Baba et al.2323 Baba S, Noda H, Nakayama M, Waguri M, Mitsuda N, Iso H. Risk factors of early spontaneous abortions among Japanese: A matched casecontrol study. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(2):466-72./ 2011 |
Case-control study |
Smoking, Work activity and history of spontaneous abortion.. |
Zhang et al.99 Zhang BY, Wei YS, Niu JM, Li Y, Miao ZL, Wang ZN. Risk factors for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in a population from southern China. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010; 108 (2): 135-8./ 2010 |
Case-control study |
History of family abortion, passive smoking, BMI over 24. |
Zhou et al.55 Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang M, Chen X, Qi Y. Maternal pre-pregnancy risk factors for miscarriage from a prevention perspective: a cohort study in China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol [Internet]. 2016;206:57-63. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.514 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016....
/ 2016 |
Cohort study |
History of abortion in the mother, age> 35 years, obesity, overweight, underweight, hypertension, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, IgG for cytomegalovirus. |
Madar et al.1717 Madar T, Shahaf G, Sheiner E, Brazg J, Levinson J, Yaniv Salem SY, Twina G, Baron J, Mozar M, Holcberg G, Lewis. Low levels of circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin are associated with spontaneous abortions. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2013;26(18):1782-7./ 2013 |
Case-control study |
High profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduction of alpha-1-antitrypsin. |
Silva et al.4141 Silva FF, Mesquita ERRBPL, Patricio FJB, Corrêa R da GCF, Ferreira ECMF, Chein MB da C, Brito LMO. Associação de alelos HLA e aborto espontâneo recorrente em uma população de São Luís/Maranhão, na região Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs. 2015;37(8):347-52. 2015 |
Case-control study |
The HLA-A * 34 allele is a risk factor for abortion and the HLA-A * 24, HLA-B * 35 alleles are associated with protection against abortion. |
Alijotas-Reig et al.1818 Alijotas-Reig J, Ferrer-Oliveras R, Rodrigo-Anoro MJ, Farran-Codina I, Cabero-Roura L, Vilardell-Tarres M. Antiß2-glycoprotein-I and anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies in women with spontaneous pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril. 2010;93(7):2330-6./2010 |
Case-control study |
Presence of anti-β-glycoprotein-I antibody. |
Al-Khateeb et al.1616 Al-Khateeb GM, Sater MS, Finan RR, Mustafa FE, AlBusaidi AS, Al-Sulaiti MA, Almawi WY. Analysis of interleukin-18 promoter polymorphisms and changes in interleukin-18 serum levels underscores the involvement of interleukin-18 in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. Fertil Steril. 2011;96(4):921-6./2011 |
Case-control study |
BMI, menarche and IL-18 reduction |
Miskovic et al.1515 Miskovic S, Culic V, Konjevoda P, Pavelic J. Positive reproductive family history for spontaneous abortion: Predictor for recurrent miscarriage in young couples. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;161(2):182-6./ 2011 |
Case-control study |
History of family abortion and between 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree relatives |
Xu et al.11 Xu G, Wu Y, Yang L, Yuan L, Guo H, Zhang F, Guan Y, Yao W. Risk factors for early miscarriage among Chinese: A hospital-based case-control study. Fertil Steril. 2014; 101 (6): 1663-70./ 2014 |
Case-control study |
History of miscarriage, sleeping late and night work |
Hure et al.2525 Hure AJ, Powers JR, Mishra GD, Herbert DL, Byles JE, Loxton D. Miscarriage, preterm delivery, and stillbirth: Large variations in rates within a cohort of australian women. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):1-8./ 2012 |
