Diversidade de riquétsias em carrapatos (Acari: Ixodidae) coletados de vertebrados silvestres em parte dos biomas Amazônia, Cerrado e Pantanal no Brasil

Prati, Anny Carolina; Maia, Maerle Oliveira; Martins, Thiago Fernandes; Morgado, Thaís Oliveira; Corrêa, Sandra Helena Ramiro; Mendes, Edson Junior Figueiredo; Ferraz, Rosa Helena dos Santos; Mudrek, Jessica Rhaiza; Strüssmann, Christine; Ramos, Dirceu Guilherme de Souza; Semedo, Thiago Borges Fernandes; Minetto, Make Kawatake; Aguiar, Daniel Moura de; Pacheco, Richard Campos; Melo, Andréia Lima Tomé

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 32 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612023059 copiar

Diversidade de riquétsias em carrapatos (Acari: Ixodidae) coletados de vertebrados silvestres em parte dos biomas Amazônia, Cerrado e Pantanal no Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Foram coletados carrapatos parasitando 102 animais silvestres nos estados de Mato Grosso e Goiás, Brasil, entre 2015 e 2018. Um total de 2338 carrapatos (865 machos, 541 fêmeas, 823 ninfas e 109 larvas) pertencentes a quatro gêneros (Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis e Rhipicephalus) e pelo menos 21 espécies foram identificadas. A extração de DNA e pesquisa molecular para agentes riquétsiais foram realizadas em 650 carrapatos. Os resultados revelaram parasitismo pelas seguintes espécies: Rickettsia amblyommatis em Amblyomma cajennense s.s., A. cajennense s.l., Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma humerale, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma nodosum, Amblyomma scalpturatum, Amblyomma sculptum e Amblyomma romitii; Rickettsia parkeri em Amblyomma nodosum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma scalpturatum e Amblyomma triste; Rickettsia rhipicephali em Haemaphysalis juxtakochi; Rickettsia sp. em A. cajennense s.s., A. nodosum e A. sculptum e, por último, ‘Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae’ em Amblyomma parvum e Rhipicephalus microplus. Este estudo amplia o conhecimento sobre o parasitismo de carrapatos em animais silvestres, incluindo-se novos dados sobre associações carrapato-hospedeiro. Fornece, ainda, informações sobre a epidemiologia de patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

Palavras-chave:
Animais selvagens; Ixodidae; Rickettsiae; doenças transmitidas por carrapatos

Hosts (n. of specimens when >1)	Origin (Year)	Municipality (State)	Species (n. of collected ticks)
ORDER CARIAMIFORMES
Cariama cristata (2)	FL (2017)	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma sculptum (4M, 6F, 24N)

ORDER ANURA
Rhinella diptycha (2)	FL (2017)	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma rotundatum (7F, 14N)
R. diptycha (2)	FL (2017)	Jataí (GO)	A. rotundatum (5F)

ORDER TESTUDINES
Chelonoidis carbonarius	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. rotundatum (2F)
Chelonoidis denticulatus	FL (2017)	Apiacás (MT)	Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (s.s.) (1F), Amblyomma humerale (9M, 1N), A. rotundatum (1F)
C. denticulatus	FL (2017)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. rotundatum (3F)
Phrynops geoffroanus	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. sculptum (2M, 1F)

ORDER CROCODYLIA
Caiman yacare	FL (2015)	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma dissimile (1M, 2F)
Paleosuchus palpebrosus (2)	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (1F), A. rotundatum (1F)

ORDER SQUAMATA
Suborder Sauria
Iguana iguana	FL (2015)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (19M, 23F, 8N), Amblyomma sp. (1L)
I. iguana (2)	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (7M, 1F)
I. iguana	FL (2017)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (2M, 1F)
I. iguana (2)	FL (2018)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (17M, 5F, 5N), Amblyomma sp. (2L)
Tupinambis sp.	FL (2015)	Poconé (MT)	A. rotundatum (6N), Amblyomma sp. (4L)

Suborder Serpentes
Boa constrictor	FL (2015)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (84M, 50F, 133N)
B. constrictor	FL (2017)	Jataí (GO)	A. rotundatum (3F)
B. constrictor (2)	FL (2018)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (5M, 2F)
B. constrictor	FL (2018)	Poconé (MT)	A. dissimile (16M, 5N)
Bothrops mattogrossensis	FL (2016)	Poconé (MT)	A. dissimile (2F)
Eunectes notaeus	FL (2015)	Poconé (MT)	A. dissimile (3M, 2F)

