Maller4343. Maller JJ, Thaveenthiran P, Thomson RH, McQueen S, Fitzgerald PB. Volumetric, cortical thickness and white matter integrity alterations in bipolar disorder type I and II. J Affect Disord. 2014;169:118-27.
|
31 BD31 HC |
43.29±9.1339.58±10.7 |
16/15/0 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
7 drug users (6.288) with BD-I/10 (5.738) with BD-II |
1.5 | 12 |
0/1,000 |
FMRI Diffusion toolbox/TBSS |
0.9x0.9x3 |
FA, AD, RD |
Widespread, significant FA differences between controls and all BD subjects, primarily along the CC, cingulum bundles, fornices, SLF, ILF/FOFs, thalami, and UF. Significant differences in FA and all its constituent values between controls and BD-I and BD-II subjects separately. |
Oertel-Knöchel3131. Oertel-Knöchel V, Reinke B, Feddern R, Knake A, Knöchel C, Prvulovic D, et al. Episodic memory impairments in bipolar disorder are associated with functional and structural brain changes. Bipolar Disord. 2014;16:830-45.
|
21 BD20 HC |
35.67±10.636.90±11.0 |
21/0/0 |
7.62 |
Euthymic |
N/A |
Mood stabilizers (n=21), antidepressants (n=9), neuroleptics (n=12), anxiolytics (n=3) |
3 | 60 |
0/1,000 |
TBSS FSL 4.1 |
3x3x3 |
FA, MD, RD, AD |
Patients with BD showed significantly higher MD, RD, and AD scores in comparison with HCs in the left superior longitudinal fascicle. FA scores were not significantly different between groups. |
Sarrazin2929. Sarrazin S, Poupon C, Linke J, Wessa M, Phillips M, Delavest M, et al. A multicenter tractography study of deep white matter tracts in bipolar I disorder: psychotic features and interhemispheric disconnectivity. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:388-96.
|
118 BD86 HC |
36.32±10.437.26±11.2 |
118/0/0 |
15.57 |
Euthymic |
25 alcohol |
Lithium (n=39), other mood stabilizers (n=64), antipsychotics (n=52), antidepressants (n=54) |
3 | 41 |
0 /1,000 |
Connectomist 2.0 and BrainVisa 4.2 |
2x2x2 |
GFA |
Compared with controls, BD-I patients had significant reductions in mean GFA values along the body and splenium of the CC, the left cingulum, and the anterior part of the left arcuate fasciculus when controlling for age, gender, and acquisition site. Patients with a history of psychotic features had a lower mean GFA value along the body of the CC than those without such a history. |
Oertel-Knöchel3030. Oertel-Knöchel V, Reinke B, Alves G, Jurcoane A, Wenzler S, Prvulovic D, et al. Frontal white matter alterations are associated with executive cognitive function in euthymic bipolar patients. J Affect Disord. 2014;155:223-33.
|
30 BD 32 HC |
39.22±12.339.22±10.3 |
30/0/0 |
10.2 |
Euthymic |
N/A |
8.30 (7.40) years of medication use |
3 | 60 |
0/1,000 |
FMRIB/MRIST/TBSS |
1x1x1 |
AD, RD, FA, MD |
Significantly lower FA values in BD patients than in controls. The CC tended to show lower FA and higher RD in BD patients compared with controls. The splenium and truncus showed significantly lower FA and the truncus showed higher RD in BD patients compared with controls. FA values were significantly reduced in BD patients in the right thalamic radiation and showed trend-level significance in the left ATR. |
Canales-Rodríguez4444. Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Radua J, Sarró S, Alonso-Lana S, Del Mar Bonnín C, et al. Structural abnormalities in bipolar euthymia: a multicontrast molecular diffusion imaging study. Biol Psychiatry. 2014;76:239-48.
