Suicide Crisis Inventory-2: factor structure, internal consistency, and validity in a Brazilian sample

Peper-Nascimento, Jefté; Rogers, Megan L.; Richards, Jenelle A.; Diaz, Alexandre Paim; Ceretta, Luciane B.; Keller, Gabriela S.; Quevedo, João; Galynker, Igor; Valvassori, Samira S.

doi:10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3366

Jefté Peper-Nascimento

Conceptualization

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Validation

Writing – original draft

Writing – review & editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-8744

Megan L. Rogers

Data curation

Formal analysis

Methodology

Writing – original draft

Writing – review & editing

Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA

Jenelle A. Richards

Conceptualization

Project administration

Software

Visualization

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Alexandre Paim Diaz

Methodology

Validation

Writing – review & editing

Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-6648

Luciane B. Ceretta

Funding acquisition

Resources

Visualization

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil

Gabriela S. Keller

Methodology

Validation

Writing – review & editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil

João Quevedo

Funding acquisition

Methodology

Resources

Supervision

Validation

Writing – review & editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil

Center for Interventional Psychiatry, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, TX, USA

Igor Galynker

Conceptualization

Funding acquisition

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Validation

Writing – review & editing

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Samira S. Valvassori

Conceptualization

Funding acquisition

Investigation

Methodology

Project administration

Validation

Supervision

Writing – review & editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-7742

Correspondence:
Samira S. Valvassori, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, CEP 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. E-mail: samiravalvassori@unesc.net

Disclosure JQ recives clinical research support from LivaNova; is a member of the speaker bureau with Myriad Neuroscience and AbbVie; is a consultant for EMS, Libbs, and Eurofarma; is a stockholder at Instituto de Neurociencias Dr. Joao Quevedo; and receives royalties from Artmed Editora, Artmed Panamericana, and Elsevier/Academic Press. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article: Peper-Nascimento J, Rogers ML, Richards JA, Diaz AP, Ceretta LB, Keller GS. Suicide Crisis Inventory-2: factor structure, internal consistency, and validity in a Brazilian sample. Braz J Psychiatry. 2024;46:e20233366. http://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3366

Handling Editor: Lucas Borrione

Characteristics
Gender
Cisgender man	637 (28.1)
Cisgender woman	1,601 (70.7)
Transgender man	1 (0.0)
Transgender woman	2 (0.1)
Nonbinary	11 (0.5)
Not sure	6 (0.3)
Decline to state	7 (0.3)
Age (M = 31.27, SD = 10.90, range = 18-70)
Marital status
Single/never married	882 (38.9)
Married	536 (23.7)
Separated	18 (0.8)
Divorced	59 (2.6)
Widowed	8 (0.4)
In a relationship	464 (20.5)
Cohabitating	298 (13.2)
Education
High school/equivalent	106 (4.7)
2-year college (diploma)	16 (0.7)
Some college	783 (34.6)
4-year college (bachelor’s degree)	662 (29.2)
Master’s degree	467 (20.6)
Doctoral degree	225 (9.9)
Did not complete high school	6 (0.3)
Lifetime suicidal ideation	1,281 (57.8)
Past-month suicidal ideation	597 (27.0)
Lifetime suicide attempt	242 (12.3)

