<i>Cotylophoron marajoensis</i> n. sp. (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) a parasite of <i>Bubalus bubalis</i> on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Amaral, Vanessa Silva do; Sousa, Diego Ferreira de; Benigno, Raimundo Nonato Moraes; Pinheiro, Raul Henrique da Silva; Gonçalves, Evonnildo Costa; Giese, Elane Guerreiro

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612020101

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 29 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612020101 copy

Cotylophoron marajoensis n. sp. (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) a parasite of Bubalus bubalis on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Cotylophoron marajoensis n. sp. (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) parasito de Bubalus bubalis na Ilha de Marajó, Pará, Amazônia Brasileira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The genus Cotylophoron belongs to the Paramphistomidae family and its definitive hosts are ruminants in general. This work describes the presence of a new species of the gender, a parasite in the rumen and reticulum of Bubalus bubalis, on Marajó Island in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, using of light microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and molecular biology techniques. One hundred and ten animals were analyzed, of which 4.54% were parasitized by flukes in their adult forms. The helminths were found fixed to the ruminal mucosa and present Liorchis-type pharynx, Cotylophoron-type genital sucker, oblique testicles larger than the ovary, uterus in rings full of eggs and Cotylophoron-type acetabulum. These morphologic characters do not fit into any previously described species. Thus, it is proposed that this is a new species in the genus Cotylophoron. The present work expands the record of parasitism by helminths in Bubalus bubalis, this being the first record of trematoda from the genus Cotylophoron for this host in the Brazilian Amazon.

