1st. field experiment |
Passaúna reservoir (lacustrine zone) |
Brazil (Cfb) |
Natural |
0.05; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 |
27.95 and 94.70 h |
borosilicate tubes |
Natural DOM |
20 |
DOC; fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy; phosphorus and total nitrogen; dissolved oxygen; temperature; transparency; turbidity; pH. |
2nd. field experiment |
24.62 and 93.27 h |
Natural DOM Natural DOM+HA Natural DOM+ Tyr+Trp |
Geller (1986)Geller, A. (1986). Comparison of mechanisms enhancing biodegradability of refractory lake water constituents. Limnology and Oceanography, 31(4), 755-764. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.4.0755. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.4.0...
|
Lacustrine |
Germany (Cfb) |
‒ |
06 weeks |
borosilicate flasks with screw caps with Teflon gaskets and laboratory window lab glass |
Sterile solution of DOM macromolecule concentrated 5 times |
N/I |
interference of photodegradation in biodegradation; DOC; Sephadex G-15 gel permeation chromatography |
Reitner et al. (1997)Reitner, B., Herndl, G. J., & Herzig, A. (1997). Role of ultraviolet-B radiation on photochemical and microbial oxygen consumption in a humic-rich shallow lake. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(5), 950-960. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5.0950. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5.0...
|
Austria (Cfb) |
0.03 |
4 to 8 h |
quartz bottles |
DOC total, humic-DOC and non-humic DOC |
120 |
Absorbance (365 and 250 nm); DOC; epifluorescence microscopy; pH. |
Azevedo (2005)Azevedo, J. C. R. (2005). Estudo biogeoquímico da lagoa dos Patos-MS, pertencente a planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (Tese de doutorado). Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá.
|
Brazil (Cfa) |
Natural (direct sunlight) and artificial |
‒ |
28 h (natural) 96 h (artificial) |
borosilicate tubes |
SH extracted from water, sediment, and soil adjacent to the lagoon |
15 |
DOC; fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy. |
Artificial And natural (direct sunlight and through the water column) |
0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.7; 2.0 |
29 h (direct sunlight); 33 to 78 hours (sunlight through the water column) 96 hours (artificial) |
borosilicate tubes |
Natural DOM |
15 (sunlight direct) and Complete tube (sunlight through the water column) |
DOC; fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy. |
Obernosterer & Herndl (2000)Obernosterer, I., & Herndl, G. J. (2000). Differences in the optical and biological reactivity of the humic and nonhumic dissolved organic carbon component in two contrasting coastal marine environments. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(5), 1120-1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.5.1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.5.1...
|
Marine |
Croatia (Cfa) and Netherlands (Cfb) |
Natural |
Surface |
5 to 8 hours |
quartz bottles |
DOC total, humic-DOC and non-humic DOC |
1000 |
DOC, fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy; BOD; fluorescence and UV-Vis; epifluorescence microscopy. |
Miller & Moran (1997)Miller, W. L., & Moran, M. A. (1997). Interaction of photochemical and microbial processes in the degradation of refractory dissolved organic matter from a coastal marine environment. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(6), 1317-1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.6.1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.6.1...
|
Salt wetland |
USA (Cfb and Cfa) |
Artificial |
‒ |
4 hours |
Glass chamber with thermostat (20 ° C) with an optical quartz window and airtight quartz tubes |
Natural salt DOM + humic substances or + deionized water; Artificial salt water + humic substances or + deionized water |
1200 and 25 |
Bacterial protein production |
Mopper & Stahovec (1986)Mopper, K., & Stahovec, W. L. (1986). Sources and sinks of low molecular weight organic carbonyl compounds in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 19(4), 305-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(86)90052-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(86)9...
|
Coastal marine |
USA |
Natural and artificial |
‒ |
4 or 8 hours |
quartz flasks |
Natural DOM |
‒ |
DOC and DIC; fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy; HPLC |
Moran, et al., 2000 (2000)Moran, M. A., Sheldon Junior, W. M., & Zepp, R. G. (2000). Carbon loss and optical property changes during long-term photochemical and biological degradation of estuarine dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(6), 1254-1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.6.1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.6.1...
|
Fluvial/ estuarine |
(Cfb and Cfa) |
Artificial |
6 and 7 days |
2000 |
DOC and DIC and UV-Vis spectroscopy; measurement of optical properties; bacterial breathing |
Ziegler & Benner (2000)Ziegler, S., & Benner, R. (2000). Effects of solar radiation on dissolved organic matter cycling in a subtropical seagrass meadow. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(2), 257-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.2.0257. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.2.0...
|
Estuarine |
|
Natural |
0.01 |
24 hours |
quartz bottles |
90 |
Photochemical DOM effect on bacterial production; DAPI-stained epifluorescence microscopy; DOC and DIC; absorbance spectrophotometry; bacterial protein production. |
Findlay et al. (2001)Findlay, S., Quinn, J. M., Hickey, C. W., Burrell, G., & Downes, M. (2001). Effects of land use and riparian flowpath on delivery of dissolved organic carbon to streams. Limnology and Oceanography, 46(2), 345-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.2.0345. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.2.0...
|
Groundwater or underground aquifer |
New Zeeland |
‒ |
2 hours |
Shallow tanks |
1000 |
labile DOM; fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy; phosphorus and nitrogen; bacterial metabolism |
(Cfb) |
Jørgensen et al. (1998)Jørgensen, N. O. G., Tranvik, L., Edling, H., Granéli, W., & Lindell, M. (1998). Effects of sunlight on occurrence and bacterial turnover of specific carbon and nitrogen compounds in lake water. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 25(3), 217-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(97)00096-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(97)...
|
Lacustrine |
Sweden (Cfb) |
|
Surface |
7 hours (irradiation period centered on solar noon) |
Quartz tubes |
190 |
HPLC and pulsed amperometric detection; epifluorescence microscopy; total dissolved nitrogen; bacterial protein production |
Lindell et al. (1995)Lindell, M. J., Granéli, W., & Tranvik, L. J. (1995). Enhanced bacterial growth in response to photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 40(1), 195-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.1.0195. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.1.0...
|
Artificial |
‒ |
0; 0,5; 1 ;2; 4; 8; 16; 32; and 64 or 100 hours |
40 |
Bacterial biomass; DOC; color and nitrogen and phosphorus; |
Lindell et al. (1996)Lindell, M. J., Granéli, W., & Tranvik, L. J. (1996). Effects of sunlight on bacterial growth in lakes of different humic content. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 11, 135-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame011135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame011135...
|
Natural |
Surface to depth measured with Secchi's disk |
From sunrise to sunset |
Quartz tubes (transparent) and borosilicate tubes (dark control) |
190 |
Bacterial biomass; DOC; color; pH; bacterial protein production. |
Tranvik & Bertilsson (2001)Tranvik, L. J., & Bertilsson, S. (2001). Contrasting effects of solar UV radiation on dissolved organic sources for bacterial growth. Ecology Letters, 4(5), 458-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00245.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.20...
|
Artificial |
‒ |
12 hours |
Polypropylene bags transparent to UV radiation |
400 |
COD; UV-Vis spectroscopy; photochemical production of carboxylic acid (difference between irradiated samples and dark controls at the end of radiation exposure; fluorimetric analysis of chlorophyll-α. |
Bertilsson & Tranvik (2000)Bertilsson, S., & Tranvik, L. J. (2000). Photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter in lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(4), 753-762. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.4.0753. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.4.0...
|
Quartz tubes |
70 |
DIC and DOC; fluorescence spectroscopy (in QSU) and UV-Vis; carboxylic acids: oxalic, malonic, formic and acetic (electrophoresis separation). |