Weight gain |
|
|
|
ADIPOQ
|
|
|
|
Several5050. Jassim G, Ferno J, Theisen FM, Haberhausen M, Christoforou A, Havik B, et al. Association study of energy homeostasis genes and antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2011;44:15-20.
|
|
|
|
ADRA2A
|
Caucasian |
160 |
< 0.045 |
-1291C>G5151. Wang YC, Bai YM, Chen JY, Lin CC, Lai IC, Liou YJ. Polymorphism of the adrenergic receptor alpha 2a -1291C>G genetic variation and clozapine-induced weight gain. J Neural Transm. 2005;112:1463-8.
|
Taiwanese |
394 |
< 0.05 |
-1291C>G5252. Sickert L, Muller DJ, Tiwari AK, Shaikh S, Zai C, De Souza R, et al. Association of the alpha 2A adrenergic receptor -1291C/G polymorphism and antipsychotic-induced weight gain in European-Americans. Pharmacogenomics. 2009;10:1169-76.
|
Korean |
62 |
0.013 |
BDNF
|
|
|
|
rs6265/rs11030101/rs22911865353. Tsai A, Liou YJ, Hong CJ, Wu CL, Tsai SJ, Bai YM. Association study of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms and body weight change in schizophrenic patients under long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. Neuromolecular Med. 2011;13:328-33.
|
Taiwanese |
481 |
0.047 |
DRD2
|
|
|
|
rs44365785454. Hong CJ, Liou YJ, Bai YM, Chen TT, Wang YC, Tsai SJ. Dopamine receptor D2 gene is associated with weight gain in schizophrenic patients under long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2010;20:359-66.
|
Taiwanese |
479 |
0.001 |
957C>T, rs1079598, rs18004975555. Muller DJ, Zai CC, Sicard M, Remington E, Souza RP, Tiwari AK, et al. Systematic analysis of dopamine receptor genes (DRD1-DRD5) in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Pharmacogenomics J. 2012;12:156-64.
|
Caucasian and African American |
192 |
< 0.05 |
GNB3
|
|
|
|
825C>T5656. Wang YC, Bai YM, Chen JY, Lin CC, Lai IC, Liou YJ. C825T polymorphism in the human G protein beta3 subunit gene is associated with long-term clozapine treatment-induced body weight change in the Chinese population. Pharmacogene Genomics. 2005;15:743-8.
|
Chinese |
134 |
0.002 |
HTR2A
|
|
|
|
102T>C/His452Tyr/-1438A>G5757. Gunes A, Melkersson KI, Scordo MG, Dahl ML. Association between HTR2C and HTR2A polymorphisms and metabolic abnormalities in patients treated with olanzapine or clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29:65-8.
|
Caucasian |
46 |
0.034 |
HTR2C
|
|
|
|
-759C>T5858. Reynolds GP, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Polymorphism of the promoter region of the serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor gene and clozapine-induced weight gain. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:677-9.
|
Chinese |
32 |
< 0.02 |
-759C>T5959. Miller DD, Ellingrod VL, Holman TL, Buckley PF, Arndt S. Clozapine-induced weight gain associated with the 5HT2C receptor -759C/T polymorphism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005;133B:97-100.
|
most Caucasian |
35 |
0.003 |
-759C>T/-697G>C/Cys23Ser5757. Gunes A, Melkersson KI, Scordo MG, Dahl ML. Association between HTR2C and HTR2A polymorphisms and metabolic abnormalities in patients treated with olanzapine or clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29:65-8.
|
Caucasian |
46 |
0.029 |
rs4982076060. Opgen-Rhein C, Brandl EJ, Muller DJ, Neuhaus AH, Tiwari AK, Sander T, et al. Association of HTR2C, but not LEP or INSIG2, genes with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in a German sample. Pharmacogenomics. 2010;11:773-80.
|
Caucasian |
128 |
0.019 |
INSIG2
|
|
|
|
rs17587100, rs10490624, rs170477646161. Le Hellard S, Theisen FM, Haberhausen M, Raeder MB, Ferno J, Gebhardt S, et al. Association between the insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) and weight gain in a German sample of antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients: perturbation of SREBP-controlled lipogenesis in drug-related metabolic adverse effects? Mol Psychiatry. 2009;14:308-17.