ORDER ARTIODACTYLA
Mazama americana	FL (2016)	Colniza (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (1F, 22N), Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (1F), Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (3F, 1N)
Subulo gouazoubira	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. sculptum (22N^a a Reared from nymphs (n= 22) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 11 males, 11 females); )
S. gouazoubira	FL (2016)	Várzea Grande (MT)	Rhipicephalus microplus (2F)
S. gouazoubira	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	R. microplus (2M, 1F)
S. gouazoubira	FL (2017)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. sculptum (5N), R. microplus (19M, 14F, 4N)
S. gouazoubira	FL (2018)	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma parvum (5M), R. microplus (4M, 2F, 2N)
S. gouazoubira	FL (2018)	Poconé (MT)	R. microplus (5M, 2F, 4N)
Tayassu pecari	FL (2017)	Apiacás (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (2M, 2F), Amblyomma naponense (1F), A. oblongoguttatum (1F), Amblyomma scalpturatum (4N)

ORDER CARNIVORA
Cerdocyon thous	FL (2018)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. ovale (1M, 1F)
C. thous (3)	FL (2018)	Poconé (MT)	Amblyomma ovale (5M), A. sculptum (30N), Amblyomma sp. (8L), R. microplus (1N)
Chrysocyon brachyurus	FL (2017)	Serranópolis (GO)	A. ovale (2F), Dermacentor nitens (1L)
C. brachyurus	FL (2018)	Serranópolis (GO)	A. ovale (1M, 2F), Amblyomma sp. (1L)
Leopardus pardalis	FL (2016)	Barra do Bugres (MT)	Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (1N^b b Reared from nymph (n= 1) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 1 male); ), A. sculptum (3N, 15L^c c Reared from larvae (n= 15) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the nymph stage (n= 15), thus identified at species level; ), Amblyomma sp. (1L)
Nasua nasua	FL (2018)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. ovale (1M), A. sculptum (8N), Amblyomma sp. (7L)
N. nasua	FL (2018)	Poconé (MT)	A. ovale (1M), A. sculptum (37N), Amblyomma sp. (2L)
Procyon cancrivorus	FL (2018)	Poconé (MT)	A. ovale (2F), A. sculptum (3N)
Puma concolor	FL (2017)	Colniza (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (8N)
P. concolor	FL (2017)	Tangará da Serra (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (1F), A. cajennense s.l. (1M, 3N), Amblyomma coelebs (1M), A. ovale (1M), Amblyomma sp. (14L), R. microplus (1N)

ORDER CINGULATA
Euphractus sexcinctus	FL (2017)	Colniza (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (2N), A. coelebs (6N), Amblyomma sp. (3L)

ORDER DIDELPHIMORPHIA
Didelphis marsupialis	FL (2017)	Aripuanã (MT)	A. coelebs (6N), Amblyomma humerale (1N), Amblyomma sp. (16L)

ORDER PERISSODACTYLA
Tapirus terrestris	FL (2016)	Chapada dos Guimarães (MT)	A. coelebs (2F), A. sculpum (39M, 20F, 92N^d d Reared from nymphs (n= 30) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 11M, 19F); )
T. terrestris	FL (2016)	Dom Aquino (MT)	A. coelebs (1M, 3F), A. oblongoguttatum (1M), A. sculptum (23M, 8F, 2N), R. microplus (3F)
T. terrestris	FL (2016)	Pontes e Lacerda (MT)	A. coelebs (1F), A. cajennense s.l. (10M)
T. terrestris	FL (2016)	Sinop (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (143M, 20F, 14N), A. coelebs (7M, 1F), A. ovale (1M)
T. terrestris	FL (2017)	Chapada dos Guimarães (MT)	A. coelebs (2M), A. sculptum (5M, 13F, 1N)
T. terrestris (3)	FL (2017)	Colniza (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (2M, 9F, 3N), A. coelebs (3M, 4F), A. oblongoguttatum (1M, 2F), A. scalpturatum (3M, 14F)
T. terrestris	FL (2017)	Poconé (MT)	A. sculptum (34M, 7F)
T. terrestris (2)	FL (2017)	Pontes e Lacerda (MT)	A. coelebs (13M, 9F, 1N), A. oblongoguttatum (1M, 3F), Amblyomma scalpturatum (39M, 14F), A. cajennense s.l. (29M) A. sculptum (31F, 2N), R. microplus (2F)
T. terrestris	FL (2017)	Rondonópolis (MT)	A. coelebs (4M, 1F), A. ovale (1M), A. triste (5M, 6F), A. sculptum (60M, 12F, 1N), R. microplus (5F, 1N)
T. terrestris	FL (2017)	Querência (MT)	R. microplus (1M, 6F)
T. terrestris	FL (2018)	Colniza (MT)	A. coelebs (2M), A. cajennense s.s. (1M, 4F, 1N), A. scalpturatum (1F)

