Abordagens morfológicas e moleculares de uma nova espécie de parasito cestóide tripanorrinquídeo, <i>Nybelinia exostigmi</i>, no peixe cardinal Narrowstripe <i>Apogon exostigma</i>

Al Quraishy, Saleh; Dkhil, Mohamed Abdel Monem; Abdel-Gaber, Rewaida; Al-Shaebi, Esam; Jaffal, Ahmad Abu; Morsy, Kareem

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612019008

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 28 (02) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612019008 copiar

Abordagens morfológicas e moleculares de uma nova espécie de parasito cestóide tripanorrinquídeo, Nybelinia exostigmi, no peixe cardinal Narrowstripe Apogon exostigma

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Quarenta espécimes do peixe cardinal Apogon exostigma da Narrowstripe foram examinados para identificar helmintos gastrointestinais, destes 62,5% foram infectados com um novo parasito larval cestóide tripanorrinquídeo. A morfologia de seu estágio larval foi estudada na microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Os dados revelaram larvas plerocercoides caracterizadas por uma forma piriforme com um corpo revestido por microtrícinos proeminentes; o escolex acraspedótico tinha quatro sobreposições; quatro tentáculos se projetavam através da pars botridialis; a armadura dos tentáculos era homeocante, homeomorfa e consistia de ganchos tentaculares em forma de espinhos, em forma de falcão; quatro bulbos ovais em pars bulbosa; e apêndice curto na extremidade terminal do corpo. A análise molecular das sequências de RNAr 18S verificou a taxonomia desse parasita e apoiou sua morfologia. Descobrimos que havia uma identidade próxima (até 87%) com espécies alternativas obtidas para comparação do GenBank. Os dados também mostraram que houve altos escores de brusone e baixos valores de divergência entre este parasita e outras espécies de Tentaculariidae. A análise filética mostrou que as sequências de parasitas em conjunto com os dados existentes colocam esta espécie de tripanorimidídeo entre os Tentaculariidae. Esta espécie está profundamente enraizada no gênero Nybelinia, tendo relações próximas com Nybelinia queenslandensis como um putativo táxon irmão.

Palavras-chave:
Peixe marinho; trypanorhyncha; morfologia; filogenia

Species/ Parameters	Host	Scolex		Pars bothridialis Length	Pars vaginalis Length	Bulb			Pars bulbosa Length	Tentacle Width			Hooks Shape	Armature	Appendix Length
Species/ Parameters	Host	Length	Width	Pars bothridialis Length	Pars vaginalis Length	Length	Width	Ratio	Pars bulbosa Length	Apical	Metabasal	Basal	Hooks Shape	Armature	Appendix Length
N. rougetcampanae São Clemente and Gomes, 1992São Clemente SC, Gomes DC. Description of the adult form of Nybelinia (Syngenes) rougetcampanae Dollfus, 1960 and some new data on N. (N.) bisulcata (Linton, 1889) (Trypanorhyncha: Tentaculariidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1992; 87(Suppl. 1): 251-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761992000500047 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761992000500047 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761992...	Sphyrna lewini	0.51-0.69 (0.60)	---	0.28-0.38 (0.33)	0.31-0.41 (0.36)	---	0.03-0.05 (0.04)	---	0.18-0.22 (0.20)	---	0.013-0.026	0.005-0.008	Falcate	Heteromorphous	---
N. lingualis Pascual et al., 1996Pascual S, Gestal C, Estévez JM, Rodriguez H, Soto M, Abollo E, et al. Parasites in commercially-exploited cephalopods (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) in Spain: an updated perspective. Aquaculture 1996; 142(1-2): 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(96)01254-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(96)0...	Todaropsis eblanae	0.8-1.2	0.9-1.1	0.60-0.62	0.24-0.28	0.75	---	---	0.24-0.28	---	---	---	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	---
