Sugarcane total mixed ration silage ensiling with chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant: characteristics of silage and animal digestion

GANDRA, Jefferson Rodrigues; MACHADO, Fábio Souza; PEDRINI, Cibeli de Almeida; OLIVEIRA, Euclides Reuter; GOES, Rafael Henrique de Tonissi Buschinelli; GANDRA, Erika Rosendo de Sena; TAKIYA, Caio Seiti

doi:10.1590/S1519-9940202200142022

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Animal Nutrition • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 23 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-9940202200142022 linkcopy

Sugarcane total mixed ration silage ensiling with chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant: characteristics of silage and animal digestion

Silagem de dieta total de cana de açúcar ensilada com quitosana e inoculante microbiano homoláctico: características da silagem e digestão animal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate total mixed ration silages with sugarcane and the additives microbial inoculant and chitosan. Thirty mini-silos were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and ten replications. Silages were composed of sugarcane mixed with corn bran, whole soybean, urea, and mineral mixtures at a 50:50 roughage to concentrate ratio. Treatments consisted of control silage, microbial additive (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus acidilactici, 4 g/t of KeraSil, Kera Nutrição Animal), and chitosan (10 g/kg of natural matter). Silages were evaluated for fermentation and microbiological profile, fermentation losses, aerobic stability, chemical-bromatological composition, intake, and digestibility. Fermentation profile showed no significant difference between treatments for pH values, with a mean value of 4.79. Production of acetic and propionic acids showed no difference between treatments, with mean values of 7.34 and 0.053 mmol/kg DM, respectively. Dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein intake of the total mixed ration silage differed statistically from the other treatments (P<0.05), but fresh sugarcane and sugarcane silage intake did not differ from each other (P>0.05). Digestibility values of DM, OM, and NDF were higher in the total mixed ration silage (P<0.05), while sugarcane silage and fresh sugarcane showed no difference from each other (P>0.05). Total mixed ration silage increased nutrient intake and digestibility, with a better fermentation pattern when added with the microbial inoculant.

digestibility; ruminants; silage; inoculants; total mixed ration

Item	Treatments¹			SEM	P-value
	CON	INO	CHI
pH	4.71	4.81	4.86	0.14	0.77
N-NH₃(mg/dL)	34.60^a	11.60^c	20.80^b	3.28	0.01
mmol/kgMS
Ethanol	4.91^a	3.84^b	4.40^ab	0.48	0.01
Acetate	7.08	7.26	7.69	0.32	0.74
Propionate	0.051	0.065	0.044	0.01	0.07
Butyrate	0.292^b	0.502^a	0.242^b	0.04	0.03
Microbiology (log₁₀)
Latic bacteria	6.54^ab	7.03^a	6.23^b	0.32	<0.01
Fungi and molds	8.02^a	6.45^b	4.04^c	0.231	<0.01

Item	Treatments¹			SEM	P-value
	CON	INO	CHI
Losses
Gases (fresh matter)	2.22^b	3.30^a	3.78^a	0.22	<0.001
Gases (dry matter)	8.92^b	6.42^c	10.26^a	0.48	<0.001
Effluent (kg/ton)	8.87^b	7.60^c	15.73^a	1.37	0.003
Effluent (dry matter)	0.887^b	0.760^b	1.57^a	0.14	0.003
Total (dry matter)	9.81^b	7.18^c	11.83^a	0.54	<0.001
Recovery (dry matter)	90.18^b	92.81^c	88.16^a	0.54	<0.001
Aerobic stability
Sum (^oC)	219.86^a	217.36^b	217.08^b	0.29	<0.001
Temperature (^oC)	27.06^a	26.50^b	26.62^b	0.08	<0.001
Times (hours)	64.80^b	93.60^a	98.40^a	3.43	<0.001

Item	Treatments¹			SEM²	P-value
	CON	INO	CHI
Dry matter (% fresh matter)	64.98	66.78	64.80	0.49	0.19
Organic matter	94.51	94.72	94.43	0.05	0.06
Crude protein	15.00^c	17.70^a	16.36^b	0.49	0.05
Neutral detergente fiber	40.59	36.85	37.77	2.58	0.06
Acid detergente fiber	17.45	16.56	17.09	0.39	0.54
Non-fiber carbohydrate	32.04^b	37.22^a	36.38^a	2.71	0.04
Fat	5.50	4.93	5.26	0.43	0.21
Ash	5.48	5.27	5.56	0.05	0.06
Total digestible nutrients³	66.85	69.58	68.03	1.08	0.06
Net lactation energy³ (Mcal/kg)	1.59	1.76	1.62	0.03	0.08

Item	Experimental diets			SEM¹	P-value
	Fresh sugarcane	Sugarcane silage	Sugarcane total mix ration silage
Intake (kg/dia)
Dry matter	0.581^b	0.506^b	0.853^a	0.06	<0.01
Organic matter	0.535^b	0.489^b	0.781^a	0.06	<0.01
Crude protein	0.102^b	0.081^b	0.130^a	<0.01	0.04
NDF	0.207	0.221	0.240	0.02	0.47
Digestibilility (g/kg)
Dry matter	658.08^b	653.98^b	787.71^a	2.05	<0.01
Organic matter	682.04^b	677.45^b	807.03^a	1.95	<0.01
Crude protein	860.67	850.38	895.52	1.43	0.24
NDF	488.47^b	479.25^b	534.93^a	5.22	0.02

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UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia Avenida Milton Santos, 500 - Ondina , CEP 40170-110 Salvador-BA Brasil, Tel. 55 71 32836725, Fax. 55 71 32836718 - Salvador - BA - Brazil
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[TFN1] ¹CON (total mix ration silage with no additive added). INO (4 g/ton Pediococcus acidilactici: 3.9x10¹⁰ cfu/g + Propionibacterium acidipropionici: 3.75x10¹⁰ cfu/g) CHI (inclusion of chitosan 10 g/kg of natural matter). ²SEM (standard error of the mean).^a-c Different letters on the same line differ in the TUKEY test set by the SAS PROC MIXED