ORDER PILOSA
Myrmecophaga tridactyla	FL (2015)	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma nodosum (4M, 5F), A. parvum (1F), A. sculptum (6M, 7F, 54N), Amblyomma sp. (8L)
M. tridactyla	FL (2016)	Barra do Bugres (MT)	A. nodosum (3F), A. sculptum (1N)
M. tridactyla (2)	C (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. sculptum (3M, 1F, 7N^e e Reared from nymphs (n= 6) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 2 males, 4 females); )
M. tridactyla	FL (2016)	Mineiros (GO)	A. nodosum (4M), A. sculptum (1F)
M. tridactyla	FL (2016)	Rosário Oeste (MT)	A. nodosum (1M, 1F), A. sculptum (8M, 2F, 23N^f f Reared from nymphs (n= 23) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 11 males, 11 females); )
M. tridactyla	FL (2016)	Tangará da Serra (MT)	A. nodosum (1M, 5F), A. cajennense s.l. (12M, 20N^g g Reared from nymphs (n= 20) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 8 males); ), A. cajennense s.s. (3N^h h Reared from nymphs (n= 3) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 3 females); ), A. scalpturatum (2M), A. sculptum (10F, 5Nⁱ i Reared from nymphs (n= 5) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 5 females); )
M. tridactyla	FL (2017)	Poconé (MT)	A. sculptum (7M, 1F)
M. tridactyla	FL (2017)	Várzea Grande (MT)	A. sculptum (3M, 2F, 1N)
M. tridactyla (2)	FL (2018)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. nodosum (2M), A. sculptum (17N), Amblyomma sp. (3L)
M. tridactyla	FL (2018)	Santo Antônio de Leverger (MT)	A. nodosum (4M, 3F), A. sculptum (12N), Amblyomma sp. (8L)
Tamandua tetradactyla	FL (2015)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. nodosum (2M)
T. tetradactyla	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. nodosum (2M)
T. tetradactyla	FL (2016)	Jangada (MT)	A. nodosum (1M, 2F)
T. tetradactyla (2)	FL (2016)	Mineiros (GO)	A. nodosum (10M, 4F)
T. tetradactyla	FL (2016)	Várzea Grande (MT)	A. nodosum (2F)
T. tetradactyla	FL (2017)	Chapada dos Guimarães (MT)	Amblyomma calcaratum (23M), A. coelebs (1N), A. nodosum (1M), A. sculptum (1F), Amblyomma sp. (7L)
T. tetradactyla	FL (2017)	Nossa Senhora do Livramento (MT)	A. nodosum (4M, 4F), A. sculptum (1F, 1N)
T. tetradactyla (2)	FL (2017)	Poconé (MT)	A. nodosum (4M, 4F), A. sculptum (2M, 2F, 1N)
T. tetradactyla	FL (2017)	Santo Antônio de Leverger (MT)	A. nodosum (8M, 2F)
T. tetradactyla (4)	FL (2018)	Poconé (MT)	A. nodosum (35M, 24F), A. sculptum (3F, 19N)

