Performance and digestibility of piglets fed with rations containing alfalfa hay and fructooligosaccharide at the initial phase

BUDIÑO, Fábio Enrique Lemos; PREZZI, Joel Alberto; RODRIGUES, Daniela Junqueira; MONFERDINI, Renato Pacheco; OTSUK, Ivani Posar

doi:10.1590/S1519-99402015000400004

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Nutrição Animal • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 16 (4) • Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402015000400004 linkcopy

Performance and digestibility of piglets fed with rations containing alfalfa hay and fructooligosaccharide at the initial phase

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

Two assays were accomplished being, both using a randomized block design with factorial schema (3x2) where was evaluated three levels of inclusion of alfalfa hay (0.0%; 5.0% and 10.0%) and two levels of fructooligosaccharide - FOS (0,0% and 0.3%). Assay 1 the aimed was to evaluate the performance, was utilized 72 piglets, commercial lineage,, of both genders (one male + one female/cage), six reps with initial weight of 5.95 ± 0.73kg, aged at approximately 21 days. There was no interaction between treatments. In the period from 21 to 59 days of age,, the gain of weight didn’t show differences between treatments. The group that consumed ration with addition of 0.3% of FOS showed highest consumption in comparation with the control group (0.0% FOS). It was observe an improvement on the feed conversion of the diets that didn’t have inclusion of FOS, however, it hadn’t significant difference between the control diet and the others diets in relation to the levels of alfalfa. Assay 2 the objective was to determine the rations nutrients digestibility, nitrogen balance and the digestible and metabolizable energy. It was concluded that the addition of FOS enhances the consumption of diets with alfalfa hay. The addition of alfalfa hay reduced the digestibility coefficients of nutrients except for ether extract, but did not affect the nitrogen balance.

consumption of ration; feed conversion; gain of weight; metabolism; prebiotic

Ingredientes (%)^*	Basal	Alfafa 5	Alfafa 10
Alfafa (Feno)	0,000	5,000	10,000
Farelo de soja 46%	20,000	17,000	16,600
Milho grão	37,800	33,800	24,570
Açúcar	2,000	2,000	2,000
Óleo de Soja	0,200	2,000	6,500
Núcleo^**	40,000	40,000	40,000
L-lisina (HCl, 78%)	0,000	0,120	0,166
L-treonina (98%)	0,000	0,040	0,080
DL-metionina (99%)	0,000	0,040	0,085

Total	100,000	100,000	100,000

Nutrientes calculados

Energia digestível (kcal/kg)	3.267	3.200	3.225
Proteína bruta (%)	20,822	20,095	20,148
Lisina digestível (%)	1,709	1,700	1,700
Metionina digestível (%)	0,634	0,644	0,663
Met + Cis digestível (%)	0,983	0,965	0,965
Treonina digestível (%)	1,091	1,063	1,063
Triptofano digestível (%)	0,263	0,240	0,240
Cálcio (%)	0,621	0,684	0,754
Fósforo total (%)	0,619	0,603	0,600
Sódio (%)	0,310	0,307	0,304
FDN total (%)	6,280	7,590	8,820
Incremento FDN fornecido pela alfafa (%)	0,000	1,940	3,880

Ingredientes (%)^*	Basal	Alfafa 5	Alfafa 10
Alfafa (Feno)	0,000	5,000	10,000
Farelo de soja 46%	29,000	25,600	25,400
Milho grão	47,900	42,910	34,710
Açúcar	2,000	2,000	2,000
Óleo de Soja	1,100	4,300	7,600
Núcleo^**	20,000	20,000	20,000
L-lisina (HCl, 78%)	0,000	0,011	0,015
L-treonina (98%)	0,000	0,040	0,070
DL-metionina (99%)	0,000	0,040	0,070

Total	100,000	100,000	100,000

Nutrientes calculados

Energia digestível (kcal/kg)	3.337	3.318	3.304
Proteína bruta (%)	21,341	21,364	21,532
Lisina digestível (%)	1,529	1,500	1,500
Metionina digestível (%)	0,561	0,565	0,581
Met + Cis digestível (%)	0,898	0,880	0,880
Treonina digestível (%)	1,000	0,980	0,980
Triptofano digestível (%)	0,280	0,254	0,255
Cálcio (%)	0,728	0,790	0,860
Fósforo total (%)	0,610	0,590	0,590
Sódio (%)	0,190	0,186	0,183
FDN total (%)	8,440	11,270	10,860
Incremento FDN fornecido pela alfafa (%)	0,000	1,940	3,880

Ingredientes (%)^*	Basal	Alfafa 5	Alfafa 10
Alfafa (Feno)	0,000	5,000	10,000
Farelo de soja 46%	29,600	30,000	30,200
Milho grão	63,195	56,390	48.188
Açúcar	2,000	2,000	2,000
Óleo de Soja	1,000	2,400	5,300
Núcleo^**	4,000	4,000	4,000
L-lisina (HCl, 78%)	0,020	0,010	0,047
L-treonina (98%)	0,015	0,020	0,055
DL-metionina (99%)	0,170	0,180	0,210

