Temperature Surface of Guaíba Lake, RS, from time series of MODIS images

Luz, Glenio Antonio da; Guasselli, Laurindo Antonio; Rocha, Daniela

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.011716094

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Scientific/Technical Article • RBRH 22 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011716094 copy

Temperature Surface of Guaíba Lake, RS, from time series of MODIS images

Temperatura de Superfície do Lago Guaíba/RS, a partir de série temporal de imagens MODIS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The Guaíba lake is located in an area of complex weather variation and is influenced by many atmospheric circulation systems, bringing about violent occluded fronts, and, sometimes, intense precipitation. In Rio Grande do Sul, during El Niño, air temperatures and the precipitation index are higher, contrary to La Niña. Moreover, the Guaíba Lake receives water from the Guaíba's Hydrographical Region, which corresponds to 1/3 of Rio Grande do Sul State, and is thus an important water body to the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Methods that seek to understand the behavior of Guaíba lake surface water temperature (LSWT) may lead to relevant information to identify periods of more or less water warming, as well as the relations between LSWT, water quality deterioration and risks to human health. This paper aims to comprehend the behavior of Guaíba LSWT during periods of climatic anomalies (El Niño/La Niña). Therefore, 418 sea surface temperature (SST) images from the MODIS sensor were processed with SeaDas 7.2 software. The quarterly averages of LSWT were obtained and compared to the climatological anomalies in Equatorial Pacific Ocean. LSWT behavior is more complex in El Niño/La Niña periods. The results show that during climatic abnormality periods there are no direct relationship between the warming/cooling of Guaíba LSWT and the warming/cooling of Equatorial Pacific Ocean’s SST. The precipitation indices were more significant to the behavior of LSWT during El Niño periods, but for all periods (of climatic normality and abnormality), air temperature is what most influences LSWT. This relation occurs with climatic factors of water retention time, water entry and precipitation, and air temperature. There is a major correspondence during La Niña periods with the cooling of Guaíba LSWT only for some years. On the other hand, during El Niño periods there are no correspondences of this phenomenon with the warming of Guaíba LSWT. There are only more intense oscillations in surface temperatures than during regular and La Niña periods, but with a tendency to LSWT warming.

Keywords:
El Niño; La Niña; Remote sensing

Guaíba Lake
Quarterly anomaly	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
DJF	-1.1	0.2	-0.6	0.2	-1.2	-0.7	0.1	0.5	-0.2	-0.3	0.6	0.2	-0.4	-0.2	1.2	0.6
JFM	-1.7	0.5	0.3	0.3	-0.9	-0.2	0.3	0.5	-0.4	-0.3	0.5	0.1	0.1	-1.2	0.8	0.4
FMA	-1.7	1.4	0.5	-0.2	-0.6	-0.2	0	1	-0.7	0.1	0.7	-0.1	0.2	-1.1	0.5	0.3
MAM	-0.3	0.3	0.9	-0.5	-0.3	0.4	-0.7	0.7	-0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.5	-0.9	0	0.2
AMJ	0.1	1	0.8	-0.3	-0.2	1	-0.7	-0.2	-1.1	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	0.6	-0.5	0.1	0.4
MJJ	-0.6	1	0.6	0.4	-0.5	1.2	0.3	-1.2	-0.8	-0.7	-0.2	-0.6	0.2	-0.3	0.4	1.4
JJA	-0.8	2	0.3	0.3	0.2	1.1	0.6	-1.8	-0.2	-0.8	-0.1	-1.1	0.6	-0.7	0.4	0.4
JAS	-1.3	1.2	0	-0.3	0.6	0.1	0.6	-1.1	0.3	-0.3	-0.3	-0.5	0.8	-0.7	0.6
ASO	-0.4	1.1	0.2	-0.4	0.6	-0.6	-0.1	-0.7	-0.3	0	-0.5	-0.5	1.6	-0.7	0.5
SON	-0.4	0.7	-0.5	0	0	-0.6	-0.2	0	-0.8	0.3	-0.4	-0.3	1	-0.2	1.3
OND	0.1	0.4	-0.3	-0.7	-0.7	-0.5	0.3	-0.1	-0.6	0.3	-0.2	-0.6	0.9	0.4	1.3
NDJ	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-1	-0.4	0.1	0.2	-0.2	-0.3	0.2	0.1	-1	0.6	0.8	1

