Channel order |
Horton (1945) HORTON, R. E. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin , v. 56, n. 3, p. 275-370, 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(194...
, Strahler (1957) STRAHLER, A. N. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions - American Geophysical Union, v. 38, n. 6, p. 913-920, 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p009...
|
Stream order; number of tributaries |
Intermediate |
Process domains |
Schumm (1977), Rosgen (1994), Montgomery and Buffington (1997), Montgomery (1999), Brierley and Fryirs (2005) SCHUMM, S. A. The fluvial system. Caldwell: Blackburn Press, 1977.
|
Width, depth, channel gradient, type of terrain, entrenchment ratio, roughness |
Strong |
Channel patterns |
Lane (1957) LANE, E. W. A study of the shape of channels formed by natural streams flowing in erodible material. Omaha: U.S. Army Engineer Division, Missouri River Basin, Corps of Engineers, 1957. (MRD Sediment Series). , Leopold and Wolman (1957) LEOPOLD, L.B.; WOLMAN, M.G. River channel patterns, braided, meandering and straight . Washington: U.S. Geological Survey, 1957. (Professional Paper, 282-B). , Schumm (1977) SCHUMM, S. A. The fluvial system. Caldwell: Blackburn Press, 1977. , Church (1992 CHURCH, M. Channel morphology and typology. In: CARLOW, P.; PETTS, G. E. The rivers handbook. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992. p. 126-143. , 2006 CHURCH, M. Bed material transport and the morphology of alluvial rivers. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 34, n. 1, p. 325-354, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth...
), Brierley and Fryirs (2005) BRIERLEY, G. J.; FRYIRS, K. A. Geomorphology and river management: applications of the river styles frameweork. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.
|
Geometric plain view, entrenchment ratio, channel gradient, sediment size, sediment load, riparian vegetation, roughness, sinuosity, width, depth |
Strong |
Channel – Floodplain Interactions |
Melton (1936) MELTON, F. A. An empirical classification of flood-plain streams. Geographical Review, v. 26, n. 4, p. 593-609, 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/209717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/209717 ...
, Stevens, Simons and Richardson (1975) STEVENS, M. A.; SIMONS, D. B.; RICHARDSON, E. V. Nonequilibrium river form. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, v. 101, n. 5, p. 557-566, 1975. , Nanson and Croke (1992) NANSON, G. C.; CROKE, J. C. A genetic classification of floodplains. Geomorphology , v. 4, n. 6, p. 459-486, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(92)90039-Q. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(92)...
, Beechie et al. (2006) BEECHIE, T. J.; LIERMANN, M.; POLLOCK, M. M.; BAKER, S.; DAVIES, J. Channel pattern and river-floodplain dynamics in forested mountain river systems. Geomorphology, v. 78, n. 1-2, p. 124-141, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.20...
|
Width, depth, sinuosity, water quality (physical and chemical) |
Weak |
Sediment mobility and bed material |
Gilbert (1917) GILBERT, G. K. Hydraulic-mining Débris in the Sierra Nevada. Menlo Park: USGC, 1917. (United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 105). , Whiting and Bradley (1993) WHITING, P. J.; BRADLEY, J. B. A process-based classification system for headwater streams. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 18, n. 7, p. 603-612, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290180704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.329018070...
, Montgomery et al. (1996) MONTGOMERY, D. R.; ABBE, T. B.; BUFFINGTON, J. M.; PETERSON, N. P.; SCHMIDT, K. M.; STOCK, J. D. Distribution of bedrock and alluvial channels in forested mountain drainage basins. Nature, v. 381, n. 6583, p. 587-589, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381587a0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381587a0 ...
, Dietrich et al. (2005) DIETRICH, W. E.; NELSON, P. A.; YAGER, E.; VENDITTI, J. G.; LAMB, M. P.; COLLINS, L. Sediment patches, sediment supply, and channel morphology. In: PARKER, G.; GARCIA, M. H. (Ed.). River, coastal, and estuarine morphodynamics: RCEM 2005. London: Taylor & Francis, 2005. p. 79-90. , Church (2002 CHURCH, M. Geomorphic thresholds in riverine landscapes. Freshwater Biology , v. 47, n. 4, p. 541-557, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00919.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2...
, 2006 CHURCH, M. Bed material transport and the morphology of alluvial rivers. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 34, n. 1, p. 325-354, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth...