Prospectivecohort study |
Smoking, infertility problems, level of education and physical activity |
Ostojic' et al.4444 Ostojic S, Pereza N, Volk M, Kapovic M, Peterlin B. Genetic predisposition to idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion: Contribution of genetic variations in IGF-2 and H19 imprinted genes. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2008;60(2):111-7./ 2008 |
Case-control study |
Polymorphism of IGF-2 in female partners |
Whitcomb et al.1313 Whitcomb BW, Schisterman EF, Klebanoff MA, Baumgarten M, Luo X, Chegini N. Circulating levels of cytokines during pregnancy: thrombopoietin is elevated in miscarriage. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(6):1795-802./ 2008 |
Case-control study |
High maternal age and high levels of thrombopoietin |
Parveen et al.3737 Parveen F, Shukla A, Agarwal S. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in northern Indian women with recurrent miscarriages. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(2):433-440.e2./ 2013 |
Case-control study |
Reductions of some IL-10 haplotypes |
Vidyadhari et al.4040 Vidyadhari M, Sujatha M, Krupa P, Jyothy A, Nallari P, Venkateshwari A. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of interleukin-10 gene increases the risk for spontaneous abortions - a triad study. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2015;32(7):1129-34./ 2015 |
Case-control study |
IL-10 polymorphism |
Rodriguez-Guillen et al.2828 Rodríguez-guillén MR, Torres-sánchez L, Chen J, Galván-M, Silva-zolezzi I, Blanco-muñoz J, Hernández-Valero MA, López-Carrilho L. Dietary consumption of B vitamins, maternal MTHFR polymorphisms and risk for spontaneous abortion. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;51(655):19-25./ 2010 |
Case-control study |
Maternal paid employment and paternal smoking and polymorphism of the MTHFR genotypes. |
Rah et al.4343 Rah H, Jeon YJ, Lee BE, Choi DH, Yoon TK, Lee WS, Kim NK. Association of kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) gene polymorphisms with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in Korean women. Fertil Steril. 2013;99(3):753-60.e8./ 2012 |
Case-control study |
KDR-604T / C polymorphism |
Lee et al.4242 Lee HH, Hong SH, Shin SJ, Ko JJ, Oh D, Kim NK. Association study of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms with the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Fertil Steril. 2010;93(4):1244-7./ 2010 |
Case-control study |
Polymorphism of -1154G> |
Correia et al.1414 Correia LL, Rocha HAL, Leite ÁJM, Campos JS, Silva AC, Machado MMT, Rocha SGMO, Gomes TN, Cunha AJLA. Tendência de abortos espontâneos e induzidos na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil : uma série transversal. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant. 2018;18(1):133-42./2018 |
Cross-sectional study series |
Studied for less than eight years, knowledge of the morning-after pill and not having children |
Mora-Alferez et al.44 Mora-Alferez AP, Paredes D, Rodríguez O, Quispe E, Chavesta F, Zighelboim EK, Michelena M. Anomalías CromosómIicas en Abortos espontáneos. Rev Peru Ginecol Obstet. 2016;62 (2): 141-51./ 2016 |
Descriptivecross-sectional study |
Chromosomal alteration, aneuploidies with a predominance of trisomies and increased maternal age |
Barbaresco et al.3333 Barbaresco AA, Costa TL, Avelar JB, Rodrigues IMX, Amaral WN , Castro AM. Infecções de transmissão vertical em material abortivo e sangue com ênfase em Toxoplasmose gondii. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs. 2014;36(1):17-22./ 2014 |
Cross-sectional study |
Positive serology for a cytomegalovirus, rubella and toxoplasmosis |
Guimarães et al.2626 Guimarães MT, Cunha MG, Carvalho DP, Sampaio T, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA. Desfechos relacionados à gravidez em áreas contaminadas, SP, Brasil. Rev. bras. epidemiol. 2011; 14(4):598-608./ 2011 |
