Brazil’s policy toward Israel and Palestine in Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer’s administrations: have there been any shifts?

Vigevani, Tullo; Calandrin, Karina Stange

doi:10.1590/0034-7329201900109

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional

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Article • Rev. Bras. Polít. Int. 62 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201900109 copy

Brazil’s policy toward Israel and Palestine in Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer’s administrations: have there been any shifts?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper analyzes Brazil’s relationship with Israel and Palestine during the Rousseff (2011–2016) and Temer (2016–2018) administrations. We consider the political and economic crises in Brazil since 2014, and their consequences in foreign policy. Our question is whether there was room for changes, and we attempt to understand if there were conditions for a shift in Brazilian foreign policy for the Middle East. Therefore, our hypothesis is that in this specific period, besides public declarations, there were no deep changes. We conclude that foreign policy was conditioned by structural objectives, such as economic interests, the relationship with Arab and Jewish communities, and Brazilian international projection.

Brazil-Middle East relationship; Brazilian Foreign Policy; Foreign Policy Theory; Rousseff and Temer administrations

Year	Exports

	US$ FOB (A)	Var. %	Part. %
2000	55,118,919,865.00	0.00	100.0
2001	58,286,593,021.00	5.75	100.0
2002	60,438,653,035.00	3.69	100.0
2003	73,203,222,075.00	21.12	100.0
2004	96,677,498,766.00	32.07	100.0
2005	118,529,184,899.00	22.60	100.0
2006	13,780,749,531.00	16.26	100.0
2007	160,649,072,830.00	16.58	100.0
2008	197,942,442,909.00	23.21	100.0
2009	152,994,742,805.00	-22.71	100.0
2010	201,915,285,335.00	31.98	100.0
2011	256,039,574,768.00	26.81	100.0
2012	242,578,013,546.00	-5.26	100.0
2013	242,033,574,720.00	-0.22	100.0
2014	225,100,884,831.00	-7.00	100.0
2015	191,134,324,584.00	-15.09	100.0
2016	185,235,400,805.00	-3.09	100.0
2017	217,739,177,077.00	17.55	100.0

Year	Total

	US$ FOB (A)	Var. %	Part. %
2000	1,332,874,062.00	0.00	100.00
2001	2,030,018,456.00	52.30	100.00
2002	2,331,325,268.00	14.84	100.00
2003	2,806,788,319.00	20.39	100.00
2004	3,688,723,165.00	31.42	100.00
2005	4,288,485,185.00	16.26	100.00
2006	5,749,227,602.00	34.06	100.00
2007	6,399,444,251.00	11.31	100.00
2008	8,054,875,812.00	25.87	100.00
2009	7,522,058,404.00	-6.24	100.00
2010	10,525,090,352.00	39.37	100.00
2011	12,276,227,003.00	16.64	100.00
2012	11,527,799,212.00	-6.10	100.00
2013	10,953,966,932.00	-4.98	100.00
2014	10,419,241,225.00	-4.88	100.00
2015	9,957,388,310.00	-4.43	100.00
2016	10,146,219,035.00	1.90	100.00
2017	11,617,277,366.00	15.03	100.00

Year	Total

	US$ FOB (A)	Var. %	Part. %
2000	71,115,909.00	0.00	100.00
2001	137,978,778.00	94.02	100.00
2002	109,748,079.00	-20.46	100.00
2003	187,494,926.00	70.84	100.00
2004	213,848,268.00	14.06	100.00
2005	262,963,575.00	22.97	100.00
2006	272,531,387.00	3.64	100.00
2007	355,751,168.00	30.54	100.00
2008	398,566,381.00	12.04	100.00
2009	270,502,995.00	-32.13	100.00
2010	339,539,054.00	25.52	100.00
2011	498,524,655.00	46.82	100.00
2012	376,063,459.00	-24.56	100.00
2013	454,750,209.00	20.92	100.00
2014	409,868,900.00	-9.87	100.00
2015	380,751,042.00	-7.10	100.00
2016	424,969,873.00	11.61	100.00
2017	466,008,895.00	9.66	100.00

Year	Imports

	US$ FOB (B)	Var. %	Part. %
2000	55,850,663,138.00	0.00	100.00
2001	55,601,758,416.00	-0.45	100.00
2002	47,242,654,199.00	-15.03	100.00
2003	48,325,566,630.00	2.29	100.00
2004	62,835,615,629.00	30.03	100.00
2005	73,600,375,672.00	17.13	100.00
2006	91,350,840,805.00	24.12	100.00
2007	120,617,446,250.00	32.04	100.00
2008	172,984,767,614.00	43.43	100.00
2009	127,722,342,988.00	-26.17	100.00
2010	181,768,427,438.00	42.32	100.00
2011	226,246,755,801.00	24.47	100.00
2012	223,183,476,643.00	-1.35	100.00
2013	239,747,515,987.00	7.42	100.00
2014	229,154,462,583.00	-4.42	100.00
2015	171,449,050,909.00	-25.18	100.00
2016	137,552,002,856.00	-19.77	100.00
2017	150,749,452,949.00	9.59	100.00

Year	Total

	US$ FOB (B)	Var. %	Part. %
2000	1,560,817,910.00	0.00	100.00
2001	1,471,192,138.00	-5.74	100.00
2002	1,430,464,835.00	-2.77	100.00
2003	1,625,577,816.00	13.64	100.00
2004	2,314,974,469.00	42.41	100.00
2005	2,509,617,837.00	8.41	100.00
2006	3,165,031,095.00	26.12	100.00
2007	3,205,421,922.00	1.28	100.00
2008	6,230,649,560.00	94.38	100.00
2009	3,142,417,855.00	-49.57	100.00
2010	4,680,393,911.00	48.94	100.00
2011	5,142,458,111.00	31.24	100.00
2012	7,368,545,608.00	20.44	100.00
2013	7,999,674,707.00	-0.39	100.00
2014	5,313,448,749.00	8.57	100.00
2015	3,568,829,498.00	-33.58	100.00
2016	3,568,829,498.00	-32.83	100.00
2017	3,964,034,629.00	11.07	100.00

Year	Total

	US$ FOB (B)	Var. %	Part. %
2000	353,491,319.00	0.00	100.00
2001	414,458,262.00	17.25	100.00
2002	334,822,679.00	-19.21	100.00
2003	318,432,285.00	-4.90	100.00
2004	501,784,424.00	57.58	100.00
2005	468,502,644.00	-6.63	100.00
2006	473,742,016.00	1.12	100.00
2007	676,636,578.00	42.83	100.00
2008	1,221,318,874.00	80.50	100.00
2009	651,555,019.00	-46.65	100.00
2010	1,012,547,403.00	55.40	100.00
2011	904,459,570.00	-10.67	100.00
2012	1,143,548,175.00	26.44	100.00
2013	1,113,507,391.00	-2.63	100.00
2014	954,316,506.00	-14.30	100.00
2015	895,842,238.00	-6.13	100.00
2016	695,630,310.00	-22.35	100.00
2017	885,291,485.00	27.26	100.00

Centro de Estudos Globais da Universidade de Brasília Centro de Estudos Globais, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília - DF - 70910-900 - Brazil, Tel.: + 55 61 31073651 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: rbpi@unb.br

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[TFN1] Source: Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços 2018Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços – MDIC. Balança comercial brasileira: países e blocos. Brasília, DF: MDIC, 2018. Accessed July 31, 2018. https://bit.ly/2fGhSjh
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