Análise estatística da hidroquimica e caracterização isotópica das águas subterrâneas da Bacia dos Parecis

Stradioto, Marcia Regina; Teramoto, Elias Hideo; Chang, Hung Kiang

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Sumário

Scientific/Technical Article • RBRH 26 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.262120210087 copiar

Análise estatística da hidroquimica e caracterização isotópica das águas subterrâneas da Bacia dos Parecis

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O conhecimento dos mecanismos que controlam a hidroquímica das águas subterrâneas é um requisito fundamental para compreender a evolução hidroquímica e avaliar a qualidade da água dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos. Por consequência, para compreender o processo que governa a variabilidade da hidroquímica e dinâmica de escoamento dos aquíferos Parecis e Ronuro, foi empregado uma abordagem combinando o uso de análises estatísticas e caracterização isotópica. A matriz de correlação permitiu verificar que os maiores coeficientes de correlação foram observados entre HCO₃^-, Ca^2+, Mg²⁺ - Sr^2+, SO₄^2-. e F^-, sugerindo que esses parâmetros são derivados da mesma fonte, provavelmente a interação rocha/água. Adicionalmente, também observamos correlação moderada a alta entre NO₃^-, Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺ e Ba^{2 +}, que coletivamente são indicativos da contaminação por efluente doméstico. Complementarmente, a Análise de Componentes Principais permitiu identificar que grande parte da variância da histoquímica das amostras avaliadas é controlada por HCO₃^-, Ca²⁺ e Mg²⁺ associados à interação rocha-água. Quanto aos valores dos isótopos ¹⁸O e ²H, foi possível notar que as recargas do aquífero são de origem meteórica e que as amostras do Aquífero Ronuro são mais enriquecidas que as amostras SAP. Os resultados alcançados reforçam a capacidade das técnicas de análise estatística multivarida para discernir o processo principal que controla a variabilidade da hidroquímica da água subterrânea.

Palavras-chave:
Hidroquímica; Aquífero Parecis; Aquífero Ronuro; Estatística multivariada; Isótopos estáveis

