Occurrence of anti-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and anti-<i>Neospora caninum</i> antibodies in pigs in the State of Pará, Brazil

Lopes, Leonardo Machado; Minervino, Antonio Humberto Hamad; Monger, Suellen da Gama Barbosa; Soares, Herbert Sousa; Portela, Juliana Machado; Ferreira, Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva; Gennari, Solange Maria; Pereira, Washington Luiz Assunção

doi:10.1590/S1984-296120201085

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 30 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-296120201085 copy

Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in pigs in the State of Pará, Brazil

Ocorrência de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em suínos no estado do Pará, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

We investigated the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies in pigs raised in the Northeast of Pará, Brazil. At Study I, convenience sampled 151 pigs at two slaughterhouses, with and without state inspection; and Study II, which assessed 159 pigs with probabilistic sampling from nine pig farms. Serological analysis was performed using indirect fluorescent antibody test for T. gondii and N. caninum with a cutoff of 64 and 50, respectively. Overall, 6.77% pigs were seropositive for T. gondii and 5.16% for N. caninum. In Study I, pigs slaughtered with and without state inspection presented similar occurrence for both coccidia (p>0.05). Study II found an association between N. caninum seropositivity and sludge discarded into the soil, feeding pigs with animal-based protein, subsistence system, and absence of nipple drinkers. No association was found for T. gondii. Pigs from Pará are a potential source of T. gondii infection to humans. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to report anti-N. caninum antibodies in the serum of pigs in Pará State, Brazilian Amazon.

Keywords:
Swine; coccidian; Brazilian Amazon; Toxoplasma gondii; Nespora caninum

Study	*Toxoplasma gondii*		*Neospora caninum*
Study	Positive/tested	%	Positive/tested	%
I	14/151	9.3	7/151	4.6
II	21/159	13.2	9/159	5.7
Overall	35/310	11.3	16/310	5.2

Age (months)	N	P	%	Titer
Age (months)	N	P	%	64	*256*	*512*	*2048*
<1^* * seropositivity in piglets less than 1 month is probably due to colostrum antibodies.	18	4	22.2	0	1	3	0
1	31	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	43	0	0	0	0	0	0
3	24	0	0	0	0	0	0
4	19	0	0	0	0	0	0
5	15	2	13.1	0	0	1	1
6	9	1	11.1	1	0	0	0
Total	159	7	46.4	1	1	4	1

Age (months)	N	P	%	Titer
Age (months)	N	P	%	50	*100*	*200*	*400*
<1^* * seropositivity in piglets less than 1 month is probably due to colostrum antibodies.	18	2	11.1	1	1	0	0
1	31	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	43	0	0	0	0	0	0
3	24	3	12.5	1	0	1	1
4	19	2	10.5	0	1	0	1
5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
6	9	2	22.2	2	0	0	0
Total	159	09	56.3	4	2	1	2

Variables	*N. caninum*
Variables	χ2	P-value	OR	95% CI
Swage release in the area	4.237	0.0395	5.476	1.246–24.069
Feed animal with meat residues from slaughterhouses	6.451	0.0111	7.913	1.582–39.562
Subsistence system	11.195	0.0008	10.469	2.547–43.02
Nipple drinkers	11.195	0.0008	0.095	0.023–0.392

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino. E-mail: ah.minervino@gmail.com.