Dynamic and maintenance of water purification ecosystem service in the Guandu River Hydrographic Region, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Xavier, Fábio Miranda Gomes; Prado, Rachel Bardy; Fidalgo, Elaine Cristina Cardoso

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.282320220109

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Scientific/Technical Article • RBRH 28 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.282320220109 linkcopy

Dynamic and maintenance of water purification ecosystem service in the Guandu River Hydrographic Region, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Dinâmica e manutenção do serviço ecossistêmico de manutenção da purificação da água na Região Hidrográfica do Rio Guandu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to develop a methodology for analyzing the dynamics and maintenance of the water purification ecosystem service in the water bodies of the Guandu River Hydrographic Region, responsible for water supplying the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, characterized by the presence of water transfers and low levels of effluent treatment. The dynamics of this service occurs through an ecosystem flow, influenced by the volume of water that moves from one region to another. The methodology consisted of reviewing studies of ecosystem flows, building a database, classifying impacts on water purification in hydrological planning units from a similarity dendrogram, analyzing indicators related to water demands and availability of these units, and developing an ecosystem flow diagram of water purification. The effects of transfers on the maintenance and flow of water purification were also analyzed from the comparison between the real scenario (which considers the presence of the existing hydraulic infrastructure) and the natural scenario (which disregards it). The results showed that the worst situation of maintenance of water purification is in the western part of the region, and the demands for it requires more than double the volume of withdrawn water to supply the local population and industry.

Keywords: Ecosystem service flow; Water pollution; Water quality maintenance

HPU	Name	$Q_{a v_{(m o d)}}$ (m³ s^-1)	$Q_{a v_{(n a t)}}$ (m³ s^-1)	$Q_{w d}$ (m³ s^-1)	ET%	PWET
1	Pirai River - upstream Santana reservoir	2.21	5.79	0.116	5.3	22,253
2	Pirai River - Santana reservoir and tributaries	1.97	7.56	0.165	2.8	62,363
3	Ribeirão das Lajes River - upstream reservoir	10.03	2.54	0.233	7.2	1,324
4	Ribeirão das Lajes River - downstream reservoir	122.04	4.63	6.037	25.2	45,084
5	Santana and São Pedro Rivers	3.82	3.82	1.267	6.4	25,188
6	Queimados and Ipiranga Rivers	2.47	2.47	0.942	14.4	295,259
7	Guandu River	126.33	8.92	50.933	24.1	22,558
8	São Francisco Chanel	126.47	9.05	27.963	24.7	19,800
9	Guarda River	2.53	2.53	0.295	10.7	153,144
10	Guandu-Mirim River	1.49	1.49	0.507	21.5	653,953
11	Coastal watershed (right bank)	3.6	3.6	0.424	27.2	19,852
12	Coastal watershed (left bank)	1.15	1.15	0.178	20.1	266,413

HPU	HPU name	Impact classes
1	Pirai River - upstream Santana reservoir	Low
2	Pirai River - Santana reservoir and tributaries	Low
3	Ribeirão das Lajes River - upstream reservoir	Low
4	Ribeirão das Lajes River - downstream reservoir	Low
5	Santana and São Pedro Rivers	Low
6	Queimados and Ipiranga Rivers	High
7	Guandu River	Low
8	São Francisco Channel	Low
9	Guarda River	Medium
10	Guandu-Mirim River	Very high
11	Coastal watershed (right bank)	Low
12	Coastal watershed (left bank)	High

HPU	Q_{dil (dom)} (m³ s^-1)	Q_{dil (ind)} (m³ s^-1)	Q_dil(tot) (m³ s^-1)	D_t (m³ s^-1)	D_s (%)	D_r (%)	Actual		Natural
HPU	Q_{dil (dom)} (m³ s^-1)	Q_{dil (ind)} (m³ s^-1)	Q_dil(tot) (m³ s^-1)	D_t (m³ s^-1)	D_s (%)	D_r (%)	*WI%*	Balance	*WI%*	Balance
1	2.34	0.00	2.34	2.45	5	95	112	Negative	41	Positive
2	6.48	4.46	10.94	11.11	1	99	606	Negative	148	Negative
3	0.23	0.00	0.23	0.46	50	50	2	Positive	9	Positive
4	4.92	1.34	6.26	12.30	49	51	5	Positive	148	Negative
5	2.57	0.00	2.57	3.84	33	67	101	Negative	69	Positive
6	31.28	5.49	36.77	37.71	2	98	2,406	Negative	2632	Negative
7	2.41	0.00	2.41	53.34	95	5	3	Positive	30	Positive
8	2.15	0.70	2.85	30.81	91	9	3	Positive	33	Positive
9	16.03	3.34	19.37	19.67	2	98	867	Negative	1,265	Negative
10	71.75	0.53	72.28	72.79	1	99	7,353	Negative	-6,395	Negative
11	1.90	0.00	1.90	2.33	18	82	60	Positive	54	Positive
12	29.19	1.30	30.49	30.67	1	99	3,137	Negative	10,328	Negative
Total	171.26	17.15	188.41	277.47	-	-	-	-	-	-

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