<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in domestic and wild animals from forest fragments of the municipality of Natal, northeastern Brazil

Fournier, Gislene Fátima da Silva Rocha; Lopes, Marcos Gomes; Marcili, Arlei; Ramirez, Diego Garcia; Acosta, Igor Cunha Lima; Ferreira, Juliana Isabel Giuli da Silva; Cabral, Aline Diniz; Lima, Júlia Tereza Ribeiro de; Pena, Hilda Fátima de Jesus; Dias, Ricardo Augusto; Gennari, Solange Maria

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612014092

Brasil

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 23 (4) • Dec 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612014092 linkcopy

Toxoplasma gondii in domestic and wild animals from forest fragments of the municipality of Natal, northeastern Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii em animais domésticos e silvestres de fragmentos florestais do município de Natal, nordeste do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Toxoplasmosis stands out as a global disease that has felines as definitive hosts. In the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, two parks are notable for their ecological and social importance. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in short hair cats, bats and small non-volant mammals in these two ecological reserves. Altogether, biological samples were obtained from 154 mammals, 92 wild animals from both areas and 62 domestic cats of the Parque da Cidade. In total, 22 (53.7%) non-volant wild mammals, 11 (21.5%) bats and 28 (52.8%) cats were positive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies using the Modified Agglutination Test (≥ 25). It was possible to detect the presence of T. gondii DNA, by means of a molecular amplification of a B1 gene fragment (155bp), in 92 tissue samples from wild animals, including Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina. Of the 62 cats examined by the same molecular method, T. gondii DNA could be detected in 4 cats. In this study, it was observed the circulation of T. gondii in wild species and domestic cats, demonstrating the involvement of wild and domestic animals in the cycle of T. gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii; wild mammals; feral cats; Natal City; Brazil

Order	Species	Common Name	Number of Specimens
Order	Species	Common Name	Parque da Cidade	Parque das Dunas	Total
Rodentia	Necromys lasiurus	hairy-tailed bolo	20	0	2
	Thrichomys apereoides	mouse	0	1	1
	Rattus rattus	spiny rat black rat		1	1
Chiroptera	Artibeus lituratus	neotropical fruit bat	1	15	16
	Myotis nigricans	neotropical fruit bat	0	14	14
	Uroderma bilobatum	neotropical fruit bat	1	7	8
	Sturnira lilium	neotropical fruit bat	1	0	1
	Carollia perspicillata	short-tailed fruit bats	6	1	7
	Lichonycteris degener	neotropical fruit bat	2	0	2
	Glossophaga soricina	pallas's long-tongued bat	0	2	2
	Centronycteris maximiliani	shaggy Bat	0	1	1
Carnivora	Lycalopex vetulus	hoary fox	1	0	1
Cingulata	Euphractus sexcinctus	six-banded armadillo	2	0	2
Didelphimorphia	Didelphis albiventris	white-eared opossum	14	11	25
	Monodelphis domestica	gray short-tailed opossum	4	0	4
	Caluromys philander	bare-tailed woolly opossum	0	1	1
	Cryptonanus agricolai	agricola's gracile opossum	0	1	1
Primates	Callithrix jacchus	common marmoset	0	3	3
Total			34	58	92

Code	Species	Location	Organs Examined for B1								MAT
Code	Species	Location	He	Br	To	Sp	Li	Ki	Lu	Bl	MAT
24S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque da Cidade	N	N	N	P	P	N	N	N	<25
46S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque das Dunas	P	P	N	P	P	P	P	N	<25
42S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque das Dunas	P	P	P	N	N	N	N	N	25
74S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque das Dunas	P	P	N	N	N	N	N	N	<25
73S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque das Dunas	N	P	N	P	P	N	P	N	<25
97S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque das Dunas	N	N	N	P	N	N	N	N	<25
98S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque das Dunas	P	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	<25
99S	Artibeus lituratus (great fruit-eating bat)	Parque das Dunas	N	P	N	N	N	N	N	N	<25
16S	Carollia perspicillata (Seba's short-tailed bat)	Parque da Cidade	P	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	25
17S	Carollia perspicillata (Seba's short-tailed bat)	Parque da Cidade	P	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	50
40S	Glossophaga soricina (Pallas's long-tongued bat)	Parque das Dunas	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	P	<25
28S	Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum)	Parque da Cidade	N	P	N	P	N	P	N	N	3200
48S	Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum)	Parque das Dunas	P	P	N	N	N	N	N	N	25
68S	Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum)	Parque das Dunas	N	N	N	P	N	N	N	N	25
25S	Monodelphis domestica (gray short-tailed opossum)	Parque da Cidade	N	P	N	N	N	N	N	N	50
Total positives			7	8	1	6	3	2	2	1	7

Code	Age	Sex	Tissue positive in B1							MAT
Code	Age	Sex	He	Br	To	Ut	Te	Bl	Fe	MAT
G69	Adult	Female	P	P	N	P	–	N	P	12.800
G213	Young	Male	–	–	–	–	P	N	–	25
G27	Adult	Female	–	–	–	N	–	P	–	100
G110	Young	Female	–	–	–	N	–	P	–	100
G107	Young	Female	N	P	N	N	–	–	–	–
Total			1	2	0	1	1	2	1	4

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Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[TFN01] N = Negative; P = Positive; He = heart; Br = brain; To = tongue; Sp = spleen; Li = liver; Ki = kidney; Lu = lung; Bl = blood; MAT = modified agglutination test.