Cross-sectional study |
Higher occurrence in contaminated areas, but without significant association |
Cecatti et al.1212 Cecatti JG, Guerra GV de QL, Sousa MH, Menezes GM de S. Aborto no Brasil : um enfoque demográfico. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs. 2010;32(3):105-11./2010 |
Cross-sectional study |
High maternal age, more than 1 child born alive, not from the South, less education and having a stable partner. |
Garcia et al.2929 Garcia CAB, Novak AP, Maygua JO. Progesterone as a forecasting factor for threats of abortion. Gac Médica Boliv. 2009;32(2):11-6./2009 |
Case-control study. |
Progesterone reduction and low levels of Progestogen |
Noguez et al.1919 Noguez PT, Muccillo-baisch AL, Cezar-vaz MR, Cristina M. Aborto espontâneo em mulheres residentes nas proximidades do parque industrial do município do Rio Grande - RS. Texto Context Enferm. 2008;17(3):435-46./ 2008 |
Cross-sectional study |
Menarche age 11 and 13, presence of three or more children |
Morales-Machín et al.33 Morales-Machín A, Borjas-fajardo L, Zabala W, Alvarez F, Delgado W. Polimorfismo C677T del gen de la Metiltetrahidrofolato Reductasa como factor de riesgo en mujeres con aborto recurrente . Invest Clin. 2009; 50 (3): 327-33./ 2009 |
Case-control study. |
Polymorphism has not been demonstrated C677T from MTHFR |
Li et al.3838 Li N, Wu HM, Hang F, Zhang YS, Li MJ. Women with recurrent spontaneous abortion have decreased 25 ( OH ) vitamin D and VDR at the fetal-maternal interface. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2017;50(11):1-6./ 2017 |
Case-control study. |
Elevation of vitamin D in deciduous |
Kiss et al.22 Kiss A, Rosa RFM, Zen PRG, Pfeil JN, Graziadio C, Paskulin GA. Anormalidades cromossômicas em casais com história de aborto recorrente. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs. 2009;31(2):68-74./ 2009 |
Cross-sectional study |
Chromosomal abnormalities |
Rolnik et al.4545 Rolnik DL, Carvalho MHB, Catelani ALPM, Pinto APAR, Lira JBG, Kusagari NK, Belline P, Chauffaille ML. Análise citogenética em material de abortamento espontâneo. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2010; 56 (6): 681-3./ 2010 |
Descriptive study |
Cytogenetic changes and trisomy of chromosome 16 |
Pang et al.88 Pang L, Wei Z, Li O, Huang R, Qin J, Chen H, Fan X, Chen Z J. An Increase in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF Soluble Receptor-1 ( sFlt-1 ) Are Associated with Early Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):1-6./2013 |
Case-control study. |
Elevation of VEGF and sFlt-1 in chorionic villus |
Zhuang et al.3939 Zhuang X, Xia X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang C. Expression of Tim-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and placental tissue in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(38):1-4./2018 |
Case-control study. |
Tim-3 elevation |
Zhao et al.2727 Zhao R, Wu Y, Zhao F, Lv Y, Huang D, Wei J, Ruan C, Huang M, Deng J, Huang D, Qiu X. The risk of missed abortion associated with the levels of tobacco, heavy metals and phthalate in hair of pregnant woman. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96 (51): e9388./2017 |
Case-control study. |
Gestational age, passive smoking, exposure to heavy metals |
Matin et al.3434 Matin S, Shahbazi G, Namin ST, Moradpour R, Feizi F, Piri-dogahe H. Comparison of Placenta PCR and Maternal Serology of Aborted Women for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Ardabil, Iran. Korean J Parasitol. 2017;55(6):607-11./2017 |
Cross-sectional study |
Contamination by T. gondii
|
Rashid et al.1111 Rashid H, Ma E, Ferdous F, Ekström EC, Wagatsuma Y. First-trimester fetal growth restriction and the occurrence of miscarriage in rural Bangladesh : A prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2017;12 (7): 1-11./2017 |