N. beveridgei Palm et al., 1997Palm HW, Walter T, Schwerdtfeger G, Reimer IW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the Moltambique coast, with description of N. beveridgei sp. novo and systematic considerations of the genus. S Afr J Mar Sci 1997; 18(1): 273-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776197784161018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619778416...	Chascomopsetta lugubris	4.00-5.28 (4.640)	2.176-3.104 (2.604)	2.784-3.040 (2.912)	2.368-3.040 (2.704)	0.928-0.992 (0.960)	0.256-0.320 (0.288)	3.3:1	---	---	0.081-0.098	---	Uncinate	Heteromorphous	0.608-1.120 (0.864)
N. anthicosum Palm et al., 1997Palm HW, Walter T, Schwerdtfeger G, Reimer IW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the Moltambique coast, with description of N. beveridgei sp. novo and systematic considerations of the genus. S Afr J Mar Sci 1997; 18(1): 273-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776197784161018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619778416...	Todarodes angolensis	1.762-2.112 (1.936)	0.864-1.376 (1.120)	0.800-1.186 (0.992)	0.640-0.992 (0.816)	---	---	3.4:1	0.416-0.576 (0.496)	---	0.048-0.055	---	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	0.352-0.507 (0.430)
N. gopalai Palm et al., 1997Palm HW, Walter T, Schwerdtfeger G, Reimer IW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the Moltambique coast, with description of N. beveridgei sp. novo and systematic considerations of the genus. S Afr J Mar Sci 1997; 18(1): 273-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776197784161018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619778416...	Coelorhinchus flabellispinus	1.144-2.240 (1.692)	0.416-1.105 (0.761)	0.520-1.014 (0.767)	0.611-1.300 (0.956)	---	---	7.1:1	0.286-0.715 (0.501)	---	0.016-0.035	---	Uncinate	Heteromorphous	0.156-0.325 (0.241)
N. robusta Palm et al., 1997Palm HW, Walter T, Schwerdtfeger G, Reimer IW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the Moltambique coast, with description of N. beveridgei sp. novo and systematic considerations of the genus. S Afr J Mar Sci 1997; 18(1): 273-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776197784161018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619778416...	Bassango albescens	1.600-2.528 (2.064)	0.416-1.472 (0.944)	0.832-1.352 (1.092)	0.767-1.472 (0.982)	---	---	4.4:1	0.384-0.637 (0.511)	---	0.029-0.033	---	---	Homeomorphous	0.273-1.408 (0.841)
N. yamagutii Palm et al., 1997Palm HW, Walter T, Schwerdtfeger G, Reimer IW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the Moltambique coast, with description of N. beveridgei sp. novo and systematic considerations of the genus. S Afr J Mar Sci 1997; 18(1): 273-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776197784161018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619778416...	Todarodes angolensis	1.183-3.904 (2.544)	0.546-1.440 (0.993)	0.529-1.888 (1.240)	0.689-2.016 (1.353)	---	---	6.7:1	0.286-1.568 (0.927)	---	0.042-0.080	---	Falcate	Heteromorphous	0.169-0.512 (0.341)
N. queenslandensis Jones and Beveridge, 1998Jones MK, Beveridge I. Nybelinia queenslandensis sp. n. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) parasitic in Carcharhinus melanopterus, from Australia, with observations on the fine structure of the scolex including the rhyncheal system. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 1998; 45(4): 295-311.	Carcharhinus melanopterus	0.97-1.20 (1.10)	0.90	---	0.38-0.61 (0.54)	0.34-0.58 (0.45)	0.09-0.13 (0.11)	---	---	---	0.07-0.08 (0.08)	---	Falcate	Homeomorphous	---