), Bunte et al. (2010) BUNTE, K.; ABT, S. R.; SWINGLE, K. W.; POTYONDY, J. P. Bankfull mobile particle size and its prediction from a Shields-type approach. In: JOINT FEDERAL INTERAGENCY CONFERENCE, 2.; FEDERAL INTERAGENCY SEDIMENTATION CONFERENCE, 9.; FEDERAL INTERAGENCY HYDROLOGIC MODELING CONFERENCE, 4., 2010, Las Vegas. Proceedings… Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2010. Available from: <http://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/>. Access on: 1 july 2018. http://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/ ...
|
Channel substrate, capacity, competence, Shields critical stress, entrenchment ratio, sediment size, channel gradient, width, depth, sediment load, discharge, sediment connectivity, sediment transport (bedload or suspension) |
Strong |
Channel units |
Bisson et al. (1982) BISSON, P. A.; NIELSEN, J. L.; PALMASON, R. A.; GROVE, L. E. A system of naming habitat types in small streams, with examples of habitat utilization by salmonids during low streamflow. In: ARMANTROUT, N. B. Proceedings of a symposium on acquisition and utilization of aquatic habitat inventory information. Bethesda: Western Division of the American Fisheries Society, 1982. p. 62-73. , Sullivan (1986) SULLIVAN, K. Hydraulics and fish habitat in relation to channel morphology . 1986. 407 f. Dissertation (Doctoral) - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1986. , Grant, Swanson and Wolman (1990) GRANT, G. E.; SWANSON, F. J.; WOLMAN, M. G. Pattern and origin of stepped-bed morphology in high-gradient streams, Western Cascades, Oregon. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, n. 3, p. 340-352, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0340:PAOOSB>2.3.CO;2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(199...
, Montgomery and Buffington (1997) MONTGOMERY, D. R.; BUFFINGTON, J. M. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, n. 5, p. 596-611, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0596:CRMIMD>2.3.CO;2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(199...
, Zimmermann and Church (2001) ZIMMERMANN, A.; CHURCH, M. Channel morphology, gradient profiles and bed stress during flood in a step-pool channel. Geomorphology, v. 40, n. 3-4, p. 311-327, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00057-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01...
, Buffington et al. (2002) BUFFINGTON, J. M.; LISLE, T. E.; WOODSMITH, R. D.; HILTON, S. Controls on the size and occurrence of pools in coarse-grained forest rivers. River Research and Applications , v. 18, n. 6, p. 507-531, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.693 ...
, Buffington et al. (2009) BUFFINGTON, J. M.; ROPER, B. B.; ARCHER, E.; MOYER, C. Reply to discussion by David L. Rosgen on “The role of observer variation in determining Rosgen stream types in northeastern Oregon mountain streams”. Journal of the American Water Resources Association , v. 45, n. 5, p. 1298-1312, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00363.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2...
, Lave, Doyle and Robertson (2010) LAVE, R.; DOYLE, M.; ROBERTSON, M. Privatizing stream restoration in the US. Social Studies of Science, v. 40, n. 5, p. 677-703, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312710379671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312710379...
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Channel substrate, capacity, competence, Shields critical stress, entrenchment ratio, sediment size, channel slope, width, depth, sediment load, discharge, occurrence of bars, steps, rifles and pools and their morphometric characteristics. |
Strong |
Hierarchical |
Frissell et al. (1986) FRISSELL, C. A.; LISS, W. J.; WARREN, C. E.; HURLEY, M. D. A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: viewing streams in a watershed context. Environmental Management, v. 10, n. 2, p. 199-214, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867358 ...
, Paustian et al. (1992) PAUSTIAN, S.J.; ANDERSON, K.; BLANCHET, D.; BRADY, S.; CROPLEY, M.; EDGINGTON, J.; FRYXELL, J.; JOHNEJACK, G.; KELLIHER, D.; KUEHN, M.; MAKI, S.; OLSON, R.; SEESZ, J.; WOLANEK, M. A channel type user guide for the Tongass National Forest, southeast Alaska. Alaska: USDA Forest Service, 1992. Technical Paper R10-TP-26. , Buffington et al. (2003) BUFFINGTON, J. M.; WOODSMITH, R. D.; BOOTH, D. B.; MONTGOMERY, D. R. Fluvial processes in Puget Sound rivers and the Pacific Northwest. In: MONTGOMERY, D. R.; BOLTON, S.; BOOTH, D. B.; WALL, L. (Ed.). Restoration of Puget Sound rivers. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003. p. 46-78. , Church (2006) CHURCH, M. Bed material transport and the morphology of alluvial rivers. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 34, n. 1, p. 325-354, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth...
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Stream order, number of tributaries, width, depth, channel gradient, entrenchment ratio, roughness, channel substrate, capacity, competence, sediment size, sediment load, discharge, sediment connectivity, sediment transport (bedload or suspension), occurrence of bars, step, riffles, pools and their morphometric characteristics; presence, location and orientation of leaves and debris in margins |
Strong |
Statistical |
Thompson et al. (2006) THOMPSON, C. J.; CROKE, J.; OGDEN, R.; WALLBRINK, P. A morpho-statistical classification of mountain stream reach types in southeastern Australia. Geomorphology , v. 81, n. 1-2, p. 43-65, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.20...
, Zimmermann, Church and Hassan (2008) ZIMMERMANN, A.; CHURCH, M.; HASSAN, M. A. Identification of steps and pools from stream longitudinal profile data. Geomorphology, v. 102, n. 3-4, p. 395-406, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.04.009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.20...
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Geometric plain view, entrenchment ratio, width, channel gradient, discharge |
Intermediate |