ORDER RODENTIA
Coendou longicaudatus	FL (2015)	Chapada dos Guimarães (MT)	Amblyomma longirostre (8M, 1F)
Cuniculus paca	FL (2015)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. naponense (2N^j j Reared from nymphs (n= 2) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 2 females); )
Holochilus sciureus	FL (2017)	Poconé (MT)	A. triste (6N)
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris	C (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. sculptum (7M, 4F)
H. hydrochaeris (2)	FL (2016)	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma dubitatum (2N^l l Reared from nymph (n= 1) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 1 female); ), A. sculptum (1M, 7F, 36N^m m Reared from nymphs (n= 36) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 11 males, 11 females); )
H. hydrochaeris	FL (2016)	Várzea Grande (MT)	A. dubitatum (1M; 11F, 3Nⁿ n Reared from nymphs (n= 3) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 1 male); ), A. sculptum (4M, 12F, 91N^o o Reared from nymphs (n= 91) at the laboratory conditions which molted to the adult stage (n= 26 males, 45 females). ), Amblyomma sp. (8L)
H. hydrochaeris	FL (2017)	Colniza (MT)	A. cajennense s.l. (1M), Amblyomma romitii (8M, 12F, 4N)
H. hydrochaeris	FL (2017)	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dubitatum (2N), A. sculptum (7M, 4F, 19N)
H. hydrochaeris	FL (2017)	Poconé (MT)	A. sculptum (2M, 4F, 3N)
H. hydrochaeris	FL (2017)	Pontes e Lacerda (MT)	A. dubitatum (6M, 28F), A. sculptum (2N)
H. hydrochaeris	FL (2017)	Várzea Grande (MT)	A. dubitatum (1M, 3F), A. sculptum (6M, 4F), Rhipicephalus linnaei (15M, 7F)

Hosts	Municipalities	Ticks (No. number of specimens)	No. infected/	Closest GenBank identity (gene: accession number)
Hosts	Municipalities	Ticks (No. number of specimens)	No. tested (%)	Closest GenBank identity (gene: accession number)
ORDER CARIAMIFORMES
Cariama cristata	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma sculptum (2M, 2F, 20N)	1/24 (4.16^a a Results refer to minimal infection rate because PCR-positive ticks included a pool of 5 nymphs or 10 larvae. )	99% Rickettsia amblyommatis (ompA: MH818422)

ORDER ANURA
Rhinella diptycha	Cuiabá (MT), Jataí (GO)	Amblyomma rotundatum (3F, 10N)	0/13

ORDER TESTUDINES
Chelonoidis carbonarius	Cuiabá (MT)	A. rotundatum (1F)	0/1
Chelonoidis denticulatus	Apiacás (MT), Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma humerale (8M)	2/8 (25)	100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MF188914)

		A. rotundatum (2F)	0/2
Phrynops geoffroanus	Cuiabá (MT)	A. sculptum (1M)	0/1

ORDER CROCODYLIA
Caiman yacare	Cuiabá (MT)	Amblyomma dissimile (1F)	0/1
Paleosuchus palpebrosus	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (1F)	0/1
Paleosuchus palpebrosus	Cuiabá (MT)	A. rotundatum (1F)	0/1

ORDER SQUAMATA
Suborder Sauria
Iguana iguana	Cuiabá (MT)	A. dissimile (20M, 1F, 10N)	0/31
Tupinambis sp.	Poconé (MT)	A. rotundatum (5N)	0/5

Suborder Serpentes
Boa constrictor	Cuiabá (MT), Jataí (GO)	A. dissimile (22M, 5F, 10N)	0/37
Boa constrictor	Cuiabá (MT), Jataí (GO)	A. rotundatum (2F)	0/2
Bothrops mattogrossensis	Poconé (MT)	A. dissimile (1F)	0/1
Eunectes notaeus	Poconé (MT)	A. dissimile (1M, 1F)	0/2

ORDER ARTIODACTYLA
Mazama americana	Colniza (MT)	Amblyomma cajennense s.s. (1F, 20N)	5/21 (23.80^a)	100% Rickettsia sp. (gltA: KY753118, MK441839, MK720995, MK720994)
				100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MN336348)
				100% Rickettsia rhipicephali (ompA: KX434736)
		Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (3F)	2/3 (66.66)
		Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (1F)	0/1

Subulo gouazoubira	Cuiabá (MT), Poconé (MT), Várzea Grande (MT)	Amblyomma parvum (4M)	2/4 (50)	100% ‘Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae’ (gltA: MG887826)
		Rhipicephalus microplus (27M, 1F)	2/28 (7.14)	100% ‘Ca. Rickettsia andeanae’ (gltA: MG887826)
		A. sculptum (1M, 1F, 5N)	0/7
Tayassu pecari	Apiacás (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (1M)	0/1