Sample	Aquifer	Depth	Electrical conductivity	pH	HCO₃^-	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	NO₃^-	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Si	F^-	Sr²⁺	Al³⁺	Ba²⁺	Fe²⁺	Pb²⁺	Zn²⁺	Mn²⁺	Cu²⁺	δ¹⁸O	δ²H
Sample	Aquifer	(m)	μS/cm		mg/L																		‰
1	parecis	80	85.3	6.88	36.7	0.24	8.32	< 0.04	6.41	3.18	4.46	1.51	17.1	0.13	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.07	< 0.005	0.01	0.03	< 0.004	ND	ND
2	parecis	80	171	6.21	21.7	17	3.73	33.2	8.73	1.47	17.5	4.85	13.4	0.10	0.02	0.03	0.31	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.23	< 0.004	-7.2	-42.9
3	parecis	60	67.8	6.01	7.04	2.27	0.12	21.6	0.23	1.83	4.22	6.52	6.71	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.39	0.04	< 0.005	0.02	0.04	< 0.004	-6.92	-41.5
4	parecis	18	48	6.2	7.24	1.89	3.79	7.27	1.52	1.04	3.69	2.6	5.7	0.09	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.03	< 0.005	0.01	0.01	< 0.004	-6.72	-41
5	parecis	76.5	78.6	6.76	7.3	10.1	2.11	13.4	4.05	0.55	11.4	1.82	3.33	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.08	0.04	0.02	0.10	0.39	0.02	-7.6	-47.1
6	parecis	52	123	4.01	0	5.84	0.07	34.7	0.54	0.31	7.47	1.55	4.43	0.04	< 0.005	0.97	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.01	-7.19	-46.5
7	parecis	120	23	6.81	9.22	1.62	0.51	0.38	2.39	0.20	1.62	0.38	3.58	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.03	< 0.005	0.17	0.03	0.05	-5.63	-40.4
8	parecis	83	26.1	5.92	7.53	1.76	0.22	0.72	1.59	0.21	1.26	0.43	3.52	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.11	0.01	0.02	-6.5	-44.1
9	parecis	90	10.9	5.19	3.84	0.39	0.22	0.22	0.45	0.05	0.58	1.21	1.58	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	ND	ND
10	parecis	90	20.6	5.85	7.63	2.26	0.27	0.54	3.16	0.26	1.49	1.44	3.33	0.02	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.14	0.02	0.01	-6.09	-42.8
11	parecis	72	382	6.77	99.7	23.7	2.93	45.8	21	17.7	8.55	1.38	21.4	0.17	0.12	0.01	0.21	0.01	0.01	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.17	-43.6
12	parecis	35	37.6	5.86	5.92	0.95	0.08	11.8	0.15	0.06	8.03	0.6	2.81	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	0.01	0.04	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	0.01	-6.77	-47.8
13	parecis	25	113	4.86	1.35	11	3.44	31.2	1.17	2.4	9.98	6.7	5.18	0.05	0.02	0.18	0.57	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.01	-5.81	-39.7
14	parecis	42	54.2	4.71	0	6.02	0.12	13.8	0.42	0.38	5.97	1.52	4.14	0.02	< 0.005	0.13	0.07	0.01	0.01	< 0.005	0.36	0.01	-6.23	-40.6
15	parecis	40	39.9	4.66	0.97	1.77	0.05	12	0.09	0.04	5.5	0.21	2.78	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.05	0.01	0.02	< 0.005	0.04	0.02	0.01	-6.82	-45.8
16	parecis	80	75.3	4.54	0	3.26	0.15	26.3	0.27	0.15	10.8	0.75	3.85	0.03	< 0.005	0.2	0.03	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.04	< 0.004	-6.82	-43.7
17	parecis	32	134	6.28	21	8.88	5.19	29.5	2.42	1.27	24	0.81	2.25	0.03	< 0.005	0.03	0.01	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.004	-6.46	-42.0
18	parecis	10	142	6.97	88.1	0.17	0.07	0.16	16.2	8.84	0.22	< 0.1	2.71	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.12	-39.6
19	parecis	22	32.2	5.94	10.6	0.21	0.12	4.95	0.69	0.26	2.27	4.05	8.26	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.23	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	0.01	-6.37	-40.8
20	Ronuro	60	8.5	5.19	1.8	0.3	0.07	0.41	0.25	0.15	0.36	< 0.1	4.34	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	0.02	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-5.27	-33.6
21	Ronuro	120	12.8	5.02	1.32	0.23	0.04	2.42	0.11	0.03	1.25	< 0.1	3.61	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.03	0.01	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.004	-5.85	-38.1
22	Ronuro	100	12.4	5	1.02	0.56	0.07	2.04	0.05	0.02	1.46	< 0.1	4	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	0.01	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-5.89	-35.8
23	Ronuro	32	7.1	5.04	0.84	0.33	0.09	0.06	0.08	0.04	0.23	< 0.1	2.8	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	-5.7	-35.8
24	Ronuro	30	5.6	5.1	0.78	0.33	0.07	0.28	0.04	0.01	0.45	< 0.1	3.28	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-5.00	-29.4
25	Ronuro	8	77.1	4.58	0	4.74	0.11	23.2	0.63	1.58	0.93	9.86	1.63	< 0.01	0.01	0.13	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.09	< 0.004	-5.2	-31.1
26	Ronuro	100	42.8	4.58	0.7	3.57	0.16	10.6	0.33	0.13	4.2	0.53	4.04	0.01	< 0.005	0.36	0.01	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.004	-5.63	-33.0
27	Ronuro	38	79.5	5.82	7.75	6.2	0.66	20.3	0.06	0.02	9.93	1.36	2.5	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	0.01	-5.63	-33.8
28	Ronuro	45	91.8	5.07	3.89	8.87	0.15	26.6	0.06	0.01	16.3	0.19	3.11	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.61	-36.1
29	parecis	100	16.7	5.2	2.32	0.86	0.08	3.09	0.03	0.01	3.13	< 0.1	3.96	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.78	-37.9
30	parecis	50	5.1	5.17	1.12	0.09	0.09	0.05	0.04	0.01	0.36	< 0.1	2.96	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.7	-38.5
31	parecis	152	8.2	4.77	1.24	0.43	0.08	0.09	0.06	0.01	0.89	< 0.1	2.23	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	-7.19	-41.2