|
Caucasian |
160 |
< 0.05 |
LEP
|
|
|
|
-2548G>A6262. Zhang XY, Tan YL, Zhou DF, Haile CN, Cao LY, Xu Q, et al. Association of clozapine-induced weight gain with a polymorphism in the leptin promoter region in patients with chronic schizophrenia in a Chinese population. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;27:246-51.
|
Chinese |
102 |
0.039 |
MC4R
|
|
|
|
rs80875226363. Chowdhury NI, Tiwari AK, Souza RP, Zai CC, Shaikh SA, Chen S, et al. Genetic association study between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and the melanocortin-4 receptor gene. Pharmacogenomics. 2013;13:272-9.
|
Caucasian |
69 |
0.027 |
rs4896936464. Malhotra AK, Correll CU, Chowdhury NI, Muller DJ, Gregersen PK, Lee AT, et al. Association between common variants near the melanocortin 4 receptor gene and severe antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69:904-12.
|
Caucasian |
73 |
0.0001 |
PRKAA2
|
|
|
|
rs107890386565. Souza RP, Tiwari AK, Chowdhury NI, Ceddia RB, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, et al. Association study between variants of AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic and regulatory subunit genes with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. J Psychiatr Res. 2012;46:462-8.
|
Caucasian |
208 |
0.023 |
PRKAB2
|
|
|
|
rs37665226565. Souza RP, Tiwari AK, Chowdhury NI, Ceddia RB, Lieberman JA, Meltzer HY, et al. Association study between variants of AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic and regulatory subunit genes with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. J Psychiatr Res. 2012;46:462-8.
|
Caucasian |
208 |
0.022 |
PRKAG2
|
|
|
|
rs17714947, rs78000695050. Jassim G, Ferno J, Theisen FM, Haberhausen M, Christoforou A, Havik B, et al. Association study of energy homeostasis genes and antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2011;44:15-20.
|
Caucasian |
160 |
< 0.02 |
ROBO1
|
|
|
|
rs14558326666. Vehof J, Al Hadithy AF, Burger H, Snieder H, Risselada AJ, Wilffert B, et al. Association between the ROBO1 gene and body mass index in patients using antipsychotics. Psychiatr Genet. 2011;21:202-7.
|
Caucasian |
164 |
0.025 |
TNF
|
|
|
|
-308G>A6767. Wang YC, Bai YM, Chen JY, Lin CC, Lai IC, Liou YJ. Genetic association between TNF-alpha -308 G>A polymorphism and longitudinal weight change during clozapine treatment. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010;25:303-9.
|
Chinese |
55 |
0.008 |
Metabolic syndrome |
|
|
|
HTR2C
|
|
|
|
Several6868. Mulder H, Franke B, van der-Beek van der AA, Arends J, Wilmink FW, Scheffer H, et al. The association between HTR2C gene polymorphisms and the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;27:338-43.
|
Caucasian |
112 |
0.01-0.05 |
rs14143346969. Mulder H, Cohen D, Scheffer H, Gispen-de Wied C, Arends J, Wilmink FW, et al. HTR2C gene polymorphisms and the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: a replication study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29:16-20.
|
Caucasian |
164 |
< 0.05 |
rs14143347070. Risselada AJ, Vehof J, Bruggeman R, Wilffert B, Cohen D, Al Hadithy AF, et al. Association between HTR2C gene polymorphisms and the metabolic syndrome in patients using antipsychotics: a replication study. The Pharmacogenomics J. 2012;12:62-7.
|
Caucasian |
164 |
0.015 |
rs521018/rs4981777171. Bai YM, Chen TT, Liou YJ, Hong CJ, Tsai SJ. Association between HTR2C polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics. Schizophr Res. 2011;125:179-86.
|
Chinese |
456 |
0.0108 |
MTHFR
|
|
|
|
1298A>C7272. van Winkel R, Rutten BP, Peerbooms O, Peuskens J, van Os J, De Hert M. MTHFR and risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2010;121:193-8.,7373. van Winkel R, Moons T, Peerbooms O, Rutten B, Peuskens J, Claes S, et al. MTHFR genotype and differential evolution of metabolic parameters after initiation of a second generation antipsychotic: an observational study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;25:270-6.
