<i>Sarcocystis neurona</i>, seroprevalence of antibodies in equines and research of oocystis in opossum in Ilhéus - Itabuna microregion, Bahia, Brazil

Pellizzoni, Samantha Gusmão; Costa, Sônia Carmen Lopo; Mery, Raissa Barros Gracie; Barbieri, Jonata Melo; Munhoz, Alexandre Dias; Silva, Aísla Nascimento da; Sevá, Anaiá da Paixão; Alvarez, Martín Roberto del Valle; Albuquerque, George Rêgo

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612021054

Brasil

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 30 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612021054 linkcopy

Sarcocystis neurona, seroprevalence of antibodies in equines and research of oocystis in opossum in Ilhéus - Itabuna microregion, Bahia, Brazil

Sarcocystis neurona, seroprevalência de anticorpos em equinos e pesquisa de oocistos em gambás na microrregião de Ilhéus - Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in equines in the Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion (BA), and identify possible factors associated with infection. The presence of sporocysts/oocysts of Sarcocystis spp. was also verified in Didelphis spp. A total of 669 serum samples were collected from equines in 56 properties located in 12 municipalities in the region. Indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed with slides containing merozoites of the S. neurona, using a cut-off titer of 1:80. Occurrence of 7.92% of anti-S. neurona antibodies was observed in the sampled equines. The purposes trade and work were significantly associated with the presence of antibodies (p<0.05), and being used for the purpose of work (21.6%) was considered a risk factor, while being used for the purpose of trade (3.6%) was a protective factor. A total of 25 Didelphis spp. was captured for research on sporocysts/oocysts in stool samples and intestinal scrapings, being all negative. Didelphis spp. were all negative for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. and this circumstance does not change the fact that seroprevalence of S. neurona has been observed in horses raised in the southern Bahia.

Keywords: Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Sarcocystis; Didelphis

Municipality	Number of animals (IBGE ^* * According to Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic (IBGE, 2015); CI: Confidence interval. )	Number of sampled farms	Total of horses in all farms	Total of horses sampled	Number of Posive horses	Prevalence (%)
Municipality		Number of sampled farms	Total of horses in all farms	Total of horses sampled	Number of Posive horses	(CI 95%)
Barra do Rocha	102	5	20	14	1	7.1 (1.1-47.2)
Buerarema	410	5	74	41	6	14.6 (6.9-30.6)
Floresta Azul	800	4	261	100	6	6.0 (2.7-13.0)
Ibicarai	560	7	123	77	12	15.6 (9.2-26.2)
Gongogi	467	4	56	25	4	16.0 (6.5-39.3)
Ibirataia	104	5	44	32	0	0 (0.0 -0.0)
Itabuna	958	4	30	28	0	0 (0.0-0.0)
Itaju do Colônia	3431	4	860	186	8	4.3 (2.2-8.5)
Itapé	2881	8	334	74	6	8.1 (3.7-17.4)
Jussari	541	3	36	26	4	15.4 (6.2-37.9)
Santa Cruz da Vitória	808	3	225	54	5	9.3 (4.0-21.3)
São José	133	4	13	12	1	8.3 (1.2-54.4)
Total	11195	56	2076	669	53	7.9 (6.1-10.2)

Variables	Description	Seropositive		Seronegative		Multivariate Analysis		Univariate Analysis
Variables	Description	N	(%)	N	(%)	OR Adj (95%CI)	p value	OR Adj (95%CI)	p value
Purpose	Trade	2	3.6	53	96.4		<0.001
	Reproduction	18	6.8	248	93.2	1.66 (0.37-7.5)	0.511
	Sport	8	5.8	129	94.2	1.19 (0.24-6)	0.833
	Work	25	21.6	91	78.4	5.08 (1.11-23.33)	0.037
	WI	0	0.0	95	100.0

Type of food	Roughage only	10	7.3	127	92.7			0.75 (0.29-1.92)	0.548
	Concentrate only	0	0.0	2	100.0			0 (0,Inf)	0.984
	roughage and concentrate	33	7.2	427	92.8				0.093
	WI	10	14.3	60	85.7

Age	Young	11	7.6	133	92.4			1.22 (0.56-2.65)	0.614
	Adult	19	6.7	264	93.3				0.381
	Senior	23	9.5	219	90.5			1.57 (0.83-2.97)	0.167

Open horse stall	Yes	8	9.5	76	90.5
Open horse stall	No	45	7.7	540	92.3			1.06 (0.48-2.33)	0.891

Forage	Yes	43	7.2	552	92.8			0.6 (0.29-1.26)	0.197
Forage	No	10	13.5	64	86.5			0.6 (0.29-1.26)	0.197

Hay	Yes	7	3.8	179	96.2	0.47 (0.2-1.13)	0.074
Hay	No	46	9.5	437	90.5	0.47 (0.2-1.13)	0.074

Gender	Male	28	6.8	382	93.2			1.68 (0.95-2.97)	0.17
Gender	Female	25	9.7	234	90.3			1.68 (0.95-2.97)	0.17

Horses exhibition event	Yes	4	7.4	50	92.6			0.77 (0.27-2.22)	0.616
Horses exhibition event	No	49	8.0	566	92.0			0.77 (0.27-2.22)	0.616
Local	Horse stall only	5	5.5	86	94.5			334756.56 (0,Inf)	0.988
	Pasture only	40	8.1	451	91.9			645133.09 (0,Inf)	0.987
	Horse stall and pasture	8	9.5	76	90.5			614166.7 (0,Inf)	0.988
	WI	0	0.0	3	100.0

Number of animals on the farm	1-5	38	9.0	383	91.0			0.75 (0.52-1.09)	0.106
	15-30	10	7.0	132	93.0
	20-45	3	5.2	55	94.8
	>45	2	4.2	46	95.8

Neurological signs	Yes	2	11.0	50	96.2			1.82 (0.39-8.43)	0.474
Neurological signs	No	51	510.0	566	91.7			1.82 (0.39-8.43)	0.474

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Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[TFN1] ^*
According to Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistic (IBGE, 2015); CI: Confidence interval.