|
40 BD 40 HC |
40.6±8.940.4±9.3 |
40/0/0 |
15.9 |
Euthymic |
Excluded |
39 mood stabilizers (n=39) or lithium alone in combination with others (n=30), valproate (n=2), lamotrigine (n=2), others (n=5); antidepressants (n=9). antipsychotics (n=22), combination (n=1) |
1.5 | 55 |
0/1,500 |
Brain Extraction Tool (FSL) |
2x2x3 |
FA, MD, PTO, GFA |
Significant reductions in FA were observed in the splenium of CC and right insula. There was a widespread pattern of increased MD in gray and WM tissues including anterior cingulum, left insula, and subcortical nuclei, without significant decreases in BD patients. Three of the contrasts (FA, mean diffusivity, and GFA) revealed abnormalities in subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, thalamus, and caudate nucleus. |
Ambrosi4040. Ambrosi E, Rossi-Espagnet MC, Kotzalidis GD, Comparelli A, Del Casale A, Carducci F, et al. Structural brain alterations in bipolar disorder II: a combined voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study. J Affect Disord. 2013;150:610-5.
|
20 BD21 HC |
41.95±13.134.61±10.8 |
0/20/0 |
12.6 |
Euthymic |
Excluded |
19 lithium (n=7), anticonvulsants (n=10), antidepressants (n=8), antipsychotics (n=10) |
1.5 | 12 |
N/A |
FSL/FMRIB/TBSS |
N/A |
FA |
Significant, widespread FA reduction in patients with BD-II compared with controls in all major WM tracts studied, including cortico-cortical association tracts, i.e., uncinate, inferior fronto-occipital, inferior longitudinal, and superior longitudinal fasciculi, interhemispheric tracts, as well as limbic tracts and parahippocampal tract. |
Emsell4545. Emsell L, Leemans A, Langan C, Van Hecke W, Barker GJ, McCarthy P, et al. Limbic and callosal white matter changes in euthymic bipolar I disorder: an advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography study. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:194-201.
|
35 BD43 HC |
44±1042±10 |
35/0/0 |
12 |
Euthymic |
7 alcohol users |
10 (7) years’ lithium use |
1.5 | 64 |
0/1,300 |
Explore DTI |
2.5x2.5x2.5 |
FA, MD, AD, RD |
Significant differences between patients and control subjects in FA, MD, and RD in the CC. In the fornix, significant differences were found in MD, AD, and RD. In all cases, anisotropy decreased and diffusivity increased in patients compared with controls. |
Leow4646. Leow A, Ajilore O, Zhan L, Arienzo D, GadElkarim J, Zhang A, et al. Impaired inter-hemispheric integration in bipolar disorder revealed with brain network analyses. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:183-93.
|
25 BD24 HC |
41.6±12.741.6±10.6 |
25/0/0 |
20.8 |
Euthymic |
N/A |
Valproic acid (n=7), carbamazepine (n=1), lamotrigine (n=3), antipsychotic (n=14), SSRI (n=8), antidepressants (n=5), benzodiazepines (n=3) |
3 | 64 |
0/1,000 |
DTI Studio |
1x1x1 |
FA, MD |
Statistically significant group differences in FA, in including the genu, body, and splenium of CC. There was no significant between-group difference in MD for any WM structure, as the genu exhibited higher MD values in the bipolar group. |
Torgerson5252. Torgerson CM, Irimia A, Leow AD, Bartzokis G, Moody TD, Jennings RG, et al. DTI tractography and white matter fiber tract characteristics in euthymic bipolar I patients and healthy control subjects. Brain Imaging Behav. 2013;7:129-39.
|
27 BD26 HC |
44.2±12.9 41.5±12.1 |
27/0/0 |
23.2 |
Euthymic |
13 alcohol users, 7 drug abusers |
Antipsychotics (n=16), anticonvulsants (n=15), antidepressants (n=14), benzodiazepines (n=5) |
3 | 64 |
0/1,000 |
TrackVis |
2x2x2 |
FA |
No differences in fiber FA between BD subjects and healthy controls, except for reduced FA in one of the corticospinal tracts (CST-R2). |
Benedetti4949. Benedetti F, Yeh PH, Bellani M, Radaelli D, Nicoletti MA, Poletti S, et al. Disruption of white matter integrity in bipolar depression as a possible structural marker of illness. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69:309-17.
