Plantas da família Araceae para a malária e doenças relacionadas: uma revisão.

FRAUSIN, G.; LIMA, R. B. S.; HIDALGO, A. F.; MING, L. C.; POHLIT, A.M.

doi:10.1590/1983-084X/14_024

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REVISÃO • Rev. bras. plantas med. 17 (4) • Oct-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_024 copiar

Plantas da família Araceae para a malária e doenças relacionadas: uma revisão.

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

No presente trabalho realizamos uma revisão das espécies da família Araceae usadas para tratar malária e seus sintomas. O objetivo foi revelar o grande número de espécies da família usadas no mundo, assim como seu potencial como fontes de produtos naturais antimaláricos. Foram consultadas as plataformas de busca SciFinder Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google books. Encontramos quarenta e três registros de 36 espécies e 23 generos de Aráceas usadas para tratar malária e seus sintomas. Os generos neotropicais Philodendron Schott e Anthurium Schott foram os melhor representados, úteis para o tratamento da malária, febres, problemas hepáticos e dores de cabeça. Folhas e tubérculos foram as partes mais utilizadas, enquanto a decocção foi o método de preparo mais comum. Os extratos de espécies de Araceae inibem o crescimento in vitro do parasito da malária humana, Plasmodium falciparum Welch, e concentrações inibitórias medianas (CI₅₀) significativas foram relatadas para extratos de guaimbê-sulcado (Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott), aninga (Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott), Culcasia lancifoliaN.E. Br. e anchomanes do mato (Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl.), demonstrando o potencial antimalárico e citotóxico de extratos e subfrações. No único relato sobre os componentes antimaláricos dessa família, a neolignana polisiforina e o benzoperóxido rafidecurperoxina apresentaram forte inibição das cepas D6 e W2 de Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (CI₅₀ = 368-540 ng/mL). Nenhum estudo sobre a atividade antimalárica in vivo em modelo animal foi realizado com espécies da família Araceae. Mais trabalhos biomonitorados pela composição química sobre a atividade antimalárica in vitro, assim como estudos in vivo, são necessários para aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre potencial antimalárico da familia.

Palavras-chave:
Anthurium; Philodendron; Rhaphidophora decursiva; Plasmodium falciparum; planta antimalárica