Pacific Ocean (polygon at coordinates 5°N-5°S, 120°E-170°W)
Quarterly anomaly	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
DJF	-1.6	-0.7	-0.2	0.9	0.3	0.6	-0.7	0.7	-1.4	-0.8	1.3	-1.3	-0.7	-0.4	-0.5	0.5
JFM	-1.4	-0.6	-0.1	0.6	0.2	0.6	-0.6	0.3	-1.3	-0.7	1.1	-1.1	-0.6	-0.5	-0.6	0.4
FMA	-1.1	-0.5	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.5	-0.4	0	-1.1	-0.4	0.8	-0.8	-0.5	-0.3	-0.4	0.5
MAM	-0.9	-0.3	0.2	0	0.1	0.5	-0.2	-0.1	-0.9	-0.1	0.5	-0.6	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.7
AMJ	-0.7	-0.2	0.4	-0.2	0.2	0.4	0	-0.2	-0.7	0.2	0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	0	0.9
MJJ	-0.7	-0.1	0.7	-0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.5	0.4	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0	1
JJA	-0.6	0	0.8	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.2	-0.3	-0.3	0.5	-0.8	-0.3	0.1	-0.2	0	1.2
JAS	-0.5	-0.1	0.9	0.2	0.7	0	0.3	-0.6	-0.2	0.6	-1.1	-0.5	0.3	-0.2	0
ASO	-0.6	-0.1	1	0.3	0.7	0	0.5	-0.8	-0.2	0.7	-1.3	-0.7	0.4	-0.2	0.2
SON	-0.7	-0.2	1.2	0.4	0.7	-0.1	0.8	-1.1	-0.3	1	-1.4	-0.9	0.4	-0.2	0.4
OND	-0.8	-0.3	1.3	0.4	0.7	-0.4	0.9	-1.2	-0.5	1.2	-1.3	-0.9	0.2	-0.2	0.6
NDJ	-0.8	-0.3	1.1	0.4	0.7	-0.7	1	-1.3	-0.7	1.3	-1.4	-0.8	-0.2	-0.3	0.6
correlation	0.5	0.54	-0.32	0.05	0.53	0.09	0.14	0.31	0.13	0.33	0.82	-0.58	0.86	0.2	0.33	0.37

Autumn
	Normal	El Niño	La Niña
Precipitation Santa Maria	0.16	0.24	0.02
Precipitation Porto Alegre	-0.11	0.11	-0.03
Wind speed Porto Alegre	0.13	0.27	0.13
Max. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.85	0.85	0.87
Min. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.85	0.89	0.88
Average Comp. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.88	0.90	0.89

Winter
	Normal	El Niño	La Niña
Precipitation Santa Maria	0.00	0.01	0.19
Precipitation Porto Alegre	-0.08	0.08	0.04
Wind speed Porto Alegre	0.04	-0.02	0.24
Max. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.67	0.66	0.68
Min. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.70	0.69	0.69
Average Comp. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.73	0.73	0.75

Spring
	Normal	El Niño	La Niña
Precipitation Santa Maria	-0.16	-0.05	0.09
Precipitation Porto Alegre	-0.21	-0.06	-0.02
Wind speed Porto Alegre	0.12	-0.07	-0.17
Max. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.86	0.82	0.86
Min. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.74	0.75	0.78
Average Comp. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.85	0.83	0.87

Summer
	Normal	El Niño	La Niña
Precipitation Santa Maria	0.08	0.04	0.04
Precipitation Porto Alegre	0.09	-0.02	-0.04
Wind speed Porto Alegre	-0.09	0.25	0.09
Max. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.73	0.82	0.79
Min. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.72	0.78	0.75
Average Comp. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.80	0.89	0.83

Guaíba LSWT in El Niño periods (°C)
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2015
Precipitation Santa Maria	-0.07	0.03	0.04	0.11	-0.07	-0.13	-0.27	0.53	0.17	-0.15
Precipitation Porto Alegre	-0.17	0.28	-0.25	-0.04	0.16	-0.45	-0.22	0.07	0.10	-0.29
Wind speed Porto Alegre	0.11	-0.23	0.80	0.77	-0.04	0.20	0.23	0.42	-0.14	0.80
Max. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.87	0.91	0.89	0.82	0.88	0.66	0.93	0.91	0.95	0.94
Min. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.90	0.85	0.86	0.81	0.92	0.46	0.91	0.97	0.89	0.96
Average Comp. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.90	0.96	0.90	0.85	0.92	0.64	0.94	0.96	0.94	0.96

Guaíba LSWT in La Niña periods (°C)
	2000	2008	2007	2010	2011	2012	2013
Precipitation Santa Maria	0.13	0.27	-0.23	-0.19	0.05	0.28	0.10
Precipitation Porto Alegre	-0.07	-0.22	-0.20	-0.38	-0.03	0.22	-0.16
Wind speed Porto Alegre	0.01	-0.01	0.40	0.53	0.39	0.44	0.45
Max. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.88	0.91	0.93	0.91	0.92	0.88	0.90
Min. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.91	0.88	0.93	0.88	0.96	0.88	0.95
Average Comp. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.92	0.93	0.95	0.92	0.96	0.90	0.94

	La Niña		El Niño
	Max.	Min.	Max.	Min.
Precipitation Santa Maria	0.28	-0.23	0.53	-0.27
Precipitation Porto Alegre	0.22	-0.38	0.28	-0.45
Wind speed Porto Alegre	0.53	-0.01	0.80	-0.23
Max. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.93	0.88	0.95	0.66
Min. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.96	0.88	0.97	0.46
Average Comp. Temp. Porto Alegre	0.96	0.90	0.96	0.64

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