Total	100,000	100,000	100,000

Nutrientes calculados

Energia digestível (kcal/kg)	3.409	3.355	3.302
Proteína bruta (%)	19,900	20,218	20,360
Lisina digestível (%)	1,280	1,280	1,280
Metionina digestível (%)	0,547	0,547	0,562
Met + Cis digestível (%)	0,877	0,871	0,870
Treonina digestível (%)	0,800	0,800	0,800
Triptofano digestível (%)	0,254	0,254	0,245
Cálcio (%)	0,820	0,893	0,962
Fósforo total (%)	0,593	0,592	0,583
Sódio (%)	0,185	0,184	0,181
FDN total (%)	9,900	11,340	12,530
Incremento FDN fornecido pela alfafa (%)	0,000	1,940	3,880

FOS	Alfafa				Contraste

	0,0%	5,0%	10,0%	Média	(1)	(2)
	Período 1

0,0%	119,28±15,71	109,28±15,71	106,42±15,71	111,42±9,28	ns	ns
0,3%	164,28±15,71	122,85±15,71	100,7±15,71	129,28±9,28	*	ns
Média	141,42±11,42	116,42±11,42	103,57±11,42	-	ns	ns

	Período 2

0,0%	278,80±15,47	237,14±15,47	235,95±15,47	250,47±9,04	*	ns
0,3%	262,38±15,47	255,71±15,47	199,52±15,47	239,28±9,04	ns	*
Média	270,47±10,95	246,42±10,95	217,85±10,95	-

	Período Total

0,0%	429,60±21,97	406,05±21,97	393,68±21,97	409,73±12,63	ns	ns
0,3%	442,63±21,97	434,34±21,97	379,73±21,97	418,94±12,63	ns	ns
Média	436,05±15,52	420,13±15,52	386,71±15,52	-	ns	ns

FOS	Alfafa				Contraste

	0,0%	5,0%	10,0%	Média	(1)	(2)
	Período 1

0,0%	213,57±15,71	205,71±15,71	173,57±15,71	197,85±9,28	ns	ns
0,3%	249,28±15,71	222,85±15,71	172,14±15,71	214,28±9,28	*	*
Média	231,42±11,42	214,28±11,42	172,85±11,42	-	ns	ns
	Período 2

0,0%	405,95±5,23	377,14±5,23^B	360,95±5,23^B	381,42±3,09	**	*
0,3%	400,23±5,23	412,38±5,23^A	406,19±5,23^A	406,19±3,09	ns	ns
Média	403,09±3,80	394,76±3,80	383,57±3,80	-	ns	ns
	Período Total

0,0%	700,65±2,89^B	610,00±2,89^B	682,23±2,89^B	664,34±1,71	**	**
0,3%	744,21±2,89^A	747,76±2,89^A	761,71±2,89^A	751,18±1,71	**	**
Média	722,36±2,10	678,81±2,10	721,97±2,10	-	ns	ns

FOS	Alfafa				Contraste

	0,0%	5,0%	10,0%	Média	(1)	(2)
	Período 1

0,0%	2,41±0,35	1,89±0,35	1,66±0,35	1,99±0,20	ns	ns
0,3%	1,55±0,35	2,17±0,35	1,98±0,35	1,90±0,20	ns	ns
Média	1,98±0,25	2,03±0,25	1,81±0,25		ns	ns

	Período 2

0,0%	1,47±0,13	1,59±0,13	1,56±0,13^B	1,54±0,07	ns	ns
0,3%	1,55±0,13	1,64±0,13	2,20±0,13^A	1,79±0,07	*	**
Média	1,51±0,09	1,61±0,09	1,88±0,09		ns	ns

	Período Total

0,0%	1,64±0,10	1,51±0,10	1,76±0,10	1,64±0,06^B	ns	ns
0,3%	1,72±0,10	1,72±0,10	2,07±0,10	1,84±0,06^A	ns	*
Média	1,68±0,07	1,62±0,07	1,92±0,07		ns	ns

FOS	Alfafa			Média	Contraste

	0,0%	5,0%	10,0%		(1)	(2)
	CDMS (%)

0,0%	71,51±2,19	63,94±2,19	55,38±2,19	63,61±1,26	**	*
0,3%	70,60±2,19	64,13±2,19	56,68±2,19	63,80±1,26	**	*
Média	71,05±1,55	64,04±1,55	56,03±1,55		ns	ns

	CDPB (%)

0,0%	73,28±1,81	67,18±1,81	63,90±1,81	68,12±1,04	**	ns
0,3%	74,45±1,81	67,54±1,81	65,25±1,81	69,08±1,04	**	ns
Média	73,86±1,28	67,36±1,28	64,57±1,28		ns	ns