|
40 BD 21 HC |
47.79±13.2 39.86±11.0 |
40/0/0 |
13.54 |
Euthymic |
Excluded |
Lithium (n=14) |
3 | N/A |
0/900 |
TBSS |
1.88x1.87x2.3 |
MD, FA, DI, RD |
Compared with control subjects, patients showed lower FA in the genu of the CC and in the anterior and right superior-posterior corona radiata. Higher radial diffusivity values were found in WM tracts of the splenium, genu and body of CC, right mid-dorsal part of the cingulum bundle, left anterior and bilateral superior and posterior corona radiata, bilateral SLF, and right posterior thalamic radiation. |
Wessa5555. Wessa M, Houenou J, Leboyer M, Chanraud S, Poupon C, Martinot JL, et al. Microstructural white matter changes in euthymic bipolar patients: a whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging study. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11:504-14.
|
22 BD 21 HC |
45.41±12.6 42.95±13.1 |
14/08/2 |
22 |
Euthymic |
Excluded |
Lithium (n=10), anticonvulsants (n=11), atypical antipsychotics (n=5) |
1.5 | 41 |
0/700 |
BrainVisa 3/TBSS |
1.88x1.87x2.3 |
MD, FA |
FA was significantly increased in BD patients relative to healthy controls in medial frontal, precentral, inferior parietal, and occipital WM. No group differences in mean diffusivity were found. |
Wang4141. Wang F, Kalmar JH, He Y, Jackowski M, Chepenik LG, Edmiston EE, et al. Functional and structural connectivity between the perigenual anterior cingulate and amygdala in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66:516-21.
|
33 BD 31 HC |
30.4±10.8 31.8±9.6 |
33/0/0 |
N/A |
10 manic/hypomanic, depression, 16 euthymic |
17 (13 alcohol and/or nine other substances, four other substances) |
Lithium (n=9), anticonvulsants (n=16), antipsychotics (n=14), antidepressants (n=12), benzodiazepines (n=7) |
3 | 32 |
0 /1,000 |
WFU Pick Atlas tool |
1.5x1.5x1.5 |
FA |
An association was found between pACC-amygdala functional connectivity measurements and the structural integrity of ventro-frontal WM, including the UF, where FA was significantly decreased in the BD group. |
Zanetti5050. Zanetti MV, Jackowski MP, Versace A, Almeida JR, Hassel S, Duran FL, et al. State-dependent microstructural white matter changes in bipolar I depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;259:316-28.
|
37 BD 26 HC |
34.1±9.1 28.8±9.5 |
37/0/0 |
11.6 |
16 depressed/21 remission |
Excluded |
Depression: lithium (n=6), valproate (n=6), lamotrigine (n=5), antipsychotics (n=8), antidepressants (n=7), benzodiazepines (n=6). Remission: lithium (n=6), valproate (n=2), carbamazepine (n=3), antipsychotics (n=11), antidepressants (n=9), benzodiazepine (n=4) |
3 | 6 |
0/850 |
BioImage Suite 2.0 |
1.6x1.6x3 |
FA, MD |
Significantly decreased FA and increased MD in bilateral prefronto-limbic-striatal WM and right inferior fronto-occipital, superior, and inferior longitudinal fasciculi were found in all BD-I patients vs controls and in depressed BD-I patients compared both to controls and to remitted BD-I patients. These findings suggest that depression in BD-I may be associated with acute microstructural WM changes. |
Mahon5656. Mahon K, Wu J, Malhotra AK, Burdick KE, DeRosse P, Ardekani BA, et al. A voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study of white matter in bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009;34:1590-600.