32	parecis	70	6.86	4.81	1.03	0.26	0.09	0.09	0.04	0.01	0.68	< 0.1	2.14	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	0.01	-7.18	-41.1
33	parecis	35	5.3	5.17	1.09	0.8	0.16	2.73	0.03	0.01	1.5	0.25	2.16	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.71	-41.2
34	parecis	152	18.6	5.25	0.8	2.19	0.11	2.38	0.09	0.04	2.63	0.15	4.41	0.02	< 0.005	0.04	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.96	-42.2
35	parecis	60	7.9	5.6	2.7	0.25	0.08	0.63	0.07	0.29	0.38	0.87	5.94	0.03	< 0.005	0.01	0.05	0.01	< 0.005	0.02	0.02	0.01	-7.06	-43.5
36	parecis	70	21.5	6.14	10.4	0.28	0.09	0.8	0.53	0.93	0.67	2.38	8.66	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.08	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.004	-6.51	-44.1
37	parecis	40	122	4.59	0	18.8	0.12	13.6	0.2	0.42	0.2	20.6	3.95	0.04	< 0.005	0.95	0.09	0.15	0.01	0.01	0.21	< 0.004	-6.43	-45.3
38	parecis	30	6.4	5.2	0.74	0.2	0.09	0.13	0.05	0.01	0.28	< 0.1	2.91	0.02	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	-5.97	-42.3
39	parecis	48	271	4.1	0	17.3	< 0.02	88.4	4.23	1.44	25.8	4.14	3.76	0.07	0.02	1.41	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	-6.88	-45.4
40	parecis	60	6.51	4.88	0.63	0.09	0.08	0.12	0.05	0.01	0.24	< 0.1	2.23	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.21	-39.8
41	parecis	60	8.4	4.86	1.37	0.08	0.09	0.04	0.05	0.01	0.16	< 0.1	2.7	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.07	-40.6
42	parecis	96	7.1	5.33	0.96	0.39	0.10	0.42	0.06	0.03	0.46	0.13	3.83	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	-5.97	-39.6
43	parecis	100	7.2	5.46	0.65	0.03	0.07	0.11	0.05	0.01	0.13	< 0.1	3.67	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	-6.02	-40.6
44	parecis	12	37.3	6.23	14.6	3.32	0.09	0.78	2.86	1.85	1.53	< 0.1	2.08	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.04	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.004	-5.45	-37.4
45	parecis	100	397	7.79	231	3.29	6.22	< 0.04	17.9	6.7	70.2	< 0.1	10.1	2.21	0.22	0.01	0.38	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.06	< 0.004	-6.61	-42.5
46	parecis	70	118	6.45	37.1	8.01	0.13	8.28	0.09	0.02	7.52	1.72	2.67	< 0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.73	-43.8
47	parecis	40	8.9	5.39	1.85	0.71	0.09	0.82	0.08	0.02	1.86	< 0.1	2.67	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.58	-40.3
48	parecis	49	5.4	4.99	0.66	0.1	0.09	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.25	< 0.1	2.52	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.82	-47.4
49	parecis	80	21.7	6.48	3.79	1.06	0.09	5.29	0.12	0.02	5.18	< 0.1	2.94	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	0.04	< 0.005	0.09	< 0.001	0.01	-6.49	-44.3
50	parecis	96	8.6	4.95	0.9	0.23	0.08	0.87	0.09	0.01	0.75	< 0.1	3.47	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	0.04	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.77	-45.6
51	parecis	100	7.2	4.82	0.88	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.17	< 0.1	3.5	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.16	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.2	-42.1
52	parecis	95	6.6	4.94	0.99	0.05	0.10	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.16	< 0.1	3.19	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.05	< 0.005	0.04	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.63	-44.9
53	parecis	100	2.1	5.61	3.82	0.03	0.09	0.04	0.04	0.004	0.18	< 0.1	3.48	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-5.97	-38.3
54	parecis	75	104	4.6	0	7.45	0.08	33.8	0.74	0.28	14.1	1.02	3.83	< 0.01	0.01	0.24	0.03	0.02	< 0.005	0.01	0.02	< 0.004	-6.25	-39.2
55	parecis	72	5.9	5.29	0.78	0.09	0.09	0.58	0.06	0.01	0.3	< 0.1	3.3	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	0.01	-7.78	-52.0
56	parecis	75	4.2	5.11	0.66	0.03	0.06	0.15	0.06	0.01	0.14	< 0.1	3.68	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.07	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	-6.11	-39.6
57	parecis	96	229	7.12	135	1.26	0.6	2.16	17.7	4.81	21.2	3.46	22.7	0.31	0.14	0.05	0.10	0.02	< 0.005	0.02	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.42	-43.0
58	parecis	100	173.9	7.74	370	6.53	7.67	< 0.04	48.9	20.6	50.9	1.15	12	0.16	0.81	0.01	0.36	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	0.05	< 0.004	-6.74	-43.9
59	Ronuro	120	10.5	5.04	1.25	0.16	0.08	1.85	0.06	0.03	1.34	< 0.1	4.21	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-5.33	-34.0
60	Ronuro	30	13.7	5.3	1.26	0.94	0.19	2.94	0.14	0.03	2.59	0.12	3.29	< 0.01	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.005	0.03	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-5.51	-32.9
61	parecis	198	234	8.4	147	0.33	0.22	0.14	4.35	1.16	52.9	< 0.1	8.04	0.09	0.16	< 0.005	0.10	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.001	< 0.004	-6.35	-39.6
62	Ronuro	30	320	5.69	7.97	28.9	0.39	92.8	1.65	0.43	47	6.08	2.8	0.07	0.01	0.07	0.02	0.01	< 0.005	0.01	0.03	< 0.004	-4.02	-22.0
63	Ronuro	40	32.5	6.19	18.5	0.13	0.12	< 0.04	2.1	1.4	0.8	1.86	13.7	0.02	0.03	< 0.005	0.03	0.03	< 0.005	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	-4.72	-26.1

