Morphological and molecular characterization of <i>Contracaecum australe</i> (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitizing <i>Phalacrocorax brasilianus</i> (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) on the north coast of Brazil

Santana, Ricardo Luis Sousa; Carvalho, Elaine Lopes de; Sindeaux Neto, José Ledamir; Silva, Michele Velasco Oliveira da; Pinheiro, Raul Henrique da Silva; Gonçalves, Evonnildo Costa; Giese, Elane Guerreiro

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612023039

Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana ^**Corresponding author: Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana. E-mail: ricardo.luis88@hotmail.com

Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-1437

Elaine Lopes de Carvalho

Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4177-9498

José Ledamir Sindeaux Neto

Laboratório de Sanidade em Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-0891

Michele Velasco Oliveira da Silva

Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Laboratório de Sanidade em Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2525-423X

Raul Henrique da Silva Pinheiro

Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3221-5017

Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves

Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-1995

Elane Guerreiro Giese

Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-1334

*Corresponding author: Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana. E-mail: ricardo.luis88@hotmail.com

Ethics declaration

Authorization for activities with a scientific purpose was provided by the System of Authorization and Information on Biodiversity-SISBIO, number: 74195 and under authorization of the Commission for Ethics in the Use of Animals CEUA-UFRA number: 6309230520.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Characters	Contracaecum australe		Contracaecum australe		Contracaecum australe		Contracaecum australe		Contracaecum rudolphii
Characters	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Host Localities Site of infection	Phalacrocorax brasilianus Pará-Brazil Proventriculus, Ventriculus		Phalacrocorax brasilianus Chile Ventriculus		Phalacrocorax brasilianus Argentina Ventriculus		Phalacrocorax gaimardi Argentina Ventriculus		Phalacrocorax brasilianus Brazil Proventriculus, Ventriculus
Body ^L	19.71-28.89	22.1−40.94	13.9−28.4	25.44−41.23	19.25−27.37	27−37	15.24−32.33	15.64−36.2	18−31	23−52
Body ^W	0.43−0.83	0.59−1.09	0.64−0.93	0.66−1.16	0.65−1	0.70−0.90	0.49−0.81	0.65−1.05	0.306−0.598	0.50−1.1
Nerve ring ^a	0.50−0.69	0.48−0.76	0.58−0.68	0.50−0.68	0.35-0.39	0.4−0.475	0.43−0.60	0.46−0.60	−	−
Deirids ^a	0.51−0.73	0.52−0.83	0.58−0.79	0.58−0.79	0.35-0.38	0.46−0.55	0.44−0.77	0.49−0.65	−	−
Oesophagus ^L	2.36−3.64	2.89−5.09	2.62−4.6	1.52−3.95	4.12−4.4	3.62−4.5	2.23−3.45	2.56−3.5	2.4−3.8	2.4−5.4
Intestinal cecum ^L	1.5−2.66	2.06−3.46	1.56−3.24	1.3−2.86	3.57−4	3.7−4.25	1.6−2.6	1.66−2.57	2.1−2.9	1.6−3.6
Ventriculus ^L	0.11−0.24	0.18−0.40	0.20−0.38	0.14−0.28	0.1−0.15	0.19−0.23	0.14−0.25	0.2−0.33	−	−
Ventricular appendix ^L	0.56−1.03	0.56−1.49	0.87−1.41	0.57−0.91	0.75−0.85	0.62−0.92	0.73−1.36	0.69−1.33	0.8−1.2	0.6−1.5
Vulva ^a a = distance from the anterior region to;	−	7.59−14.15	−	8.25−10.87	−	8.32−8.45	−	4.70−15.36	−	9.7−21.3
Embryonated egg (µm)	−	55−60	−	63−71	−	47−57	−	50−70	−	91−105
Spicule ^L	9.54−13.91	−	9.6−15.88	−	9.2−10.45	−	7.2−10.44	−	4.5−8.2	−
Precloacal papillae (pairs)	27−38	−	27−32	−	32−40	−	27−43	−	>30^b b =more than 30 pairs of precloacal papillae;	−
Median papilla	1	−	1	−	1	−	−	−	−	−
Postcloacal papillae (pares)	6+1^c	−	6+1^c	−	6+1^c	−	6+1^c c = +1 pair of phasmids;	−	7	−
Tail ^L	0.15−0.27	0.29−0.49	0.18−0.24	0.28−0.58	0.12−0.35	0.12−0.3	0.17−0.25	0.22−0.40	0.14−0.235	0.20−0.60
Ratio BL/BW	34.81-44.6	37.5-37.6	21.72-30.54*	35.54-38.54*	27.37-29.62*	38.57-41.1*	31.10-39.79*	24.06-34.48*	51.8-58.8*	46-47.27*
Ratio BL/EL	7.94-8.35	7.65-8.04	5.31-6.17*	10.44-16.74*	4.67-6.22*	7.46-8.2*	6.83-9.34*	6.11-10.34*	7.5-8.15*	9.58-9.63*
Ratio BL/TL	107-131,4	76.2-83.55	77.22-118.3*	1.17-1.38*	78.2-160.4*	0.98-1.06*	89.65-128.9*	1.36-1.54*	128.6-131.9*	1.5-1.5*
Ratio EL/ICL	1.37-1.57	1.40-1.47	1.42-1.68*	2.67-4.34*	1.1-1.15*	4.89-5.84*	1.33-1.39*	2.63-3.71*	1.14-1.31*	3.6-4*
Ratio EL/VAL	3.53-4.21	3.42-5.16	3.01-3.26*	71.09-90.86*	5.17-5.49*	123.3-225*	2.54-3.05*	71.09-90.5*	3-3.17*	86.67-115*
Ratio BL/SL	2.07-2.08	-	1.45-1.79^* * ratios calculated with maximum and minimum values provided by the authors.	-	2.09-2.62*	-	2.12-3.09*	-	3.78-4*	-
Number of specimens	15	15	10	10	8	4	10	10	30	30
References	Present study		Garbin et al. (2011)Garbin L, Mattiucci S, Paoletti M, González-Acuña D, Nascetti G. Genetic and morphological evidences for the existence of a new species of Contracaecum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasite of Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin) from Chile and its genetic relationships with congeners from fish-eating birds. J Parasitol 2011; 97(3): 476-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2450.1. PMid:21506861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2450.1...		Biolé et al. (2012)Biolé FG, Guagliardo SE, Mancini MA, Tanzola RD, Salinas V, Morra G. Primer registro de Contracaecum australe (Nematoda: Anisakidae) en Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) de la región central de Argentina. BioScriba 2012; 5(1): 1-11.		Garbin et al. (2014)Garbin L, Sofía C, Inés DJ, Annick M, Ana M, Graciela N. Nuevo hospedador y registro geográfico de Contracaecum australe (Nematoda, Anisakidae) parasitando a Phalacrocorax gaimardi (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) en costas del Atlántico Sudoccidental. Rev Arg Parasitol 2014; 2(3): 6-11.		Amato et al. (2006)Amato JFR, Monteiro CM, Amato SB. Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from the Neotropical Cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin) (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) in southern Brazil. Rev Bras Zool 2006; 23(4): 1284-1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752006000400046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752006...