N. sakanariae Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Xiphiurus capensis	1.507-1.512	0.747-0.775	0.700	0.647-0.680	0.335-0.387	0.113-0.116	3.3:1	0.386-0.397	---	0.051-0.056	---	---	Homeomorphous	0.335-0.360
N. aequidentata Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Lepturacanthus savala	3.400	1.700	1.510	1.890	0.756-0.813 (0.780)	0.227-0.265 (0.237)	3.3:1	0.813	0.046-0.051	0.054-0.058	---	Falcate	Homeomorphous	0.585
N. africana Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Carcharhinus obscurus	0.536	0.420	0.327	0.205	0.168-0.178 (0.174)	0.070-0.075 (0.073)	2.4:1	0.178	---	0.023-0.024	0.027-0.028	Uncinate and falcate	Heteromorphous	---
N. schmidti Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Isurus glaucus	1.172	0.832	0.794	0.473	0.289	0.104	2.8:1	0.289	---	0.018-0.023	---	---	Homeomorphous	---
N. jayapaulazariahi Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Harpadon nehereus	0.530	0.326	0.298	0.285	0.150-0.165 (0.157)	0.054	2.9:1	0.165	---	0.016-0.0185	---	Uncinate	---	0.114
N. southwelli Palm and Walter, 1999Palm HW, Walter T. Nybelinia southwelli sp. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) with re-description of N. perideraeus (Shipley & Hornell, 1906) and synonymy of N. herdmani (Shipley & Hornell, 1906) with Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901). Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 123-131.	Rhina ancylostoma	1.701	---	1.078	0.982	0.474	0.166	2.9:1	0.485	---	0.033-0.038	0.046-0.051	---	Homeomorphous	---
N. perideraeus Palm and Walter, 1999Palm HW, Walter T. Nybelinia southwelli sp. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) with re-description of N. perideraeus (Shipley & Hornell, 1906) and synonymy of N. herdmani (Shipley & Hornell, 1906) with Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901). Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 123-131.	Glyphis gangeticus	1.222	0.700-0.767 (0.715)	0.533-0.546 (0.637)	0.390-0.520 (0.540)	0.340-0.390 (0.445)	0.103-0.114 (0.115)	3.8:1	0.408-0.461 (0.429)	0.020	0.030-0.033 (0.035)	0.033-0.039 (0.042)	---	Heteromorphous	---
N. riseri Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Trachyurus felicipes	1.380-1.587 (1.455)	0.510-0.680 (0.580)	0.585-0.662 (0.630)	0.567-0.700 (0.636)	0.270-0.303 (0.284)	0.084-0.117 (0.100)	2.8:1	0.280-0.303 (0.294)	---	0.051-0.056	---	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	0.312-0.360 (0.331)
Nybelinia sp. Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Coryphaena hippurus	1.172-1.228	0.775-0.907	0.850-0.888	0.548-0.624	0.234-0.247 (0.246)	0.084-0.112 (0.099)	2.5:1	0.252-0.257	---	0.032-0.035	---	---	Homeomorphous	0.294-0.364
N. scoliodoni Palm, 1999Palm HW. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Myxonebelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Bull Nat Hist Lond (Zool) 1999; 65(2): 133-153.	Carcharhinus limbatus	0.667	0.320	0.267	0.227	0.125-0.144 (0.133)	0.056-0.064 (0.059)	2.2:1	0.144	0.012-0.013	0.014-0.017	0.023-0.025	---	Homeomorphous	---
N. riseri Palm and Walter, 2000Palm HW, Walter T. Tentaculariid cestodes (Trypanorhyncha) from the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 2000; 22(4): 641-666.	Raja binoculata	1.465-1.890 (1.716)	0.630-0.980 (0.928)	0.770-1.005 (0.938)	0.798-1.150 (0.1000)	0.350-0.371 (0.362)	0.116-0.131 (0.121)	3.0:1	0.252-0.350 (0.294)	0.024-0.025	0.031-0.034	0.052-0.055	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	0.623
N. strongyla Palm and Walter, 2000Palm HW, Walter T. Tentaculariid cestodes (Trypanorhyncha) from the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 2000; 22(4): 641-666.	Sphoeroides pachygaster	1.920	1.100	0.845	0.503	0.533-0.572 (0.553)	0.182-0.208 (0.198)	2.8:1	0.585	---	0.059	0.062	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	---