	EC	pH	HCO₃^-	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	NO₃^-	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Si
	μS/cm		mg/L
*Parecis Aquifer System (50 samples)*
Minimum	2.1	4.0	0.0	0.03	0.0	0.0	0.03	0.0	0.13	0.0	1.6
Maximum	397.0	8.4	370.0	23.7	8.3	88.4	48.9	20.6	70.2	20.6	22.7
Average	70.9	5.7	26.2	3.5	1.0	9.1	3.4	1.6	7.9	1.5	5.2
Std Dev	94.3	0.98	66.7	5.5	2.0	16.5	8.3	4.0	14.4	3.2	4.6
*Ronuro Aquifer (13 Samples)*
Minimum	5.6	4.6	0.0	0.13	0.04	0.0	0.04	0.01	0.23	0.0	1.6
Maximum	320.0	6.2	18.5	28.9	0.7	92.8	2.1	1.6	47.0	9.9	13.7
Average	54.9	5.2	3.6	4.3	0.2	14.1	0.4	0.3	6.7	1.5	4.1
Std Dev	85.4	0.46	5.2	7.9	0.2	25.5	0.7	0.5	13.0	3.0	3.0

	EC	pH	HCO₃^-	F^-	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	NO₃^-	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K+	Sr²⁺
EC
pH	0.359
HCO₃^-	0.777	0.639
F^-	0.767	0.512	0.661
Cl^-	0.867	0.214	0.450	0.616
SO₄^2-	0.425	0.510	0.341	0.735	0.376
NO₃^-	0.779	-0.085	0.240	0.467	0.839	0.253
Ca²⁺	0.820	0.626	0.966	0.719	0.575	0.363	0.305
Mg²⁺	0.861	0.465	0.930	0.710	0.592	0.290	0.409	0.922
Na⁺	0.503	0.137	0.085	0.289	0.661	0.460	0.731	0.127	0.068
K⁺	0.217	-0.031	-0.070	0.234	0.288	0.181	0.432	-0.004	0.069	0.104
Sr²⁺	0.816	0.478	0.738	0.834	0.688	0.451	0.446	0.786	0.868	0.131	0.145
Ba²⁺	0.392	0.095	0.113	0.434	0.486	0.259	0.506	0.186	0.259	0.256	0.669	0.347

Associação Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 91501-970, Tel: (51) 3493 2233, Fax: (51) 3308 6652 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: rbrh@abrh.org.br

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[1] E-mails: marcia.stradioto@unesp.br (MRS), elias.hideo-teramoto@unesp.br (EHT), chang.hung-kiang@unesp.br (HKC)