Chemical, physical and biological changes of white oat ensiled with different additives

Garcez Neto, Américo Fróes; Silva, Janielen da; Santos, Tiago Machado dos; Fernandes, Sergio Rodrigo; Nascimento, Eduardo Michelon

doi:10.1590/S1519-99402018000100001

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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Forragicultura e Pastagens • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 19 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402018000100001 copy

Chemical, physical and biological changes of white oat ensiled with different additives

Alterações químicas, físicas e biológicas da aveia branca ensilada com diferentes aditivos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

This study evaluated the addition of inoculants on the aerobic stability, nutritional value, and fermentation and microbiological profiles of white oat silages (Avena sativa L.). The trial was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of three ensiling approaches: oat (O); oat with homofermentative bacterial inoculant (OB); and oat with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant (OBE). The aerobic stability was 9 days for silage O and 14 days for silages OB and OBE. The non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) decreased (16.67 to 14.05% DM) and the crude protein (CP) did not change (mean of 8.98% DM) during the aerobic exposure in all silages. The buffering capacity (BC) decreased, while pH and the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) increased during the aerobic exposure in all silages. Independent from the aerobic exposure period, BC of OBE silage was higher than O silage (29.67 vs. 24.80 meq/100 g DM). Lactic acid bacteria count in OB silage (7.83 log CFU/g) was higher than in O and OBE silages (5.24 log CFU/g, on average). Also, the OB silage showed high enterobacteria count compared to OBE silage (2.49 vs. 0.76 log CFU/g). The inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase enzyme at the dose of 1×10⁵ CFU/g does not improve the aerobic stability, nutritional value and the fermentation and microbiological profiles of oat silages.

Keywords:
bacteria; ensiling; enzyme; inoculant; winter crop

Component¹ 1 FM = fresh matter; DM = dry matter; CP = crude protein; EE = ether extract; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ADF = acid detergent fiber; HCel = hemicellulose; NFC = non-fibrous carbohydrates.	Time (days)	Silage² 2 O = oat; OB = oat with bacterial inoculant composed of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; OBE: oat with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase.			Mean	CV (%)
	Time (days)	O	OB	OBE	Mean	CV (%)
DM (% FM)	0	28.11	26.52	26.61	27.08	4.43
	20	27.83	27.79	26.97	27.53
	Mean	27.97ᵃ	27.16^ab	26.79^b	27.31
CP (% DM)	0	9.49	9.34	8.87	9.23	10.36
	20	8.75	8.29	9.16	8.73
	Mean	9.12	8.82	9.01	8.98
EE (% DM)	0	3.65^bA	4.02^aA	3.79^abA	3.82^A	16.35
	20	2.97^aB	2.84^aB	3. 10^aB	2.97^B
	Mean	3.31	3.43	3.44	3.39
NDF (% DM)	0	63.61^bB	63.97^bB	65.57^aA	64.38^B	3.60
	20	67.52^aA	68.47^aA	66.34^aA	67.44^A
	Mean	65.56	66.22	65.95	65.91
ADF (% DM)	0	33.79^aB	33.26^aB	34.24^aA	33.76^B	5.70
	20	35.93^abA	37.41^aA	35.14^bA	36.1 6^A
	Mean	34.86	35.33	34.69	34.96
HCel (% DM)	0	29.82	30.71	31.33	30.62	3.93
	20	31.59	31.06	31.20	31.28
	Mean	30.70	30.88	31.27	30.95
NFC (% DM)	0	17.84	16.64	15.54	16.67^A	14.04
	20	13.64	13.97	14.55	14.05^B
	Mean	15.74	15.30	15.04	15.36
Ash (% DM)	0	5.97^bB	6.04^abB	6.24^aB	6.08^B	6.69
	20	6.91^aA	6.43^bA	6.86^aA	6.73^A
	Mean	6.44^ab	6.23^b	6.55ᵃ	6.41

Component¹ 1 BC = buffering capacity; DM = dry matter; EC = electrical conductivity; NH3-N = ammonia nitrogen; N = nitrogen.	Time (days)	Silage² 2 O = oat; OB = oat with bacterial inoculant composed of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; OBE = oat with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase.			Mean	CV (%)
	Time (days)	O	OB	OBE	Mean	CV (%)
pH (1 – 14)	0	4.23	4.33	4.29	4.28^B	34.41
	20	8.68	8.52	7.83	8.34^A
	Mean	6.46	6.42	6.06	6.31
BC (meq/100 g DM)	0	41.56	48.44	47.00	45.67^A	66.73
	20	8.04	7.39	12.33	9.25^B
	Mean	24.80^b	27.92^ab	29.67ᵃ	27.46
EC (mS/cm)	0	1266.22	1280.04	1253.93	1266.73	8.57
	20	1295.48	1319.58	1361.55	1325.54
	Mean	1280.85	1299.81	1307.74	1296.13
NH₃-N (% total N)	0	18.97^bB	22.89^aB	21.30^abB	21.05^B	30.14
	20	40.07^aA	33.30^aA	34.82^aA	36.06^A
	Mean	29.52	28.09	28.06	28.56

Bacteria	Silage¹ 1 O = oat; OB = oat with bacterial inoculant composed of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; OBE = oat with bacterial-enzymatic inoculant composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase.			Mean	CV (%)
Bacteria	O	OB	OBE	Mean	CV (%)
Lactic acid bacteria (log CFU/g FM)	5.597^b	7.833ᵃ	4.890^b	6.005	27.16
Enterobacteria (log CFU/g FM)	1.531^ab	2.488ᵃ	0.759^b	1.642	80.95

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[1] *Endereço para correspondência: americo.garcez@ufpr.br