Species	Local name	People, Region where used	Use	Part used	Preparation	Source
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don (APGIII 2009) [Name cited: Alocasia macrorrhiza(L.) Schott]	Habarala; Hoa Pouk	Sri Lanka; Bourapar District, Khammouane Province LAO	Malaria	Tuber	Boil 3 slices with 3 parts sugar cane and 7 whole grains of rice, drink.	Edirisinghe,1999EDIRISINGHE, S. Plant Based Antimalarials of the Indigenous Herbal Traditions of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka: National Science Foundation, 1999. 23p.; Shirayama et al., 2006SHIRAYAMA, Y. et al. Modern medicine and indigenous health beliefs: malaria control alongside "sadsana-phee"(animist belief system) in LAO PDR. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, v.37, p.622-629, 2006.
Amorphophallus bequaertii De Wilde	Mbandakabiri, Ikomalyakabiri	Africa	Malaria, fever	Tuber	Place fresh tuber in hot water, filter, use filtrate for rectal injection	Tshibangu et al., 2002TSHIBANGU, N.J. et al. Screening of African medicinal plants for antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.80, p.25-35, 2002.
Anchomanes difformis(Blume) Engl.	forest anchomanes	Benin, Côte d'Ivoire	Malaria, analgesic	Leaves, Rhizomes/Roots	-	Adjano cited in Bero et al., 2009BERO, J. et al. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in Benin in traditional medicine to treat malaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.122, n.3, 21, p.439 - 444, 2009.; Almeida et al., 2001ALMEIDA, R.N. et al. Plants with central analgesic activity. Phytomedicine, v.8, n.4, p.310-322, 2001.; Atindehou et al., 2004ATINDEHOU, K et al. Antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants from C^ ote d'Ivoire. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.90, p. 221-227. 2004.
Anthurium sp.		Ingano Macoa Amerindians, Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia	Fever sores	Sap	Caustic sap is applied directly on fever sores	Schultes & Raffauf, 1990
Anthurium uleanum Engl.		Secoya Amerindians, Amazonia	Headaches	Roots	Decoction	Schultes & Raffauf, 1990SCHULTES,R. E.; RAFFAUF,R.F. The healing forest: medicinal and toxic plants of the northwest Amazonia. Portland (USA): Dioscorides Press, 1990. v. 2, 484p. (based on Vickers 220); Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994.
Anthurium oxycarpum Poeppig	folha cheirosa; yeuri cumare	Indigenous Tacana, Bolivia	Malaria	Aerial parts	-	Deharo et al., 2001DEHARO, E. et al. A search for natural bioactive compounds in Bolivia through a multidisciplinary approach. Part V. Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of plants used by the Tacana Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.77, p.91-98, 2001.
Anthurium cf. tridigitatum	Mano, guaco de mata, tres dedos, corrientoso, deshinchador	Costa pacífica, Colombia	Rheumatic pain caused by malaria	Leaves	Macerated leaves rubbed over whole body	Blair & Madrigal, 2005BLAIR, S.; MADRIGAL, B. Plantas antimaláricas de Tumaco: Costa Pacífica colombiana. 1 ed., Medellin: University of Antioquia, 2005. 347p.
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott	-	Menomini and Iroquois tribes	Headaches	-	-	Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994.
Arum maculatum L.	Wild arum	Europe	Malaria	-	-	Zwinger, 1696, cited by Adams, 2011ADAMS, M. et al. Malaria in the renaissance: Remedies from European herbals from the 16th and 17th century. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.133 (2), p. 278-288, 2011.
Caladium bicolor Vent.	Pana, corazón de Jesús	Costa pacífica, Colombia	Swollen liver, liver tonic	Leaves	Boil 5-6 leaves in 1 L of water until ½ volume evaporated. Add lemon, allow to sit in morning dew. Drink 9 mornings before eating	Blair & Madrigal, 2005BLAIR, S.; MADRIGAL, B. Plantas antimaláricas de Tumaco: Costa Pacífica colombiana. 1 ed., Medellin: University of Antioquia, 2005. 347p.
Colocasia affinis Schott		Eastern Himalayan India	Febrifuge	Leaves		Prakash, 2005PRAKASH, K. C. Ethnomedicinal botany of the Apatani in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, v.1, p.1-8, 2005.
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott	Taro (saru)	Brazil	Malaria		-	Pravakar-Padhial, 2011PRAVAKAR, P.. Arum Family (Araceae): Taro, in: http://agriorissa.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/arum-family-araceae-taro.html. Access on 9/10/2011. http://agriorissa.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10...
Culcasia lancifolia N.E. Br.	-	Kele, Gabon	Fever		-	Lekana-Douki, et al., 2011LEKANA-DOUKI, J. B. et al. In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of nine plants traditionally used in Gabon. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.133, p.1103-1108, 2011.
Cyrtosperma johnstonii N.E. Br.	-	India	Headaches	Leaves, flowers, roots/ rhizome or whole plant	-	Gosling, 2001GOSLING, D. Religion and ecology in India and Southeast Asia. London: Routledge, 2001. 215p.
Dieffenbachia sp.	Patiquina	Loreto, Perú	Malaria	Leaves	-	Kvist et al., 2006KVIST, L.P. et al. Identification and evaluation of Peruvian plants used to treat malaria and leishmaniasis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.106, p.390-402, 2006.
Homalomena propingna [presumably Homalomena propinqua Schott]	Nyato	Muruts, Sabah, Malaysia	Chills	-	Heated, placed on forehead	Kulip, 2003KULIP, J. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and other useful plants of Muruts in Sabah, Malaysia. Telopea, v.10, n.1, p.81-98, 2003.
Homalomena rubra Hassk.	Lung bala	Kenya	Splenomegaly, malaria, rubefacient	Roots	Decoction	Leaman et al., 1995LEAMAN, D. A. et al. Malaria remedies of the Kenyah of the Apo Kayan, East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo: a quantitative assessment of local consensus as an indicator of biological efficacy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.49, p.1-16, 1995.
Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites	-	Vietnam	Malaria	Whole plant	-	Tran et al., 2003TRAN, Q. et al. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of antimalarial medicinal plants used in Vietnamese traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.86, n.2-3, p.249-252, 2003.
Monstera sp.	-	Achuar Jívaro, Peru	Liver pain	Leaves	Hot leaves applied to skin over the liver to alleviate pain	Lewis et al.,1977. cited by Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994.
