Influence of rainfall and design criteria on performance of rainwater harvesting systems placed in different Brazilian climatological conditions

Perius, Carla Fernanda; Tassi, Rutineia; Lamberti, Lucas Alves; Silva, Angélica Guimarães da; Böck, Liriane Élen

doi:10.1590/2318-0331.262120210067

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Technical Note • RBRH 26 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.262120210067 copy

Influence of rainfall and design criteria on performance of rainwater harvesting systems placed in different Brazilian climatological conditions

Influência da precipitação e de critérios de projeto no desempenho de sistemas de aproveitamento de água chuva em diferentes condições climatológicas brasileiras

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Using rainwater harvesting (RWH) system is influenced by socioeconomic, environmental and technical factors. This work presents as analysis of the influence of the rainfall time series characteristics and design criteria on RWH performance of five Brazilian capitals with different climatic characteristic: Goiânia, João Pessoa, Manaus, Porto Alegre and São Paulo. The analysis combined different rooftop areas, storage volumes and the indoor and outdoor demands. Rainfall temporal discretization and the types of demands were the most important characteristics when assessing RWH reliability. Daily rainfall data were suitable for sizing the RWH, the time series length influenced the sizing of larger storage volumes, and the RWH efficiency was not significantly affected by the first-flush. Toilet flushing and the irrigation demands had the greatest impact on RWH performance. The greatest potentials for the implementation of RWH were observed for Porto Alegre, because of well distributed rainfall throughout the year, and for Manaus owing to higher annual volumes of precipitation. These results highlight relevant aspects that must be observed during the conception and design of RWH, complementing the guidelines provided in the Brazilian technical standards.

Keywords:
Reliability; Feasibility; Demand; Design criteria

Rainfall time-step	First-flush treatment	Demand type	Rooftop areas (m²)	Storage tank volumes (m³)
		D1		1.0
Hourly	With diverter	D2	100	1.5
Daily	Non-diverter	D3	200	2.0
Monthly		D4	300	3.0

	INMET			ANA
City	Rain Gauge Station Code	Begin-End (Month/year)	Hourly time series length (years)	Rain Gauge Station Code	Begin-End (Month/year)	Daily time series length (years + month)
Goiânia	A002	Jan/2002-Dec/2015	14	01649013	Jan/1949-Jun/2019	70 + 5
João Pessoa	A320	Jan/2008-Dec/2015	8	734037	Jan/1996-May/2018	22 + 4
Manaus	A101	Jan/2001-Dec/2015	15	359005	Jul/1997-nov/2019	22 + 4
Porto Alegre	A801	Jan/2001-Dec/2015	15	03051011	Jan/61-jun/2019	58 + 5
São Paulo	A701	Jan/2007-Dec/2015	9	2346117	Jun/1975-jun/2019	44 + 5

City	Length
Goiânia	5 years; 10 years; 15 years; 20 years; 25 years e 30 years
João Pessoa	5 years; 10 years; 15 years e 20 years
Manaus	5 years; 10 years; 15 years
Porto Alegre	5 years; 10 years; 15 years; 20 years; 25 years e 30 years
São Paulo	5 years; 10 years; 15 years; 20 years; 25 years e 30 years

	Porto Alegre	São Paulo	Goiânia	João Pessoa	Manaus
100 m²	1.05	1.13	1.01	1.02	1.04
200 m²	1.10	1.18	1.02	1.04	1.06
300 m²	1.15	1.19	1.05	1.05	1.07
Average	1.10	1.17	1.02	1.03	1.10

City	Series length	1 m³	1.5 m³	2 m³	3 m³	5 m³
Goiânia (%)	5 years	41.16	37.55	35.08	31.91	26.66
	10 years	42.18	38.46	35.86	32.88	28.17
	15 years	42.71	39.04	36.50	33.47	29.24
	20 years	42.68	39.06	36.42	33.21	29.04
	25 years	42.54	38.72	36.08	32.83	28.65
	30 years	41.99	38.02	35.29	31.95	27.84
	Original	42.62	38.54	35.78	32.42	28.25
	Cv	1.32	1.42	1.49	1.84	3.06
João Pessoa (%)	5 years	24.34	18.26	14.59	10.61	6.57
	10 years	26.96	21.26	17.59	12.90	8.66
	15 years	28.29	23.03	19.62	15.41	10.54
	20 years	28.50	23.16	19.56	15.35	10.51
	Original	29.40	23.82	20.17	15.76	10.87
	Cv	7.16	10.27	12.53	15.81	19.30
Manaus (%)	5 years	28.30	20.03	15.11	9.63	5.15
	10 years	24.04	16.86	12.29	7.17	3.75
	15 years	22.80	16.24	11.95	7.05	3.67
	Original	22.03	15.78	11.75	6.94	3.46
	Cv	11.51	11.15	12.29	16.82	19.23
Porto Alegre (%)	5 years	25.45	15.76	9.52	4.16	0.55
	10 years	25.98	16.15	9.94	4.22	0.60
	15 years	26.61	16.62	10.38	4.36	0.56
	20 years	25.50	15.80	9.85	4.17	0.56
	25 years	26.05	16.34	10.40	4.54	0.79
	30 years	25.84	15.99	9.97	4.24	0.72
	Original	28.18	18.40	12.30	5.83	1.62
	Cv	3.59	5.59	8.85	13.30	49.85
São Paulo (%)	5 years	35.24	26.94	22.36	16.59	11.26
	10 years	35.23	27.40	22.92	16.70	10.43
	15 years	35.35	26.98	22.44	16.56	10.51
	20 years	35.86	27.85	23.04	16.81	10.57
	25 years	35.26	27.34	22.42	16.22	9.80
	30 years	34.21	25.91	21.05	14.96	8.78
	Original	34.62	26.45	21.28	14.91	8.70
	Cv	1.52	2.39	3.45	5.10	9.62

City	Maximum (%)	Minimum (%)
Goiânia	2.00	1.53
João Pessoa	5.09	3.43
Manaus	2.74	0.68
Porto Alegre	4.39	0.69
São Paulo	3.94	2.02

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