Prospective cohort study |
Parity, early pregnancy BMI, gestational age, fetal growth restriction and socioeconomic status |
Ruiz-Delgado et al.4646 Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Cantero-Fortiz Y, Mendez-Huerta MA, Leon-Gonzalez M, Nunez-Cortes AK, Leon-Pena AA, Olivares-Gazca JC, Ruiz-Arguelles GJ. Primary Thrombophilia in Mexico XII : Miscarriages Are More Frequent in People with Sticky Platelet Syndrome. Turk J Hematol. 2017; 34: 239-43./2017 |
Prospective cohort study |
Sticky platelet syndrome |
Koerten et al.4848 Koerten M, Niwa K, Szatmári A, Hajnalka B, Ruzsa Z, Nagdyman N, Niggemeyer E, Peters B, Schneider KM, Kuschel B, Mizuno Y, Berger F, Kaemmerer H, Bauer UMM. Frequency of Miscarriage/Stillbirth and Terminations of Pregnancy Among Women With Congenital Heart Disease in Germany, Hungary and Japan. Circ J. 2016; 80 (8): 1846-51./2016 |
Cross-sectional study |
Heart problems |
Bhandari et al.2121 Bhandari HM, Tan BK, Quenby S. Superfertility is more prevalent in obese women with recurrent early pregnancy miscarriage. BJOG. 2015;123:217-22./ 2015 |
Retrospectivecohort study |
Obesity |
Kazerooni et al.4747 Kazerooni T, Ghaffarpasand F, Asadi N, Dehkhoda Z. Correlation between thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome : A comparative study. J Chinese Med Assoc. 2013; 76 (5): 282-8./ 2012 |
Case-control study |
Hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia, hypofibrinolysis and hyperhomocysteinemia, activated protein C mutations and Leiden factor V |
Borsari et al.2020 Borsari CMG, Nomura RMY, Benute GRG, Lucia MCS, Francisco RP, Zugaib M. Aborto provocado em mulheres da periferia da cidade de São Paulo : vivência e aspectos socioeconômicos. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs. 2013;35(1):27-32./ 2013 |
Prospective and case-control study |
Less education, lower family income and more frequent negative feelings in the suspicion and confirmation of pregnancy. |
O'Dwyer et al.2222 O'Dwyer V, Monaghan B, Kennelly MM, Turner MJ, Farah N. Miscarriage after Sonographic Confirmation of an Ongoing Pregnancy in Women with Moderate and Severe Obesity. Obes Facts. 2012;5:393-8./ 2012 |
Prospective observational cohort study |
Obese primiparous |
McElroy et al.2424 McElroy JA, Bloom T, Moore K, Geden B, Everett K, Bullock LF. Perinatal Mortality and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a LowIncome Rural Population of Women who Smoke. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012; 94 (4): 223-9./ 2012 |
Prospective study |
Maternal smoking and rural residence |
Rodríguez-Guillén et al.2828 Rodríguez-guillén MR, Torres-sánchez L, Chen J, Galván-M, Silva-zolezzi I, Blanco-muñoz J, Hernández-Valero MA, López-Carrilho L. Dietary consumption of B vitamins, maternal MTHFR polymorphisms and risk for spontaneous abortion. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;51(655):19-25. / 2010 |
Case-control study |
MTHFR polymorphisms |
Seo et al.3030 Seo SS, Arokiyaraj S, Kim MK, Oh HY, Kwon M, Kong JS, Shin MK, Yu YL, Lee JK. High Prevalence of Leptotrichia amnionii, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia sanguinegens, and Factor 1 Microbes and Association of Spontaneous Abortion among Korean Women. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017: 5435089./ 2017 |
Cross-sectional study |
Presence of L. amnionii, A. vaginae, S. sanguinegens
|
Reid et al.3232 Reid F, Oakeshott P, Kerry SR, Hay PE, Jensen JS. Chlamydia related bacteria (Chlamydiales) in early pregnancy : community-based cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(2):119.e9-119.e14./2017 |
Cohort study |
Presence of infection by Clamydia trachomatis
|
Mengistie et al.3131 Mengistie Z, Woldeamanuel Y, Asrat D, Adera A. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:1-5. / 2014 |
Cross-sectional study |
Presence of bacterialvaginosis |