Keywords:
Taxonomy; parasite; Trematoda; buffalo; Brazil

Character	Cotylophoron spp.
Character	Cotylophoron marajoensis n. sp.	*C. cotylophorum*	*C. panamensis*	*C. macrosphinctris*	*C. xiangjiangense*
Host Locality Author	Bubalus bubalis Brazil	Bos taurus Colombia (Fischoeder, 1901)	Bos indicus Colombia Price & McIntosh, 1953	Syncerus caffer Uganda Sey & Graber, 1979	Bubalus bubalis China Wang, 1979
Length	3.43-7.54	5.58-7.31	6.63-8.84	5.41-7.82	3.85-5.60
Width	2.63-3.43	2.01-2.19	2.31-3.25	2.30-3.05	1.93-3.05
Type of pharynx	*Liorchis*	Calicophoron	Calicophoron	Calicophoron	Liorchis
Pharynx ^L	0.43-0.65	0.23-0.62	0.72-0.96	0.78-1.23	0.43-0.78
Pharynx ^W	0.33-0.80	0.43-0.73	0.64-0.86	0.57-1.03	0.56-0.78
Esophageal bulb	Absent	Present	Absent	Present	Present
Esophagus ^L	0.42-0.79	0.70-0.80	0.42-0.86	1.15-1.52	-
Esophagus ^W	0.15-0.45	0.20-0.30	0.18-0.28	-	-
Type of Ventosa Genital	*Cotylophoron*	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron	Schistocotyle	Cotylophoron
Ventosa Genital ^L	0.43-0.78	0.50-0.70	0.74-1.02	-	0.52-0.61
Ventosa Genital ^W	0.46-1.66	0.30-0.60	0.58-0.98	-	0.52-0.64
Ovary ^L	0.32-0.95	0.34-0.60	0.56-0.80	0.28-0.68	0.37-0.40
Ovary ^W	0.37-0.63	0.46-0.80	0.54-0.92	0.76-0.96	-
Ootype ^L	0.33-0.59	0.18-0.32	0.40-0.70	0.57-0.66	-
Ootype ^W	0.27-0.43	0.20-0.40	0.44-0.98	0.50-0.55	-
Anterior testis ^L	0.29-0,56	1.24-2.24	0.70-1.43	0.41-1.82	-
Anterior testis ^W	0.32-0.55	2.55-1.38	1.63-2.63	1.23-1.62	-
Posterior testis ^L	0.26-0.50	1.30-2.34	0.94-1.75	0.52-1.85	-
Posterior testis ^W	0.31-0.74	1.74-2.55	0.94-2.27	1.10-1.92	-
Type of Acetabulum	*Cotylophoron*	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron	Paramphistomum
Acetabulum ^L	0.74-1.77	1.10-1.60	1.37-2.25	-	1.23-1.72
Acetabulum ^W	0.43-1.67	1.35-1.80	1.22-1.87	-	1.23-1.58
Egg ^L	0.08-0.14	0.102-0.108	0.057-0.083	0.100-0.151	0.115-0.040
Egg ^W	0.04-0.06	0.062-0.070	0.057-0.083	0.060-0.073	0.063-0.080
References	From this study	Alarcón & Velásquez (2009)Alarcón EP, Velásquez LE. Descripción morfológica de Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) hallado en bovinos de Rio Negro, Antioquia, Colombia. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu 2009; 22(2): 168-177.	Martínez & Velásquez (2012)Martínez JL, Velásquez LET. Cotylophoron panamensis (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) en bovinos del Meta y del Guaviare, Colombia. Acta Biol Colomb 2012; 17(2): 419-428.	Eduardo (1985)Eduardo SL. The taxonomy of the family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901 with special reference to the morphology of species occurring in ruminants. V. Revision of the genus Cotylophoron Stiles & Goldberger, 1910. Syst Parasitol 1985; 7(1): 3-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010157...	Eduardo (1985)Eduardo SL. The taxonomy of the family Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901 with special reference to the morphology of species occurring in ruminants. V. Revision of the genus Cotylophoron Stiles & Goldberger, 1910. Syst Parasitol 1985; 7(1): 3-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010157...
Character	Cotylophoron spp.
Character	Cotylophoron marajoensis n. sp.	*C. jacksoni*	*C. fuelleborni*	*C. bareilliensi*	*C. travassosi*
Host Locality Author	*Bubalus bubalis* Brazil	Bos indicus Brazil Nasmark,1937	Bos indicus and Capra hircus Brazil Nasmark, 1937	Capra hircus Brazil Mukherjee & Chauhan, 1965	Bos indicus Brazil (Costa & Guimarães, 1992Costa HMA, Guimarães MP. Cotylophoron travassosi sp. n. (Trematoda-Paramphistomidae) from cattle. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1992; 87(Suppl. 1): 69-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761992000500013. PMid:1343800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761992... )
Length	3.43-7.54	6.04-7.50	5.10-6.22	5.26-7.38	4.70-5.51
Width	2.63-3.43	2.13-3.14	1.90-2.43	1.90-2.43	2.67-3.30
Type of pharynx	*Liorchis*	Calicophoron	Calicophoron	Calicophoron	Calicophoron
Pharynx ^L	0.43-0.65	0.76-1.56	0.49-0.69	0.64-1.02	0.57-0.74
pharynx ^W	0.33-0.80	0.76-0.96	0.61-0.69	0.63-0.91	0.77-0.88
Esophageal bulb	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Esophagus ^L	0.42-0.79	0.40-0.70	0.47-0.66	0.25-0.30	0.40-0.72
Esophagus ^W	0.15-0.45	0.24-0.34	0.18-0.23	0.17-0.31	0.27-0.36
Type of Ventosa Genital	*Cotylophoron*	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron
Ventosa Genital ^L	0.43-0.78	0.27-0.39	0.46-0.69	0.24-0.38	0.60-0.93
Ventosa Genital ^W	0.46-1.66	-	0.49-0.62	-	0.75-0.92
Ovary ^L	0.32-0.95	0.70-0.93	0.33-0.47	0.61-0.86	0.73-1.05
Ovary ^W	0.37-0.63	0.56-0.79	0.36-0.52	0.49-0.88	0.88-1.14
Ootype ^L	0.33-0.59	0.44-0.64	0.19-0.47	0.44-0.58	0.40-0.64
Ootype ^W	0.27-0.43	0.40-0.78	0.23-0.52	0.47-0.72	0.51-0.76
Anterior testis ^L	0.29-0,56	0.46-1.00	0.64-0.77	0.32-0.51	0.48-0.59
Anterior testis ^W	0.32-0.55	0.70-1.08	0.61-0.84	0.45-0.71	0.64-0,90
Posterior testis ^L	0.26-0.50	0.48-1.18	0.53-0.81	0.33-0.53	0.35-0.63
Posterior testis ^W	0.31-0.74	0.54-1.22	0.56-0.87	0.51-0.76	0.73-0.94
Type of Acetabulum	*Cotylophoron*	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron	Cotylophoron
Acetabulum ^L	0.74-1.77	1.39-1.90	1.18-1.36	1.39-1.84	1.29-1.53
Acetabulum ^W	0.43-1.67	1.17-1.88	1.16-1.33	1.42-1.93	1.70-1.90
Egg ^L	0.08-0.14	0.120-0.140	0.130-0.150	0.130-0.161	0.120-0.150
Egg ^W	0.04-0.06	0.070-0.080	0.060-0.070	0.061-0.081	0.060-0.080
References	From this study	Miranda & Costa (1999)Miranda MA, Costa HMA. Report and redescription of some species of Cotylophoron (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in domestic ruminants of Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 1999; 8(1): 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003...	Miranda & Costa (1999)Miranda MA, Costa HMA. Report and redescription of some species of Cotylophoron (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in domestic ruminants of Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 1999; 8(1): 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003...	Miranda & Costa (1999)Miranda MA, Costa HMA. Report and redescription of some species of Cotylophoron (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in domestic ruminants of Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 1999; 8(1): 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003...	Miranda & Costa (1999)Miranda MA, Costa HMA. Report and redescription of some species of Cotylophoron (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in domestic ruminants of Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 1999; 8(1): 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbpv.01802003...

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[1] *Corresponding author: Elane Guerreiro Giese. E-mail: lheaufra@gmail.com