The term "Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip - DDH" includes a wide spectrum of abnormalities in the immature hip, ranging range from subtle dysplasia to joint dislocation. The incidence of DDH is variable, and depends on a number of factors, such as geographical location. Approximately one in 1,000 newborn infants may present hip dislocation and 10 in 1,000 present hip instability. Brazil has an incidence of five per 1,000 in terms of the positive Ortolani signal, which is the early clinical signal for detecting the disorder. The risk factors for DDH include: female sex, Caucasian race, first labor, young mother, breech presentation on birth, family history, oligohydramnios , newborn with higher weight and height, and deformities of the feet or spine. Hip examination of the newborn should be routine, and should be emphasized in maternity units. In newborn infants and babies, the diagnosis of DDH is preeminently clinical and is carried out using the Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers. Conventional X-ray is of limited value for confirming the diagnosis of DDH in the newborn infant, and ultrasound of the hip is the ideal exam. The treatment of DDH is challenging, both for the pediatric orthopedist and for the general practitioner. The objectives of the treatment include early diagnosis, reduction of the articulation, and stabilization of the hip in a secure position. Classically, treatment options are divided according to the different age groups, at the time of diagnosis.
Hip; Hip; Hip dislocation; congenital hip deformity; Developmental bone disease
