PubMed database using the key words: Keratoconus, diagnosis, topography and tomography. As it is a review, there was no restriction regarding the publication period of the selected articles. Furthermore, both the preferred practice pattern(PPP) manual of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, as well as the website “eyewiki.aao.org” were used as reference. The project was submitted to the research ethics committee of the Federal University of São Paulo / UNIFESP / SP 2018 (# 2,568,770).

Results:

Out of the 641 papers found in PubMed, in adition to those used as a reference for PPP, 36 were selected while considered more relevant to the adopted theme. The website “eyewiki.aao.org” was used as a reference for the images.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis of keratoconus has evolved considerably since it was first described. It is desirable to diagnose it on the early stages due to its high potential of morbility. A possibility of an integration between the various diagnostic indices, genetic research, molecular biology and artificial intelligence is recommended for greater diagnostic accuracy.

Keywords:
Ectasia; Keratoconus; Corneal topography; Tomography; Biomechanics