Factor/item	One-factor model	Five-factor model
Entrapment
Item 2 - Did you feel there was no exit?	0.88	0.91
Item 4 - Did you feel yourself thinking that things would never change?	0.85	0.89
Item 15 - Did you feel trapped?	0.77	0.81
Item 19 - Did you feel that there were no good solutions to your problems?	0.87	0.91
Item 25 - Did you feel helpless to change?	0.84	0.88
Item 27 - Did you feel doomed?	0.84	0.87
Item 35 - Did you feel hopeless?	0.87	0.90
Item 39 - Did you feel that there was no way out?	0.91	0.94
Item 56 - Did you feel there is no escape?	0.89	0.92
Item 58 - Did you feel that the world was closing in on you?	0.86	0.90
Affective disturbances
Item 1 - Did you feel a sense of inner pain that had to be stopped?	0.88	0.89
Item 3 (R) - Did you enjoy being with your family or close friends?	0.36	0.37
Item 6 - Did you feel suddenly frightened to such an extent that you developed physical symptoms or had a panic attack?	0.82	0.84
Item 8 - Did you feel any unusually intense or deep negative feelings or mood swings directed towards someone else?	0.75	0.76
Item 10 - Did you feel you had lost your interest in other people?	0.75	0.77
Item 12 - Did you feel blood rushing through your veins?	0.85	0.87
Item 13 - Did you feel nervousness or shakiness inside?	0.83	0.85
Item 18 - Did you become afraid that you would die?	0.55	0.56
Item 22 - Did you feel strange sensations in your body or on your skin?	0.78	0.79
Item 28 (R) - Did you find pleasure in your hobbies and pastimes?	0.42	0.43
Item 30 - Did you feel that ordinary things looked strange or distorted?	0.80	0.82
Item 38 - Did you feel dissatisfied or bored with everything?	0.80	0.82
Item 43 - Did you feel that the urge to escape the pain was very hard to control?	0.90	0.91
Item 44 - Did you have a sense of inner pain that was too much to bear?	0.85	0.86
Item 45 - Did you feel any unusually intense or deep negative feelings or mood swings directed towards yourself?	0.87	0.88
Item 46 - Did you feel relentless, agonizing emotional pain?	0.90	0.92
Item 50 - Did you feel unusual physical sensations that you have never felt before?	0.70	0.72
Item 54 - Did you feel that your emotional pain was unbearable?	0.92	0.93
Loss of cognitive control
Item 5. Did you have a decreased ability to think, concentrate or make decisions, due to too many thoughts?	0.83	0.86
Item 11 - Did you feel bothered by thoughts that did not make sense?	0.84	0.86
Item 14 - Did you feel pressure in your head from thinking too much?	0.87	0.89
Item 17 - Did you feel that it was hard for you to stop worrying?	0.84	0.87
Item 26 - Did you want your troubling thoughts to go away but they wouldn’t?	0.92	0.94
Item 33 - Did you feel that ideas kept turning over and over in your mind and they wouldn’t go away?	0.89	0.92
Item 48 - Did you feel powerless to stop the thoughts that were upsetting you?	0.92	0.94
Item 51 - Did you feel your thoughts were racing?	0.86	0.89
Item 57 - Did you feel like you were getting a headache from too many thoughts in your head?	0.82	0.84
Item 59 - Did you feel that your head could explode from too many thoughts?	0.86	0.89
Item 61 - Did you have many thoughts in your head?	0.82	0.84
Hyperarousal
Item 7 - Did you feel you were constantly watching for signs of trouble?	0.77	0.80
Item 16 - Did you feel you wanted to crawl out of your skin?	0.85	0.88
Item 20 - Did you feel that most people could not be trusted?	0.67	0.69
Item 21 - Did you wake up from sleep tired and not refreshed?	0.70	0.73
Item 29 - Did you have trouble falling asleep because you were having thoughts that you could not control?	0.77	0.80
Item 32 - Did you feel that if you didn’t stay alert and watchful, something bad would happen?	0.66	0.69
Item 36 - Did you feel a lot of emotional turmoil in your gut?	0.70	0.73
Item 41 - Did you have temper outbursts that you could not control?	0.77	0.80
Item 42 - Did you have temper outbursts that you could not control?	0.64	0.67
Item 47 - Did you feel tensed or keyed up?	0.79	0.83
Item 49 - Did you feel so restless you could not sit still?	0.68	0.71
Item 53 - Did you feel easily annoyed or irritated?	0.80	0.83
Item 60 - Did you feel so stirred up inside you wanted to scream?	0.82	0.86
Social withdrawal
Item 23 - Did you feel isolated from others?	0.75	0.91
Item 31 - Did you feel you did not open up to members of your family/friends?	0.73	0.87
Item 40 - Did you push away people who care about you?	0.80	0.91
Item 52 - Did you interact less with people who care about you?	0.74	0.88
Item 55 - Did you evade communications with people who care about you?	0.81	0.92

Variable	2	3	4	5
1. Entrapment	0.82^* * p < 0.001.	0.69^* * p < 0.001.	0.69^* * p < 0.001.	0.61^* * p < 0.001.
2. Affective disturbance	-	0.79^* * p < 0.001.	0.81^* * p < 0.001.	0.70^* * p < 0.001.
3. Loss of cognitive control		-	0.69^* * p < 0.001.	0.57^* * p < 0.001.
4. Hyperarousal			-	0.62^* * p < 0.001.
5. Social withdrawal				-

	SCI-2 total	SCI-2 entrapment	SCI-2 affective disturbance	SCI-2 loss of cognitive control	SCI-2 hyperarousal	SCI-2 social withdrawal
SNI TB	0.41	0.40	0.42	0.33	0.36	0.45
SNI PB	0.60	0.60	0.59	0.51	0.55	0.50
SNI defeat	0.75	0.76	0.72	0.67	0.68	0.63
SNI entrapment	0.77	0.78	0.74	0.70	0.70	0.63
SNI humiliation	0.53	0.50	0.49	0.51	0.52	0.42
SNI perfectionism	0.27	0.25	0.24	0.27	0.28	0.21
SNI GD	-0.13	-0.14	-0.15	-0.10	-0.09	-0.13
SNI GR	0.44	0.45	0.44	0.37	0.39	0.37
SLEs in the past week	0.40	0.37	0.41	0.36	0.39	0.29
SLEs in the past 3 months	0.44	0.39	0.44	0.40	0.43	0.33
Lifetime SI	0.50	0.49	0.47	0.46	0.47	0.42
Past-month SI	0.54	0.56	0.55	0.48	0.48	0.39
Lifetime SA	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.28	0.31	0.25
Mean	92.76	15.03	26.44	20.71	21.89	8.70
SD	59.46	12.24	18.49	13.47	13.26	6.08
Range	0-228	0-40	0-72	0-44	0-52	0-20
Skewness	0.28	0.46	0.46	0.10	0.22	0.23
Kurtosis	-1.07	-1.03	-0.94	-1.25	-1.00	-1.10
Alpha	0.99	0.96	0.95	0.96	0.93	0.92

[1] Correspondence:
Samira S. Valvassori, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, CEP 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. E-mail: samiravalvassori@unesc.net

Brasil

Brasil

Suicide Crisis Inventory-2: factor structure, internal consistency, and validity in a Brazilian sample

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: