Aplicação da Governança Multinível em uma bacia hidrográfica compartilhada

Assis, Wanessa Dunga de; Ribeiro, Márcia Maria Rios; Silva, Simone Rosa da

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Scientific/Technical Article • RBRH 25 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.252020190164 copiar

Aplicação da Governança Multinível em uma bacia hidrográfica compartilhada

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Sistemas de governança de água devem ser eficientes em estabelecer políticas capazes de nortear a tomada de decisão. Os arcabouços precisam ponderar a complexidade intrínseca das interações interescala e multinível. Aspectos como descentralização e comprometimento entre as partes interessadas são pilares a serem considerados. Existem desafios a serem vencidos em bacias compartilhadas (nacionais ou internacionais) uma vez que há a necessidade de gerenciar a água em diferentes escalas e múltiplos níveis. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o grau de implementação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos em uma bacia federal compartilhada (a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco) no seu nível macro e no nível micro (as 34 sub-bacias que a compõe). São analisadas as interrelações multiníveis na implementação da política hídrica como balizador da governança da água. Para tal, considera-se o Princípio 2 da Governança da Água da OECD (Gerenciar a água em escalas apropriadas) como fundamento para essa análise. Uma adaptação da metodologia do Quadro de Indicadores da Governança da Água é usada para classificar as 34 sub-bacias em distintos estágios de implementação da política hídrica. Os resultados apontam para deficiências no processo de implementação da política em sub-bacias. Há necessidade de melhores interações nos níveis federal, estadual e das bacias hidrográficas a fim de fortalecer o sistema de governança.

Palavras-chave:
Política de recursos hídricos; Domínio da água; Instrumentos de gestão

Degrees		Description
Committees	Very High	Installed committees – intense actions
	High	Installed committees – but only a few actions put in place
	Median	Recently installed committees and little actions are taken
	Low	Committees under installation process
	Very Low	No action was taken to install the committee in the river basin
Water Plans	Very High	Plans having their planning horizons reached and updated
	High	Plans remain in their planning horizons
	Median	Plans having their planning horizons reached without updates
	Low	Plan elaboration proposition in course
	Very Low	No action was taken to elaborate the plan in the river basin
Water permits	Very High	Implemented water permits and high supervision
	High	Implemented water permits and partial supervision
	Median	Implemented water permits and little or no supervision
	Low	Water permits proposition by the legislation; its implementation is in course
	Very Low	No action was taken to implement the water permits system in the river basin
Water charges	Very High	Stabilized water charges with updates / defaults lower than 10%
	High	Water charges at adaptation stage / stabilized, without updates / defaults higher than 10%
	Median	Recently implemented water charges and collection lower than 50%
	Low	Water charges under the implementation process
	Very Low	No action to implement the water charges system in the river basin
IS	Very High	Monitoring and outspreading updated information
	High	Monitoring and outspreading information that is not often updated
	Median	The system/platform is in place, but it only has little information
	Low	The proposition to create an information system / implementation phase
	Very Low	The quali-quantivative situation of water resources are not monitored
SC	Very High	Existing SC with planning horizon reached and updated
	High	Existing SC still in the planning horizon
	Median	Existing SC with reached planning horizon, without updated
	Low	SC proposition elaboration (discussion) in course
	Very Low	No action was taken to elaborate a SC proposition

	Sub-basin	Domain	Committee	Plans	Water permits	Water charges	SC	IS
Upper SFRB	Afluentes Mineiros Alto SF	MG	High	High	High	Low	Low	Median
	Para	MG	Very High	Median	High	High	Low	Median
	Paraopeba	MG	High	High	High	Low	Low	Median
	Entorno Três Marias	MG	High	High	High	Low	Low	Median
	Velhas	MG	Very High	Very High	High	High	Very High	High
	Paracatu	MG/DF/GO*	Low	Median	High	Low	Median	Median
	Rio de Janeiro/Formoso	MG	Very Low	Very low	High	Low	Very Low	Median
	Jequitai	MG	High	High	High	Low	Median	Median
	Alto Preto	MG/DF/GO*	Low	High	High	High	Low	Median
	Urucuia	MG	High	High	High	Low	Low	Median
	Pacui	MG	High	High	High	Low	High	Median
	Verde Grande	MG/BA*	Very High	High	High	High	High	Very High
	Pandeiros/Pardo/Manga	MG	High	High	High	Low	Low	Median
	Carinhanha	MG/BA*	Very Low	High	High	Low	Low	Median
Middle SFRB	Corrente	BA	High	Median	High	Low	Low	Median
	Paramirim/St Onofre	BA	High	High	High	Low	High	Median
	Alto Grande	BA	High	Median	High	Low	Low	Median
	Medio/Baixo Grande	BA	High	Median	High	Low	Low	Median
	Banks of Sobradinho Lake	BA	High	Very Low	High	Low	Very Low	Median
	Verde/Jacare	BA	High	Very High	High	Low	High	Median
Sub-Middle SFRB	Rio do Pontal	PE	Low	Median	Median	Low	Very Low	Median
	Salitre	BA	High	Very High	High	Low	High	Median
	Garças/GI6/GI7	PE	Low	Median	Median	Low	Very Low	Median
	Curaça	BA	Very Low	Median	High	Low	Very Low	Median
	Brigida	PE	Low	Median	Median	Low	Very Low	Median
	Terra Nova/GI4/GI5	PE	Low	Median	Median	Low	Very Low	Median
	Macurure	BA	Very Low	Median	High	Low	Very Low	Median
	Pajeu/GI3	PE	Very Low	Median	Median	Low	Very Low	Median
	Moxoto	PE/AL^* * Federal Government Domain	Low	Median	High	Low	Low	Median
Lower SFRB	Seco/Talhada	AL	Very Low	Very Low	High	Low	Very Low	Median
	Curituba	SE	Low	Very Low	Median	Low	Very Low	High
	Alto Ipanema	PE/AL*	Low	Very Low	High	Low	Low	Median
	Bx. Ipanema/Bx. SF (AL)	PE/AL*	Low	Very Low	High	Low	Low	Median
	Baixo SF (SE)	SE	Very Low	Very Low	Median	Low	Low	High

Associação Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 91501-970, Tel: (51) 3493 2233, Fax: (51) 3308 6652 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: rbrh@abrh.org.br

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[1] E-mails: w_dunga@hotmail.com (WDA), marcia.ribeiro@ufcg.edu.br (MMRR), simonerosa@poli.br (SRS)

Effectiveness	Relates to the contribution of governance to define clear sustainable water policy goals and targets at all levels of government, to implement those policy goals, and to meet expected targets
	Principles
	1. Clearly allocate and distinguish roles and responsibilities for water policymaking, policy implementation, operational management and regulation, and foster co-ordination across these responsible authorities;
	2. Manage water at the appropriate scale(s) within integrated basin governance systems to reflect local conditions, and foster co-ordination between the different scales;
	3. Encourage policy coherence through effective cross-sectoral co-ordination, especially between policies for water and the environment, health, energy, agriculture, industry, spatial planning and land use;
	4. Adapt the level of capacity of responsible authorities to the complexity of water challenges to be met, and to the set of competencies required to carry out their duties.
Efficiency	Relates to the contribution of governance to maximise the benefits of sustainable water management and welfare at the least cost to society
	Principles
	5. Produce, update, and share timely, consistent, comparable and policy-relevant water and water-related data and information, and use it to guide, assess and improve water policy;
	6. Ensure that governance arrangements help mobilise water finance and allocate financial resources in an efficient, transparent and timely manner;
	7. Ensure that sound water management regulatory frameworks are effectively implemented and enforced in pursuit of the public interest;
	8. Promote the adoption and implementation of innovative water governance practices across responsible authorities, levels of government and relevant stakeholders.
Trust and Engagement	Relate to the contribution of governance to building public confidence and ensuring inclusiveness of stakeholders through democratic legitimacy and fairness for society at large
	Principles
	9. Mainstream integrity and transparency across water policies, water institutions and water governance frameworks for greater accountability and trust in decision-making;
	10. Promote stakeholder engagement for informed and outcome-oriented contributions to water policy design and implementation;
	11. Encourage water governance frameworks that help manage trade-offs across water users, rural and urban areas, and generations;
	12. Promote regular monitoring and evaluation of water policy and governance where appropriate, share the results with the public and make adjustments when needed.