N. lingualis Palm and Walter, 2000Palm HW, Walter T. Tentaculariid cestodes (Trypanorhyncha) from the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 2000; 22(4): 641-666.	Thunnus thynnus	2.700	1.620	1.755	1.350	0.378-0.420 (0.392)	0.121-0.138 (0.131)	3.0:1	0.462	---	0.038-0.041	---	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	0.924
N. lingualis Palm and Walter, 2000Palm HW, Walter T. Tentaculariid cestodes (Trypanorhyncha) from the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 2000; 22(4): 641-666.	Chelidonichthys lucerna	1.100-1.620	0.672-0.765	0.616-0.966	0.714	0.350-0.378 (0.364)	0.294-0.308 (0.299)	3.1:1	0.392	---	0.035-0.040	---	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	0.182-0.470
N. thyrsites Palm and Walter, 2000Palm HW, Walter T. Tentaculariid cestodes (Trypanorhyncha) from the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 2000; 22(4): 641-666.	Squalus sp.	1.148-1.162	0.840	0.518	0.434-0.364	0.294-0.322 (0.310)	0.120-0.140 (0.129)	---	0.350	---	0.045-0.048	0.048-0.052	Falcate	Homeomorphous	0.294-0.322
N. scoliodoni Palm and Walter, 2000Palm HW, Walter T. Tentaculariid cestodes (Trypanorhyncha) from the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 2000; 22(4): 641-666.	Balistes carolinensis	0.770-0.980	0.685-0.686	0.434-0.560	0.245-0.294	0.224-0.228 (0.226)	0.069-0.097 (0.083)	2.7:1	0.224-0.228	0.029-0.031	0.032-0.034	---	---	Homeomorphous	0.350-0.462
N. surmenicola Palm and Walter, 2000Palm HW, Walter T. Tentaculariid cestodes (Trypanorhyncha) from the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 2000; 22(4): 641-666.	Gurnardus fabric	0.450-0.693	1.57-2.43	1.98-2.56	1.98-2.56	0.630-0.728 (0.672)	0.266-0.294 (0.280)	2.4:1	0.700-1.035	0.080-0.120	0.070-0.107	0.057	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	1.50-2.42
N. africana Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Unidentified shark	1.780	1.134	0.930	0.840	0.423-0.459 (0.439)	0.157-0.171 (0.163)	2.7:1	0.523	---	0.047-0.050	---	Uncinate and falcate	Heteromorphous	---
N. schmidti Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Isurus oxyrinchus	1.600	0.850	1.040	0.680	0.270-0.330 (0.298)	0.110-0.150 (0.131)	2.3:1	0.340	---	0.030-0.032	0.045-0.048	Falcate	Homeomorphous	---
N. jayapaulazariahi Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Aseraggodes macieayanus	1.060	0.700	0.470	0.450	0.320-0.325 (0.323)	0.085-0.135 (0.119)	2.7:1	0.365	---	0.032-0.035	---	Uncinate	---	---
N. thyrsites Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Carcharhinus brachyurus	1.550-2.032	0.700-1.520	0.610-1.024	0.500-0.640	0.355-0.365 (0.358)	0.114-0.120 (0.117)	3.1:1	0.368-0.520	0.027-0.032	0.057-0.062	0.038-0.044	Falcate	Homeomorphous	0.496
N. hemipristis Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Hemipristis elongata	2.030	1.230	1.000	0.860	0.550-0.560 (0.553)	0.210-0.220 (0.218)	2.5:1	0.560	0.037-0.062	0.075-0.085	0.075-0.085	Falcate	Homeomorphous	---
N. mehlhorni Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Hemigaleus microstoma	0.560	0.400	0.330	0.125	0.150-0.200 (0.178)	0.050-0.070 (0.058)	3.1:1	0.250	---	0.022-0.027	---	---	Homeomorphous	---
N. strongyla Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Argyrosomus hololepidotus	1.303-1.566	0.648-0.796	0.700-0.781	0.647-0.764	0.244-0.292 (0.286)	0.082-0.090 (0.086)	3.3:1	0.292-0.355	---	0.050-0.058	---	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	0.374-0.429
N. scoliodoni Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Makaira indica	1.115-1.350	0.800-0.860	0.520-0.670	0.210-0.230	0.280-0.300 (0.288)	0.110-0.120 (0.115)	2.5:1	0.320-0.300	0.025-0.030	0.045-0.050	0.030-0.035	---	Homeomorphous	0.200-0.310