|
Caucasian |
104,518 |
0.009, 0.018 |
Lipid levels |
|
|
|
APOA5
|
|
|
|
1131T>C/S19W7474. Smith RC, Segman RH, Golcer-Dubner T, Pavlov V, Lerer B. Allelic variation in ApoC3, ApoA5 and LPL genes and first and second generation antipsychotic effects on serum lipids in patients with schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics J. 2008;8:228-36.
|
Caucasian, Hispanic and Black |
95 |
0.049 |
APOC3
|
|
|
|
1100C>T/32387474. Smith RC, Segman RH, Golcer-Dubner T, Pavlov V, Lerer B. Allelic variation in ApoC3, ApoA5 and LPL genes and first and second generation antipsychotic effects on serum lipids in patients with schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics J. 2008;8:228-36.
|
Caucasian, Hispanic and Black |
95 |
0.048 |
PRKAR2B
|
|
|
|
rs132246827575. Adkins DE, Aberg K, McClay JL, Bukszar J, Zhao Z, Jia P, et al. Genomewide pharmacogenomic study of metabolic side effects to antipsychotic drugs. Mol Psychiatry. 2011;16:321-32.
|
Caucasian |
175 |
< 0.0001 |
Agranulocytosis |
|
|
|
HLA
|
|
|
|
Several7676. Corzo D, Yunis JJ, Yunis EJ, Howard A, Lieberman JA. HSP70-2 9.0 kb variant is in linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-B and DRB1* alleles associated with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994;55:149-52.
|
Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish |
75 |
< 0.03 |
HSP-70 9.0-Ac7777. Corzo D, Yunis JJ, Salazar M, Lieberman JA, Howard A, Awdeh Z, et al. The major histocompatibility complex region marked by HSP70-1 and HSP70-2 variants is associated with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in two different ethnic groups. Blood. 1995;86:3835-40.
|
Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish |
75 |
0.04 |
DBQ102017878. Amar A, Segman RH, Shtrussberg S, Sherman L, Safirman C, Lerer B, et al. An association between clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in schizophrenics and HLA-DQB1*0201. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 1998;1:41-4.
|
Jewish |
18 |
0.036 |
B387979. Valevski A, Klein T, Gazit E, Meged S, Stein D, Elizur A, et al. HLA-B38 and clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in Israeli Jewish schizophrenic patients. Eur J Immunogenet. 1998;25:11-3.
|
Israeli |
11 |
0.001 |
DBQ05028080. Dettling M, Schaub RT, Mueller-Oerlinghausen B, Roots I, Cascorbi I. Further evidence of human leukocyte antigen-encoded susceptibility to clozapine-induced agranulocytosis independent of ancestry. Pharmacogenetics. 2001;11:135-41.
|
Caucasian |
103 |
0.006 |
6672G>C8181. Athanasiou MC, Dettling M, Cascorbi I, Mosyagin I, Salisbury BA, Pierz KA, et al. Candidate gene analysis identifies a polymorphism in HLA-DQB1 associated with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:458-63.
|
N/A |
33 |
< 0.05 |
NQO2
|
|
|
|
1536C>T, 1541G>A, Phe372Leu, 202G>A8282. Ostrousky O, Meged S, Loewenthal R, Valevski A, Weizman A, Carp H, et al. NQO2 gene is associated with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Tissue Antigens. 2003;62:483-91.
|
Israeli |
98 |
< 0.05 |
TNF
|
|
|
|
TNFb, TNFd8383. Turbay D, Lieberman J, Alper CA, Delgado JC, Corzo D, Yunis JJ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor constellation polymorphism and clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in two different ethnic groups. Blood. 1997;89:4167-74.
|
Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish |
33 |
0.0005 |
Seizures |
|
|
|
GNB3
|
|
|
|
825C>T3434. Kohlrausch FB, Salatino-Oliveira A, Gama CS, Lobato MI, Belmonte-de-Abreu P, Hutz MH. G-protein gene 825C>T polymorphism is associated with response to clozapine in Brazilian schizophrenics. Pharmacogenomics. 2008;9:1429-36.
|
Brazilian |
108 |
0.007 |
General ADRs
|
|
|
|
CYP1A2
|
|
|
|
Low activity8484. Ferrari M, Bolla E, Bortolaso P, Callegari C, Poloni N, Lecchini S, et al. Association between CYP1A2 polymorphisms and clozapine-induced adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2012;200:1014-7.
|
Caucasian |
34 |
0.019 |