Does the appointment of secretariesgeneral to lead global bureaucracies correlate with international power sharing? A longitudinal assessment based on empirical evidence from 1945 to 2016

Valente, Mario Schettino; Lopes, Dawisson Belém; Oliveira, João Paulo

doi:10.1590/0034-7329201900113

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Article • Rev. Bras. Polít. Int. 62 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201900113 copy

Does the appointment of secretariesgeneral to lead global bureaucracies correlate with international power sharing? A longitudinal assessment based on empirical evidence from 1945 to 2016

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper focuses on secretaries-general, given their relative centrality in international politics, as they embody the power to explore institutional and personal agendas, and enjoy the chance to seek prestige for a country or region. Through descriptive statistics, this article analyzes the distribution of secretaries-general per country, reaching some noteworthy findings, especially regarding sharp changes in recent years.

International Organizations; Secretaries-general; Institutional Politics; Multilateralism

Year	n_oig	n_e	i_con	Year	n_oig	n_e	i_con
1945	6	4	0.333	1981	28	19	0.321
1946	10	7	0.300	1982	28	19	0.321
1947	11	7	0.364	1983	28	18	0.357
1948	13	8	0.385	1984	28	17	0.393
1949	13	8	0.385	1985	27	16	0.407
1950	13	8	0.385	1986	28	18	0.357
1951	14	9	0.357	1987	28	18	0.357
1952	15	8	0.467	1988	29	18	0.379
1953	16	8	0.500	1989	30	19	0.367
1954	16	8	0.500	1990	30	21	0.300
1955	16	8	0.500	1991	30	19	0.367
1956	16	8	0.500	1992	30	18	0.400
1957	17	8	0.529	1993	30	19	0.367
1958	17	9	0.471	1994	31	19	0.387
1959	18	11	0.389	1995	31	18	0.419
1960	18	10	0.444	1996	32	19	0.406
1961	18	9	0.500	1997	34	19	0.441
1962	19	11	0.421	1998	34	22	0.353
1963	19	11	0.421	1999	34	22	0.353
1964	21	12	0.429	2000	34	22	0.353
1965	21	13	0.381	2001	34	23	0.324
1966	22	13	0.409	2002	35	24	0.314
1967	23	15	0.348	2003	35	25	0.286
1968	23	15	0.348	2004	35	25	0.286
1969	24	16	0.333	2005	35	26	0.257
1970	25	18	0.280	2006	35	26	0.257
1971	25	18	0.280	2007	35	26	0.257
1972	25	18	0.280	2008	35	26	0.257
1973	26	19	0.269	2009	35	26	0.257
1974	26	19	0.269	2010	36	26	0.278
1975	27	20	0.259	2011	37	26	0.297
1976	27	21	0.222	2012	37	26	0.297
1977	28	22	0.214	2013	37	24	0.351
1978	28	19	0.321	2014	37	23	0.378
1979	28	19	0.321	2015	37	21	0.432
1980	28	19	0.321	2016	37	23	0.378

RANKING	STATES	POSTS*YEAR

		ABSOLUT NUMBER	%
1	US	48	27.3%	79.5%
2	Switzerland	37	21.0%
3	Sweden	18	10.2%
4	UK	16	9.1%
5	France	11	6.3%
6	Belgium	10	5.7%
7	Norway	7	4.0%	20.5%
8	Canada	5	2.8%
9	Brazil	5	2.8%
10	Mexico	5	2.8%
11	Netherlands	5	2.8%
12	Argentina	4	2.3%
13	Ireland	3	1.7%
14	India	2	1.1%
TOTAL		176	100.0%
MEDIAN		6	3.4%
MEAN		12.57	7.1%

RANKING	STATE	POSTS* YEAR

		ABSOLUTE NUMBER	%
1	US	77	17.0%	79.6%
2	UK	48	10.6%
3	Switzerland	38	8.4%
4	France	33	7.3%
5	Netherlands	28	6.2%
6	Sweden	27	6.0%
7	Egypt	20	4.4%
8	Belgium	20	4.4%
9	India	16	3.5%
10	Brazil	15	3.3%
11	Chile	14	3.1%
12	Iran	13	2.9%
13	Italy	11	2.4%
14	Tunisia	11	2.4%	20.4%
15	Myanmar	10	2.2%
16	El Salvador	9	2.0%
17	Philippines	9	2.0%
18	Canada	8	1.8%
19	Lebanon	8	1.8%
20	Argentina	7	1.5%
21	Denmark	7	1.5%
22	Austria	6	1.3%
23	Venezuela	6	1.3%
24	Senegal	4	0.9%
25	Algeria	3	0.7%
26	Sri Lanka	3	0.7%
27	Saudi Arabia	1	0.2%
TOTAL		452	100.0%
MEDIAN		11	2.4%
MEAN		16.74	3.7%

