Theory of mind |
Also known as “mentalizing abilities”, refers to the capacity to understand and attribute meaning to mental states in others and oneself. |
RMET1313. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I. The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42:241-51. The Hinting Task1414. Townsend J, Altshuler LL. Emotion processing and regulation in bipolar disorder: a review. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14:326-39. Adult Faux Pas1515. Phillips ML, Drevets WC, Rauch SL, Lane R. Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54:504-14. |
To be able to comprehend and infer someone else’s perspective in a social situation. ToM plays an important role in being able to detect irony, intentions, and desires in others and oneself. |
Attributional bias |
Concerns the tendency to explain the cause of events in terms of oneself, others, or in relation to a situation as a way of making sense of social events and interactions. |
AIHQ1616. Miskowiak KW, Seeberg I, Kjaerstad HL, Burdick KE, Martinez-Aran A, Del Mar Bonnin C, et al. Affective cognition in bipolar disorder: a systematic review by the ISBD targeting cognition task force. Bipolar Disord. 2019;21:686-719. IPSAQ1717. Penn DL, Ritchie M, Francis J, Combs D, Martin J. Social perception in schizophrenia: the role of context. Psychiatry Res. 2002;109:149-59. ASQ1818. Van Rheenen TE, Ganella EP, Bauer IE, Bartholomeusz CF. Characterization of social cognitive deficits on the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder spectrum: an overview of current evidence. Soc Cogn Psychosis. 2019;1:1-36. |
Jumping to the conclusion that someone who does not returning a phone call right away is angry at the caller; rather than simply unavailable. |
Emotional processing |
Refers to the ability to perceive (identify and recognize emotional displays from facial expressions) and to use and manage one’s own emotions. |
BLERT1919. Trope Y. Identification and inferential processes in dispositional attribution. Psychol Rev. 1986;93:239-57. FEDTER-402020. Corrigan PW, Green MF. The Situational Feature Recognition Test: a measure of schema comprehension for schizophrenia. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 1993;3:29-35. |
Important for identifying facial expressions in social contexts (e.g., being able to detect disappointment towards you in your partner’s face). |
Social perception |
The ability to identify, judge, and appropriately use social cues to make adequate judgments regarding social roles, rules, relationships, and the context of others. |
SCRT2121. Corrigan PW, Silverman R, Stephenson J, Nugent-Hirschbeck J, Buican BJ. Situational familiarity and feature recognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1996;22:153-61.,2222. Tracy A, Bauwens F, Martín F, Pardoen D, Mendlewicz J. Attributional style and depression: a controlled comparison of remitted unipolar and bipolar patients. Br J Clin Psychol. 1992;31:83-4. |
Being able to understand the relationship between people through social cues, e.g., boss and employee, by observing a brief conversation. |
Social knowledge |
Social knowledge (also called social schema) refers to the awareness of rules, goals, and the roles that characterize social situations that aid in social interactions. |
SFRT2121. Corrigan PW, Silverman R, Stephenson J, Nugent-Hirschbeck J, Buican BJ. Situational familiarity and feature recognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1996;22:153-61. |
Being aware of the social role of a doctor in a general clinic or the general goals of a customer who is talking to clerk at a store. |