ORDER CARNIVORA
Cerdocyon thous	Cuiabá (MT), Poconé (MT)	Amblyomma ovale (3M)	0/3
Cerdocyon thous	Cuiabá (MT), Poconé (MT)	A. sculptum (20N)	0/20
Chrysocyon brachyurus	Serranópolis (GO)	A. ovale (1M, 1F)	1/2 (50)	100% Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest (ompA: MK801772)
Leopardus pardalis	Barra do Bugres (MT)	A. sculptum (5N)	0/5
Nasua nasua	Cuiabá (MT), Poconé (MT)	A. sculptum (15N)	0/15
Procyon cancrivorus	Poconé (MT)	A. ovale (1F)	1/1 (100)	100% R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest (ompA: MK801772)
Puma concolor	Colniza (MT), Tangará da Serra (MT)	A. cajennense s.s. (5N)	0/5
Puma concolor	Colniza (MT), Tangará da Serra (MT)	Amblyomma sp. (10L)	0/10

ORDER CINGULATA
Euphractus sexcinctus	Colniza (MT)	A. coelebs (5N)	0/5

ORDER DIDELPHIMORPHIA
Didelphis marsupialis	Aripuanã (MT)	Amblyomma sp. (10L)	0/10

ORDER PERISSODACTYLA
Tapirus terrestris	Chapada dos Guimarães (MT), Colniza (MT), Dom Aquino (MT), Poconé (MT), Pontes e Lacerda (MT), Querência (MT), Rondonópolis (MT), Sinop (MT)	A. coelebs (13M, 14F)	6/27 (22.22)	100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MW147461)
		Amblyomma scalpturatum (39M, 25F)	4/64 (6.25)	100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MW147461)
				100% R. parkeri strain NOD (ompA: MK522487, KY008394, KP987310, KM262193, EU567180)
				100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MW147461)
		A. sculptum (10M, 19F, 5N)	4/34 (11.76)	100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MW147461)
		A. cajennense s.l. (15M)	5/15 (33.33)	100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MG787411, MN336348)
		A. cajennense s. s. (4M, 5N)	4/9 (44.44^a)
		A. oblongoguttatum (1F)	0/1
		A. ovale (1M)	0/1	100% R. parkeri sensu stricto (ompA: MG574938)
		A. triste (4M, 3F)	1/7 (14.28)
		R. microplus (6F)	0/6
ORDER PILOSA
Myrmecophaga tridactyla	Barra do Bugres (MT), Cuiabá (MT), Mineiros (GO), Poconé (MT), Rosário Oeste (MT), Santo Antônio de Leverger (MT), Tangará da Serra (MT), Várzea Grande (MT)	Amblyomma nodosum (10M, 6F)	2/16 (12.5)	100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MW147461)
				100% R. parkeri strain NOD (ompA: MK522487, KY008394, KP987310, KM262193, EU567180)
				100% Rickettsia sp. (gltA: KY753118, MK441839, MK720995, MK720994)
		A. sculptum (7M, 3F, 25N)	1/35 (2.85^a)
		A. scalpturatum (1M)	0/1

Tamandua tetradactyla	Chapada dos Guimarães (MT), Cuiabá (MT), Jangada (MT), Mineiros (GO), Nossa Senhora do Livramento (MT), Poconé (MT), Santo Antônio de Leverger (MT), Várzea Grande (MT)	A. nodosum (40M, 13F)	8/53 (15.09)	100% Rickettsia sp. (gltA: KY753118, MK441839, MK720995, MK720994)
				100% R. parkeri strain NOD (ompA: MK522487, KY008394, KP987310, KM262193, EU567180)


		Amblyomma calcaratum (20M)	0/20
		A. sculptum (1M, 10N)	0/11

ORDER RODENTIA
Coendou longicaudatus	Chapada dos Guimarães (MT)	Amblyomma longirostre (4M)	1/4 (25)	100% R. amblyommatis (ompA: MG787411)
Cuniculus paca	Cuiabá (MT)	A. naponense (1F)	0/1
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris	Colniza (MT), Cuiabá (MT), Poconé (MT), Pontes e Lacerda (MT), Várzea Grande (MT)	A. sculptum (10M, 11F, 20N)	1/41 (2.43^a)	100% R. amblyommatis (gltA: MH257786)
		Amblyomma romitii (7M, 11F)	1/18 (5.55)	100% R. amblyommatis (gltA: MH257786)
		A. dubitatum (5M, 5F)	0/10
Holochilus sciureus	Poconé (MT)	A. triste (5N)	0/5
TOTAL		650 (282 males, 148 females, 200 nymphs, and 20 larvae)	54/650 (8.30 ^a )

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Richard Campos Pacheco. E-mail: richard.pacheco@ufmt.br