RANKING	STATE	POSTS*YEAR

		ABSOLUTE NUMBER	%
1	US	121	20.6%		79.7%
2	France	61	10.4%
3	Australia	29	4.9%
4	Sweden	28	4.8%
5	Egypt	27	4.6%
6	Switzerland	25	4.3%
7	Denmark	22	3.8%
8	Canada	18	3.1%
9	Japan	17	2.9%
10	Philippines	17	2.9%
11	Algeria	16	2.7%
12	Lebanon	16	2.7%
13	Brazil	15	2.6%
14	India	15	2.6%
15	Nigeria	14	2.4%
16	Italy	13	2.2%
17	Senegal	13	2.2%
18	Pakistan	11	1.9%		20.3%
19	Spain	11	1.9%
20	Ghana	10	1.7%
21	Mexico	10	1.7%
22	Peru	10	1.7%
23	Belgium	9	1.5%
24	UK	9	1.5%
25	Austria	8	1.4%
26	Sri Lanka	7	1.2%
27	Chile	6	1.0%
28	Saudi Arabia	6	1.0%
29	Kuwait	5	0.9%
30	Tunisia	5	0.9%
31	Ecuador	3	0.5%
32	Ireland	3	0.5%
33	Fiji	2	0.3%
34	Finland	1	0.2%
35	Sudan	1	0.2%
36	Norway	1	0.2%
37	Argentina	1	0.2%
TOTAL		586		100.0%
MEDIAN		11		1.9%
MEAN		15.84		2.7%

RANKING	STATE	POSTS*YEAR

		ABSOLUTE NUMBER	%
1	US	61	14.7%	78.8%
2	France	43	10.3%
3	Japan	23	5.5%
4	Sweden	23	5.5%
5	Brazil	17	4.1%
6	Germany	16	3.8%
7	Argentina	15	3.6%
8	Italy	13	3.1%
9	Senegal	12	2.9%
10	Chile	11	2.6%
11	Egypt	11	2.6%
12	Fiji	11	2.6%
13	Saudi Arabia	10	2.4%
14	Ghana	10	2.4%
15	Sudan	10	2.4%
16	Canada	9	2.2%
17	Thailand	9	2.2%
18	India	8	1.9%
19	Morocco	8	1.9%
20	Tanzania	8	1.9%
21	South Korea	7	1.7%	21.2%
22	Greece	7	1.7%
23	Nigeria	7	1.7%
24	Algeria	6	1.4%
25	Portugal	6	1.4%
26	UK	6	1.4%
27	Norway	5	1.2%
28	Sierra Leona	5	1.2%
29	Ireland	4	1.0%
30	Netherlands	4	1.0%
31	New Zeeland	4	1.0%
32	Turkey	4	1.0%
33	Spain	4	1.0%
34	China	3	0.7%
35	Mali	3	0.7%
36	Kuwait	3	0.7%
37	Australia	2	0.5%
38	Pakistan	2	0.5%
39	South Africa	2	0.5%
40	Jordan	1	0.2%
41	Bulgaria	1	0.2%
42	Belgium	1	0.2%
43	Finland	1	0.2%
TOTAL		416	100.0%
MEDIAN		7	1.7%
MEAN		9.67	2.3%

RANKING	STATE	POST*YEAR

		ABSOLUTE NUMBER	%
1	France	24	9.3%	79.8%
2	US	23	8.9%
3	Japan	20	7.8%
4	China	15	5.8%
5	South Korea	15	5.8%
6	Kenya	14	5.4%
7	Portugal	13	5.0%
8	Nigeria	13	5.0%
9	Jordan	10	3.9%
10	Brazil	9	3.5%
11	South Africa	8	3.1%
12	Bulgaria	7	2.7%
13	Ghana	7	2.7%
14	Russia	7	2.7%
15	Turkey	7	2.7%
16	Australia	7	2.7%
17	New Zeeland	7	2.7%
18	Spain	6	2.3%	20.2%
19	Germany	6	2.3%
20	India	5	1.9%
21	Mali	5	1.9%
22	UK	5	1.9%
23	Chile	4	1.6%
24	Sweden	4	1.6%
25	Thailand	4	1.6%
26	Cameroon	3	1.2%
27	Sierra Leona	3	1.2%
28	Senegal	2	0.8%
29	Tanzania	1	0.4%
30	Saudi Arabia	1	0.4%
31	Finland	1	0.4%
32	Italy	1	0.4%
33	Norway	1	0.4%
TOTAL		258	100.0%
MEDIAN		7	2.7%
MEAN		7.82	3.0%

RANKING	STATE	POSTS*YEAR

		ABSOLUTE NUMBER	%
1	US	330	17.48%
2	France	172	9.11%
3	Sweden	100	5.30%
4	Switzerland	100	5.30%
5	UK	84	4.45%
6	Brazil	61	3.23%
7	Japan	60	3.18%
8	Egypt	58	3.07%
9	India	46	2.44%
10	Belgium	40	2.12%
11	Canada	40	2.12%
12	Italy	38	2.01%
13	Australia	38	2.01%
14	Netherlands	37	1.96%
15	Chile	35	1.85%
16	Nigeria	34	1.80%
17	Senegal	31	1.64%
18	Denmark	29	1.54%
19	Ghana	27	1.43%
20	Argentina	27	1.43%
Other 40 countries		501	26.54%
TOTAL		1888	100.0%
MEDIAN (all 60 countries)		15.5	0.8%
MEAN (all 60 countries)		31.47	1.7%

RANKING	STATE	POSTS*YEAR

		ABSOLUTE N.
1	Nigeria	18
2	Ghana	15
3	Kenya	14
4	Senegal	12
5	South Africa	10
6	Egypt	9
7	Tanzania	9
8	Mali	8
9	Morocco	8
10	Sierra Leone	8
11	Sudan	8
12	Algeria	6
13	Cameroon	3
TOTAL		128
MEDIAN		9
MEAN		9.85

Centro de Estudos Globais da Universidade de Brasília Centro de Estudos Globais, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília - DF - 70910-900 - Brazil, Tel.: + 55 61 31073651 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: rbpi@unb.br

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[TFN1] Source: Elaborated by the authors