N. victoria Palm and Beveridge, 2002Palm HW, Beveridge I. Tentaculariid cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes) from the Australian region. Rec South Aust Mus 2002; 35: 49-78.	Lepidotrigla modesta	1.030-1.050	0.650-0.700	0.570-0.450	0.350-0.320	0.300-0.315 (0.310)	0.115-0.135 (0.124)	2.5:1	0.315-0.320	---	0.040-0.050	---	---	Homeomorphous	---
Nybelinia sp. Haseli et al., 2010Haseli M, Malek M, Palm HW. Trypanorhynch cestodes of elasmobranchs from the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa 2010; 2492: 28-48. http://dx.doi.10.5281/zenodo.195654. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.10.5281/ze...	Rhizoprionodon acutus	0.456	0.279	0.270	0.147	0.159	---	1.9	0.189	---	---	0.037	Uncinate and falcate	---	---
N. bisulcata Al-Zubaidy and Mhaisen, 2011Al-Zubaidy AB, Mhaisen FT. Larval Tapeworms (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from some Red Sea fishes, Yemen. Mesop J Mar Sci 2011; 26(1): 1-14.	Lethrinus lentjan	1.44-2.3 (2.1)	---	0.46-0.49 (0.478)	---	---	---	---	---	---	0.019-0.022 (0.020)	---	---	---	0.31-0.34 (0.324)
N. pintneri Khamkar, 2012Khamkar DD. A report of the species of the genus Nybelinia (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from a Trygon sepehn, from Panji, Goa State, India. Trends Parasitol Res 2012; 1(3): 31-33.	Trygon sephen	1.668	0.568-1.053	0.379	0.666-0.667	0.417-0.462	0.076-0.114	---	0.417-0.462	---	0.030-0.053	---	---	Homeomorphous	---
N. narinari Morsy et al., 2013Morsy K, Bashtar AR, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al Quraishy S, Al Ghamdi A, Mostafa N. First identification of four trypanorhynchid cestodes: Callitetrarhynchus speciouses, Pseudogrillotia sp. (Lacistorhynchidae), Kotorella pronosoma and Nybelinia bisulcata (Tentaculariidae) from Sparidae and Mullidae fish. Parasitol Res 2013; 112(7): 2523-2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3419-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3419-y PMid:23624547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-341...	Pagrus pagrus	1.19-1.26 (1.22±0.02)	1.00–1.32 (1.04±0.02)	---	---	0.21–0.27 (0.25±0.02)	0.09–0.13 (0.10±0.02)	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	0.28–0.36 (0.32±0.02)
N. bisulcata Morsy et al., 2013Morsy K, Bashtar AR, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al Quraishy S, Al Ghamdi A, Mostafa N. First identification of four trypanorhynchid cestodes: Callitetrarhynchus speciouses, Pseudogrillotia sp. (Lacistorhynchidae), Kotorella pronosoma and Nybelinia bisulcata (Tentaculariidae) from Sparidae and Mullidae fish. Parasitol Res 2013; 112(7): 2523-2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3419-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3419-y PMid:23624547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-341...	Mullus barbatus	0.84-0.93 (0.87±0.02)	0.48–0.58 (0.55±0.02)	---	---	0.35–0.44 (0.39±0.02)	0.26-0.33 (0.29±0.02)	---	---	---	---	0.03–0.07 (0.04±0.002)	Falcate	Heteromorphous	0.07-0.14 (0.12±0.02)
N. indica kalyan and Prasanna, 2016Kalyan SC, Prasanna AV. Taxonomic reports of the cestodes of the genus Nybelinia Poche, 1926 and Heteronybelinia Palm, 1999 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha, Diesing, 1863) from the Shark, Ehizoprionodonacutus Rüppell, 1937, from Nellore Coast, Bay of Bengal, India. Int J Rec Scient Res 2016; 7(3): 9373-9377.	Rhizoprionodon acutus	1.20-1.24	0.44-0.47	0.55-0.61	0.65-0.68	0.44-0.47	---	---	0.42-0.47	---	0.03	---	Uncinate	Homeomorphous	---
N. exostigmi sp. nov. (Present study)	*Apogon exostigma*	0.831-1.35 (1.20±0.1)	0.323-0.642 (0.453±0.1)	0.265-0.312 (0.291±0.1)	0.423-0.538 (0.491±0.1)	0.30–0.39 (0.32±0.01)	0.19–0.27 (0.22±0.01)	1.45:1	0.192-0.218 (0.201±0.1)	0.018-0.025 (0.020±0.001)	0.018-0.022 (0.021±0.001)	0.010-0.017 (0.015±0.001)	Falcate	Homeomorphous	0.071-0.142 (0.121±0.01)