|
30 BD 38 HC |
33.4±8.7 31.9±8.6 |
25/2/3 |
N/A |
N/A |
11 alcohol or other substances |
All treated with antidepressants and/or mood stabilizers |
1.5 | 25 |
0/1,000 |
DTI Studio |
N/A |
AD, RD, FA |
Voxelwise analysis of WM revealed three regions with higher FA in the right and left frontal WM and one region of lower FA in the left cerebellum in BD patients compared to healthy volunteers. These findings suggest that, compared to healthy volunteers, adult patients with BD have higher FA in the bilateral frontal WM, corresponding approximately to fibers of the corticopontine/corticospinal tract and SLF, as well as superior thalamic radiation fibers. In addition, FA was lower in the left cerebellar WM, thus corresponding approximately to the pontine crossing tract, in patients compared to healthy volunteers. |
Versace4242. Versace A, Almeida JR, Hassel S, Walsh ND, Novelli M, Klein CR, et al. Elevated left and reduced right orbitomedial prefrontal fractional anisotropy in adults with bipolar disorder revealed by tract-based spatial statistics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65:1041-52.
|
21 BD 25 HC |
35.9±8.9 29.48±9.4 |
31/0/0 |
12.29 depressed/11.82 remitted |
14 depressed/17 remitted |
10 alcohol or other substances |
All medicated |
3 | N/A |
0/850 |
FSL/TBSS |
N/A |
N/A |
Subjects with BD had significantly greater FA in the left UF (reduced radial diffusivity distally and increased longitudinal diffusivity centrally), left optic radiation (increased longitudinal diffusivity), and right ATR (no significant diffusivity change), as well as significantly reduced FA in the right UF (greater radial diffusivity), vs. controls. Decreased FA was observed in the left optic radiation and in the right ATR among subjects with BD taking mood stabilizers vs. those with BD not taking mood stabilizers, as well as in the left optic radiation among depressed vs. remitted subjects with BD. |
Wang4848. Wang F, Jackowski M, Kalmar JH, Chepenik LG, Tie K, Qiu M, et al. Abnormal anterior cingulum integrity in bipolar disorder determined through diffusion tensor imaging. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;193:126-9.
|
BD 42 HC 42 |
32.6±10.1 28.7±9.1 |
42/0/0 |
N/A |
11 manic/hypomanic, 9 depressed, 22 euthymic |
N/A |
Lithium (n=11), anticonvulsants (n=20), antipsychotics (n=19), antidepressants (n=17), benzodiazepines (n=8), levothyroxine sodium (n=5) |
3 | 32 |
0/1,000 |
BioImage Suite |
N/A |
FA |
FA was significantly decreased in the anterior cingulum in the BD group compared with healthy controls; however, FA in the posterior cingulum did not differ significantly between groups. |
Wang4848. Wang F, Jackowski M, Kalmar JH, Chepenik LG, Tie K, Qiu M, et al. Abnormal anterior cingulum integrity in bipolar disorder determined through diffusion tensor imaging. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;193:126-9.
|
BD 33 HC 40 |
32±10.1 29.2±9.2 |
33/0/0 |
N/A |
7 manic/hypomanic, 7 depressed, 19 euthymic |
11 alcohol, 6 substance abuse, 3 other substances |
No medication (n=6), lithium (n=8), anticonvulsants (n=17), atypical antipsychotics (n=17), benzodiazepines (n=8) |
3 | 32 |
0/1,000 |
BioImage Suite |
N/A |
FA |
Using complementary ROI- and voxel-based DTI methods, the authors found decreased FA values in participants with BD compared to HCs in the anterior and middle CC subregions encompassing the genu, rostral body, and anterior portion of the mid-body. |
Bruno5151. Bruno S, Cercignani M, Ron MA. White matter abnormalities in bipolar disorder: a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study. Bipolar Disord. 2008;10:460-8.
|
BD 36 HC 28 |
39 |
25/11/0 |
13.8 |
N/A |
N/A |
Lithium (n=23), sodium valproate (n=3), carbamazepine (n=4), lamotrigine (n=3), neuroleptic (n=9) |
1.5 | 7 |
0/700 |
SPM2 |
N/A |
MD, FA |
In the patient group, mean diffusivity was increased in the right posterior frontal and bilateral prefrontal WM, while FA was increased in the inferior, middle temporal, and middle occipital regions. |