Water erosion vulnerability and sediment delivery rate in upper Iguaçu river basin – Paraná

Durães, Matheus Fonseca; Coelho Filho, José Alexandre Pinto; Oliveira, Vinícius Augusto de

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.011616029

Brasil

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Scientific/Technical Article • RBRH 21 (4) • Oct-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011616029 linkcopy

Water erosion vulnerability and sediment delivery rate in upper Iguaçu river basin – Paraná

Vulnerabilidade à erosão hídrica e taxa de aporte de sedimentos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Rio Iguaçu – PR

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Soil erosion is one of the most striking environmental degradation processes, which its mapping and assessment is an important tool for management activities and natural resource management in river basins, allowing managers to implement policies and sustainable land use occupation. This work aimed to apply the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a GIS environment in the upper Iguaçu river basin, located at Paraná State, in order to assess the vulnerability to water erosion as well as the concentration of dissolved solids in suspension to estimate the solid discharge and sediment delivery rate, allowing the identification of more susceptible areas to water erosion. The results showed that over 23.52% of the upper Iguaçu river basin presented soil losses below 2.5 t ha^–1 yr^–1, meaning current low potential for erosion. Regarding the solid discharge, the basin has values ranging from low to very high, also leading to high values for sediment delivery rate. The identification of risk areas associated with accelerated erosion, carried out in this study provide important information for measures associated with the management, conservation and planning of land use in the basin, which is highly relevant for predicting development of various scenarios for the state Paraná for its hydroelectric potential.

Keywords: Soils; Geoprocessing; RUSLE

Soil Use	Area (%)	Soil Use	Area (%)
Outcrops	0.43	Forestry	4.71
Water	17.68	Mining	0.47
Wetland	1.45	Bare Soil	1.04
Grassland	22.42	Urbanization	14.24
Perennial Crop	0.16	Annual Crop	8.11
Native Forest	19.94	Shrubby	9.35

Outlet	ANA Code	South Latitude	West Latitude	Series
P1	65021000	25.3547	49.3547	2001-09
P2	65010000	25.5191	49.1466	2002-05
P3	65006075	25.4538	49.1714	2001-10
P4	65013005	25.5280	49.2188	1984-10
P5	65017006	25.5986	49.2592	1993-10
P6	65025000	25.6003	49.5133	1994-10
P7	65028000	25.5886	49.6319	2002-08

Soil	K (t h MJ^–1 mm^–1)	Source
Argisol	0.033	Sá et al. (2004)
Fluvic Neosol	0.042	Ribeiro and Alves (2008)
Cambisol	0.0508	Araújo, Salviano and Holanda Neto (2011)
Latosol	0.0191	Mannigel et al. (2002)
Litholic Neosol	0.0569	Castro et al. (2011)
Organosol	0.061	Silva and Alvares (2005)
Gleysol	0.0362	Batalha (2006)

Land Cover	CP-Factor	Source
Outcrops	0	-
Water	0	-
Wetland	0.01	Borges et al. (2012)
Grassland	0.025	Silva (2004)
Perennial Crop	0.25	Bertoni and Lombardi Neto (2005)
Native Forest	0.00013	Martins et al. (2010)
Forestry	0.0026	Martins et al. (2010)
Mining	1	-
Bare Soil	1	-
Urbanization	0	-
Annual Crop	0.29	Ruhoff et al. (2006)
Shrubby	0.0015	Xavier, Silva and Silva (2013)

Soil loss intervals (t ha^-1 yr^-1)	Classification	Area (%)
0 to 2.5	Slight	23.52
2.5 to 5	Slight to moderate	8.19
5 to 10	Moderate	8.70
10 to 15	Moderate to high	5.43
15 to 25	High	7.55
25 to 100	Very high	20.01
>100	Extremely high	26.60

Sub-basin	Distribution (%) of the soil loss classifications (t ha^–1 yr^–1)
Sub-basin	0 to 2.5	2.5 to 5	5 to 10	10 to 15	15 to 25	25 to 100	>100
sub-1	67.59	2.39	3.53	2.48	3.20	8.35	12.47
sub-2	75.82	2.47	2.49	1.53	2.43	8.23	7.03
sub-3	20.40	12.35	12.26	7.19	9.75	22.89	15.16
sub-4	26.71	11.57	11.49	6.59	8.74	20.79	14.11
sub-5	24.36	10.07	10.42	6.10	8.16	20.81	20.08
sub-6	20.20	7.99	8.80	5.63	7.86	20.46	29.06
sub-7	18.49	7.28	7.84	5.09	7.29	20.53	33.48
Soil	Distribution (%) of the soil loss classifications (t ha^–1 yr^–1)
Soil	0 to 2.5	2.5 to 5	5 to 10	10 to 15	15 to 25	25 to 100	>100
Arg.	24.39	8.56	7.94	5.79	9.10	35.79	8.43
Fluv. Neos.	61.37	3.26	3.76	2.74	3.51	11.91	13.45
Camb.	22.63	4.77	8.33	5.71	8.42	26.05	24.10
Latos.	25.48	11.52	12.73	8.41	11.57	26.35	3.94
Lit. Neos.	83.05	4.98	1.03	0.78	1.05	2.93	6.17
Organ.	21.60	10.01	12.56	5.40	6.79	20.82	22.82
Gleys.	21.15	7.93	7.43	4.69	7.36	20.50	30.94

Point	Area (km²)	Name	Solid Discharge (t ha^–1 year^–1)	Class
P1	27	Jusante Aterro Sanitário	0.765	Moderate
P2	106	Fazendinha	0.469	Low
P3	385	Pinhais	0.413	Low
P4	808	ETE-Sanepar	5.124	Very High
P5	1160	Ponte do Umbarazinho	2.584	High
P6	2330	Guajuvira	0.923	Moderate
P7	2740	Balsa Nova	1.126	Moderate

Subbasin	Y (t ha^–1 year^–1)	E (t ha^–1 year^–1)	SDR
sub-1	0.765	3.47	0.220
sub-2	0.469	2.63	0.178
sub-3	0.413	6.29	0.066
sub-4	5.124	5.80	0.883
sub-5	2.584	6.60	0.392
sub-6	0.923	7.77	0.119
sub-7	1.126	8.36	0.135

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