Parasite species	Order/Family	Host/Host group	Source	Accession no.	Sequence length (bp)	Percent identity (%)
Aporhynchus norvegicus	Trypanorhyncha / Aporhynchidae	Etmopterus spinax	GenBank	FJ572911.1	2028	92
Sagittirhynchus aculeatus	Trypanorhyncha / Gilquiniidae	Centrophorus sp.	GenBank	DQ642907.1	2015	92
Chimaerarhynchus rougetae	Trypanorhyncha / Gymnorhynchidae	Squalus megalops	GenBank	DQ642906.1	1842	92
Molicola sp.	Trypanorhyncha / Gymnorhynchidae	Xiphias gladius	GenBank	KX712332.1	1998	92
Gymnorhynchus isuri	Trypanorhyncha / Gymnorhynchidae	Isurus oxyrinchus	GenBank	DQ642909.1	1967	92
Hepatoxylon trichiuri	Trypanorhyncha / Hepatoxylidae	Taractes rubescens	GenBank	FJ572907.1	2026	92
Diphyllobothrium pacificum	Diphyllobothriidea / Diphyllobothriidae	Homo sapiens	GenBank	DQ925310.1	2182	92
Diplogonoporus balaenopterae	Diphyllobothriidea / Diphyllobothriidae	Homo sapiens	GenBank	KY552792.1	2022	92
Ligula intestinalis	Diphyllobothriidea / Diphyllobothriidae	Podiceps cristatus	GenBank	KY552785.1	2023	92
Digramma interrupta	Diphyllobothriidea / Diphyllobothriidae	Hemiculter lucidus	GenBank	DQ925308.1	2177	92
Dasyrhynchus giganteus	Trypanorhyncha / Dasyrhynchidae	Caranx hippos	GenBank	FJ788112.1	2000	92
Callitetrarhynchus gracilis	Trypanorhyncha / Lacistorhynchidae	Sardinella brasiliensis	GenBank	MG693781.1	1931	92
Proemotobothrium linstowi	Trypanorhyncha / Otobothriidae	Rhynchobatus djiddensis	GenBank	DQ642917.1	1947	92
Fossobothrium perplexum	Trypanorhyncha / Otobothriidae	Anoxypristis cuspidata	GenBank	DQ642914.1	1952	92
Otobothrium cysticum	Trypanorhyncha / Otobothriidae	Peprilus triacanthus	GenBank	FJ572926.1	2020	92
Calyptrobothrium sp.	Phyllobothriidea / Phyllobothriidae	Torpedo nobiliana	GenBank	KF685848.1	1978	92
Pedibothrium mounseyi	Tetraphyllidea / Onchobothriidae	Nebrius ferrugineus	GenBank	KF685803.1	1986	91
Calliobothrium cf. verticillatum	Tetraphyllidea / Onchobothriidae	Mustelus canis	GenBank	KF685812.1	1989	92
Phoreiobothrium lewinense	Tetraphyllidea / Onchobothriidae	Sphyrna lewini	GenBank	KF685830.1	1983	92
Anthocephalum ruhnkei	Rhinebothriidea	Urogymnus granulatus	GenBank	MH577332.1	1865	92
Dollfusiella geraschmidti	Trypanorhyncha / Eutetrarhynchidae	Urolophus paucimaculatus	GenBank	DQ642955.1	1922	93
Paroncomegas araya	Trypanorhyncha / Eutetrarhynchidae	Potamotrygon motoro	GenBank	DQ642963.1	1916	92
Ditrachybothridium macrocephalum	Diphyllidea / Echinobothriidae	Apristurus laurussonii	GenBank	DQ642903.1	1961	92
Tetrarhynchobothrium sp.	Trypanorhyncha / Tetrarhynchobothriidae	Himantura gerrardi	GenBank	DQ642960.1	1866	92
Rhinoptericola megacantha	Trypanorhyncha / Rhinoptericolidae	Rhinoptera bonasus	GenBank	DQ642954.1	1927	91
Nybelinia sphyrnae	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	Sphyrna lewini	GenBank	DQ642953.1	1902	94
Nybelinia surmenicola	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	---	GenBank	AB626625.1	837	96
Tentacularia coryphaenae	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariida	Selar crumenophthalmus	GenBank	FJ572891.1	1975	93
Mixonybelinia lepturi	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariida	Heteropriacanthus cruentatus	GenBank	FJ572898.1	1935	94
Heteronybelinia estigmena	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	Carcharhinus limbatus	GenBank	DQ642951.1	1939	95
Kotorella pronosoma	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	Dasyatis say	GenBank	DQ642950.1	1909	93
Nybelinia africana	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	Lamiopsis temminckii	GenBank	DQ642948.1	1950	94
Nybelinia queenslandensis	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	Carcharhinus melanopterus	GenBank	AF287005.1	1940	96