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)	(16)	(17)	(18)	(19)	(20)
(1) Study present	-
(2) Contracaecum australe	0.000	-
(3) Contracaecum chubutensis	0.021	0.022	-
(4) Contracaecum rudolphii A	0.046	0.048	0.032	-
(5) Contracaecum rudolphii B	0.032	0.032	0.024	0.018	-
(6) Contracaecum rudolphii C	0.043	0.045	0.029	0.012	0.015	-
(7) Contracaecum rudolphii D	0.044	0.046	0.035	0.022	0.018	0.019	-
(8) Contracaecum rudolphii E	0.046	0.048	0.033	0.018	0.015	0.015	0.016	-
(9) Contracaecum rudolphii F	0.044	0.046	0.033	0.018	0.015	0.015	0.015	0.009	-
(10) Contracaecum microcephalum	0.132	0.132	0.129	0.143	0.125	0.135	0.141	0.135	0.133	-
(11) Contracaecum eudyptulae	0.041	0.043	0.030	0.025	0.020	0.022	0.025	0.025	0.024	0.145	-
(12) Contracaecum ogmorhini	0.043	0.044	0.032	0.016	0.013	0.013	0.013	0.007	0.004	0.131	0.022	-
(13) Contracaecum septentrionale	0.057	0.059	0.044	0.051	0.045	0.048	0.054	0.049	0.046	0.121	0.047	0.048	-
(14) Contracaecum fagerholmi	0.067	0.069	0.065	0.074	0.058	0.071	0.076	0.069	0.067	0.143	0.063	0.069	0.068	-
(15) Contracaecum bioccai	0.059	0.060	0.055	0.067	0.053	0.062	0.072	0.064	0.063	0.145	0.059	0.062	0.061	0.044	-
(16) Contracaecum overstreeti	0.563	0.562	0.549	0.542	0.555	0.552	0.555	0.557	0.564	0.538	0.555	0.560	0.559	0.593	0.570	-
(17) Contracaecum bancrofti	0.248	0.250	0.246	0.258	0.237	0.253	0.264	0.249	0.256	0.247	0.254	0.249	0.249	0.272	0.257	0.491	-
(18) Contracaecum multipapillatum	0.526	0.525	0.513	0.504	0.518	0.513	0.515	0.517	0.524	0.498	0.518	0.521	0.515	0.547	0.525	0.051	0.455	-
(19) Contracaecum variegatum	0.046	0.048	0.033	0.019	0.013	0.013	0.021	0.016	0.016	0.129	0.024	0.015	0.051	0.067	0.060	0.561	0.259	0.523	-
(20) Strongylus edentatus	200.929	201.366	202.207	199.080	201.449	200.181	195.991	202.939	201.390	244.617	197.807	202.597	210.689	210.485	208.835	212.943	191.009	211.865	202.826	-
(21) Strongylus vulgaris	198.510	198.962	198.694	203.889	204.518	202.794	199.211	204.572	203.778	240.223	197.803	204.213	208.147	215.524	212.098	210.092	192.109	203.905	203.002	0.198

[1] *Corresponding author: Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana. E-mail: ricardo.luis88@hotmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Morphological and molecular characterization of Contracaecum australe (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitizing Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) on the north coast of Brazil

Caracterização morfológica e molecular de Contracaecum australe (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitando Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Aves: Phalacrocoracidae) no litoral norte do Brasil

Abstract