	CDEE (%)

0,0%	51,71±3,41^A	66,16±3,41^A	69,81±3,41^A	62,56±1,97	**	ns
0,3%	32,67±3,41^B	40,10±3,41^B	68,30±3,41^A	47,07±1,97	**	**
Média	42,19±2,41	53,13±2,41	69,05±2,41		ns	ns

	CDFDN (%)

0,0%	33,53±8,41	16,00±8,41	8,43±8,41	19,32±4,85	ns	ns
0,3%	36,43±8,41	13,22±8,41	1,76±8,41	17,14±4,85	*	ns
Média	34,98±5,95	14,61±5,95	5,10±5,95		ns	ns

	CDFDA (%)

0,0%	44,50±9,80	26,13±9,80	-1,73±9,80	22,97±5,66	*	ns
0,3%	44,67±9,80	14,38±9,80	-3,87±9,80	18,39±5,66	**	ns
Média	44,58±6,93	20,25±6,93	-2,80±6,25		ns	ns

	CDEB (%)

0,0%	70,03±2,18	62,99±2,18	55,41±2,18	62,81±1,26	**	*
0,3%	68,98±2,18	62,84±2,18	56,90±2,18	62,91±1,26	**	ns
Média	69,51±1,54	62,92±1,54	56,16±1,54		ns	ns

	CMEB (%)

0,0%	66,83±2,21	60,25±2,21	52,89±2,21	59,99±1,28	**	*
0,3%	65,65±2,21	59,81±2,21	54,38±2,21	59,94±1,28	**	ns
Média	66,23±1,56	60,03±1,56	53,64±1,56		ns	ns

	ED (kcal/kg)

0,0%	3097,0±99,1	2854,2±99,1	2564,7±99,1	2838,6±57,2	**	*
0,3%	3071,4±99,1	2806,0±99,1	2659,6±99,1	2845,7±57,2	*	*
Média	3084,2±70,0	2830,1±70,0	2612,1±70,0		ns	ns

	EM (kcal/kg)

0,0%	2955,4±100,4	2729,9±100,4	2448,0±100,4	2711,2±57,9	**	ns
0,3%	2922,9±100,4	2670,9±100,4	2541,7±100,4	2711,8±57,9	*	ns
Média	2939,2±71,0	2700,4±71,0	2495,0±71,0		ns	ns

	CRN (%)

0,0%	14,66±4,41	18,10±4,41	18,64±4,41	17,13±2,54	ns	ns
0,3%	19,96±4,41	14,91±4,41	26,59±4,41	20,49±2,54	ns	ns
Média	17,31±3,12	16,51±3,12	22,61±3,12		ns	ns

	Nret (g/dia)

0,0%	5,01±1,46	6,17±1,46	6,49±1,46	5,89±0,84	ns	ns
0,3%	7,40±1,46	4,87±1,46	9,33±1,46	7,20±0,84	ns	ns
Média	6,20±1,03	5,52±1,03	7,91,1,03		ns	ns

	Ning (g/dia)

0,0%	34,16±0,63^B	34,09±0,63^A	35,12±0,63^A	34,46±0,37	ns	ns
0,3%	37,05±0,63^A	33,73±0,63^A	35,11±0,63^A	35,30±0,37	**	ns
Média	35,60±0,45	33,91±0,45	35,12±0,45		ns	ns

	Nret/Ning

0,0%	0,029±0,009	0,036±0,009	0,037±0,009	0,03±0,005	ns	ns
0,3%	0,039±0,009	0,029±0,009	0,053±0,009	0,04±0,005	ns	ns
Média	0,034±0,006	0,033±0,006	0,045±0,006		ns	ns

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[TFN1] *O frutoligossacarídeo foi incluído em substituição ao milho, nos tratamentos em que foi testado. **Níveis de garantia por kg de ração: Vit. A – 3.0000 U.I.; Vit. D3 – 5500 U.I.; Vit. E – 187.5 mg; Vit. K3 – 12,5 mg; Vit. B1 – 5,0 mg; Vit. B2 – 12,50 mg; Vit. B6 7,50 mg; Vit. B12 – 100 mcg; Ac. Fólico - 1 mg; Ác. Pantotênico - 75 mg; Niacina – 125 mg; Biotina – 0,75 mg; Colina – 3000 mg; Cálcio (max) – 21 g; Fósforo (min) – 12,20 g; Flúor (max) – 122 mg; Sódio – 5,5g; Ferro – 250 mg; Cobre – 30 mg; Zinco – 250 mg; Manganês – 100 mg; Iodo – 2,48 mg; Selênio – 1 mg; Cobalto – 1,88 mg; PB (min) – 18%; Lisina – 16000 mg; Metionina – 7200 mg; Treonina – 106036 mg; Lactose (min) – 20%; Palatabilizante – 500 mg; Flavorizante – 0,05%; EM – 3000 kcal/kg; Antioxidante – 0,025%.