Nybelinia indica	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	Heteropriacanthus cruentatus	GenBank	FJ572894.1	1975	95
Nybelinia aequidentata	Trypanorhyncha / Tentaculariidae	Rhinoptera neglecta	GenBank	DQ642952.1	1914	95
Gyrocotyle rugosa	Gyrocotylidea / Gyrocotylidae	Hydrolagus colliei	GenBank	AF124455.2	1982	87

Comparable samples	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35
1. MK084750.1 Nybelinia exostigmi
2. DQ642953.1 Nybelinia sphyrnae	0.04
3. DQ642948.1 Nybelinia africana	0.04	0.00
4. AB626625 Nybelinia surmenicola	0.04	0.00	0.00
5. AF287005.1 Nybelinia queenslandensis	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00
6. FJ572894.1 Nybelinia indica	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
7. DQ642952.1 Nybelinia aequidentata	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
8. DQ642950.1 Kotorella pronosoma	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
9. DQ642951.1 Heteronybelinia estigmena	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
10. FJ572898.1 Mixonybelinia lepturi	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
11. FJ572891.1 Tentacularia coryphaenae	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
12. DQ642955.1 Dollfusiella geraschmidti	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
13. DQ642954.1 Rhinoptericola megacantha	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
14. DQ642963.1 Paroncomegas araya	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02
15. DQ642960.1 Tetrarhymchobothrium sp.	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01
16. FJ572907.1 Hepatoxylon trichiuri	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02
17. KF685812.1 Caliobothrium cf. verticillatum	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03
18. KX712332.1 Molicola sp.	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02
19. DQ642909.1 Gymnorhynchus isuri	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.00
20. FJ788112.1 Dasyrhynchus giganteus	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01
21. DQ642907.1 Sagittirhynchus aculeatus	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01
22. DQ642906.1 Chimaerarhyynchus rougetae	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00
23. DQ925310.2 Diphyllobothrium pacificum	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02
24. DQ642917.1 Proemotobothrium linstowi	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
25. DQ642914.1 Fossobothrium perplexum	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01
26. KF685830.1 Phoreiobothrium lewinense	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02
27. DQ642903.1 Ditrachybothridium macrocephalum	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02
28. KF685803.1 Pedibothrium mounseyi	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.03
29. FJ572911.1 Aporhynchus norvegicus	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02
30. MG693781.1 Callitetrahynchus gracilis	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01
31. KY552792.1 Diplogonoporus balaenopterae	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.00
32. KY552785.1 Ligula intestinalis	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02
33. KF685848.1 Calyptrobothrium sp.	0.07	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02
34. FJ572926.1 Otobothrium cysticum	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.0	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.01
35. DQ925308.1 Digramma interrupta	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03
36. AF124455.2 Gyrocotyle rugosa	0.09	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Saleh Al Quraishy, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. e-mail: squraishy@ksu.edu.sa