Monstera deliciosa Liebm.	-	Brazil	Malaria	-	-	Brandão et al., 1985BRANDÃO, M. et al. Antimalarial experimental chemotherapyusing natural products. Ciência e Cultura, v.37, p.1152-1163,1985.
Monstera spruceana (Schott) Engl.	-	Achuar Jívaro, Peru	Liver	Leaves	Hot leaves applied to skin over the liver to alleviate pain	Lewis et al., 1977 cited by Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994.
Philodendron sp.	-	Indigenous Watorik Yanomami, Brazil	Malaria	Roots	Infusion of aromatic, aerial roots, oral	Milliken, 1997aMILLIKEN, W. Traditional antimalarial medicine in Roraima, Brazil. Economic Botany, v.51, n.3, p.212-237,1997a.
Philodendron sp.		Quichua, Ecuador	Hepatitis			Marles et al.,1988MARLES, R.J. et al. A contribution to the ethnopharmacology of the lowland quichua people of amazonian Ecuador. Revista da Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas e Naturales, v.16, n.63, p.111-120,1988.
Philodendron cf. deflexumPoepp. ex Schott	Taracua; bejuco agraz, meonomisi (Makuna), pijimacu (Yukuna); huncageme (Huaorani), u´cu (Secoya), ya´i (Siona); chuhudaek, itininga, pantorrilla	Brazil, Colombia (Indigenous Makuna), Ecuador, Peru	Fever	Roots	Softer pendant vines are macerated and drunk in cold water for fever	López et al. 2006LÓPEZ ,R. et al. Manual de identificación de especies no maderables del corregimiento de Tarapacá. Bogotá: Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas (SINCHI) - GTZ (Germany), 2006. 120p.
Philodendron fragantissimum (Hook.) Kunth	-	Tropical Americas	Liver pain relief	Leaves	Cold poultice of the plant placed over the liver, for pain. Leaves may also be heated	Lewis et al., 1977, cited by Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994.
Philodendron cf. linnaei Kunth	Cipo de tara, tracua; bejuco quemador; orejita de venado, ellapapar	Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Suriname (indigenous Tirios)	Malaria	Whole plant	Decoction of macerated plant for washings	López et al., 2006LÓPEZ ,R. et al. Manual de identificación de especies no maderables del corregimiento de Tarapacá. Bogotá: Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas (SINCHI) - GTZ (Germany), 2006. 120p.
Philodendron cf. linnaei Kunth	Tapi'Ykü	Wayapi, French Guiana	Fever associated with tabu	Leaves	Decoction for external washings	Grenand et al., 1987GRENAND, P. et al. Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane: Créoles, Wayãpi, Palikur. Paris: Orstom,1987. 569p.
Philodendron cf. uleanumEngl.	-	Mirana, Colombia	Malaria, fever	-	Infusion	Schultes & Raffauf, 1994SCHULTES, R.E.; RAFFAUF, R.F. De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale commentationes XXXIX febrifuges of northwest Amazonia. Harvard Pap In Bot 5: 50-68, 1994.
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Ten. ex Breitenb.	-	-	Intense fever	Rhizome	In mixture with Artemisia annua	Willcox et al., 2004WILLCOX, M. et al. Traditional herbal medicines for modern times-traditional medicinal plants and malaria. Boca Raton (USA): CRC press, 2004. 508p.
Pistia stratiotes L.	Tonflo	Maritime Region, Togo	Malaria	Whole plant	Decoction, taken orally	Koudouvo et al., 2011KOUDOUVO, K. et al. An ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Togo Maritime Region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.134, p.183-190, 2011.
Pothos ovatifolius Engl.	Aka malung	Kenya	Splenomegaly, malaria	Leaves	Poultice	Leaman et al., 1995LEAMAN, D. A. et al. Malaria remedies of the Kenyah of the Apo Kayan, East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo: a quantitative assessment of local consensus as an indicator of biological efficacy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.49, p.1-16, 1995.
Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott	- Guaimbê-sulcado	Brazil	Malaria	-	-	Zhang et al., 2001ZHANG, H. et al. Antimalarial compounds from Rhaphidophora decursiva. Journal of Natural Products, v.64, p.772-777, 2001.
Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott		Manokwari, (West Papua Province), Merdey, Wasior, Indonesia	Liver diseases	Leaves	-	Lense, 2011LENSE, O. Biological screening of selected traditional medicinal plants species utilized by local people of Manokwari, West Papua Province. Musantara Biocience, v.3, n.3, p.145-150, 2011.
Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott	Takbir gach	Bangladesh	Fever, pain	Leaves	Powdered leaves are drunk for 21 days	Rahmatullah et al., 2009RAHMATULLAH, M. et al. A survey of medicinal plants in two areas of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh including plants which can be used as functional foods. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, v.3, n.4, p.862-876, 2009.
Spathiphyllum floribundum (Linden & André) N.E. Br.	Madonna Lily	Indigenous Tukano and Gwanano (near the Papurf River), Southeast Colombia	Headaches	Fresh inflorescences	Placed directly on forehead	Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994.
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) W. Salisb.	-	Micmac Indians	Headaches	Leaves	Inhalation of volatile oils from ground leaves	Lewis & Elvin 1977, cited by Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994.
Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch & C.D. Bouché	-	-	For swollen liver after bouts of swamp or malaria fever	Leaves	Fresh leaves applied to body	Peckolt, 1893 and Uphof, 1959, cited by Croat, 1994CROAT, T.B. The use of the new world Araceae as drug plants. Journal of Japanese Botany, v.69, n.4, p.185-203, 1994..
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott	Taioba, taiá	Rio Manso-MG, Brazil	Malaria	-	-	Reskalla, 2001RESKALLA, A. Inhame, saúde como alimento e lucro como produto. Belo Horizonte: Estado de Minas/Agropecuário, p. 6-7, 2001., cited by Pedralli, 2002PEDRALLI, G. Dioscoreaceae e Araceae: aspectos taxonômicos, etnobotânicos e espécies nativas com potencial para melhoramento genético. In: SIMPÓSIO NACIONAL SOBRE AS CULTURAS DO INHAME E DO TARO II, 2002, João Pessoa. Resumo, João Pessoa: EMEPA-PB, 2002. v.2, 234 p.
Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch & C.D. Bouché) K. Koch	Tall elephant's ear	Costa Rica	Malaria	-	-	Chinchilla-Carmona et al., 2011CHINCHILLA-CARMONA, M. et al. Evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalarica de 25 plantas provenientes de una reserva de conservación biológica de Costa Rica. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, v.84, p.115-123, 2011.

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