Evaluation of iron dextran application programs to prevent iron deficiency anemia in piglets

COSTA, Tuany Dutra da; TEIXEIRA, Alexandre de Oliveira; MOREIRA, Leonardo Marmo; BRIGHENTI, Carla Regina Guimarães; REIS, Renata de Souza; VALENTE JÚNIOR, Dante Teixeira; LYON, Juliana Pereira; PIRES, Christiano Vieira; CORASSA, Anderson

doi:10.1590/S1519-994020220013

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Animal Nutrition • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 24 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-994020220013 linkcopy

Evaluation of iron dextran application programs to prevent iron deficiency anemia in piglets

Avaliação de programas para aplicação de ferro dextrano na prevenção da anemia ferropriva de leitões

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the effect of different iron dextran application programs on the performance, fecal score, and skin color of suckling piglets, as well as sow performance, 288 piglets from 24 sows were allocated to four treatments in six replications with 12 piglets per experimental unit, in a block design. The treatments were as follows: T200_000, T200_100, T200_200, and T100_100, whose respective values (in mg) corresponded to the applications of the first dose of iron dextran on the second day of life and of the second dose on the 10th day. Piglets on T200_000 and T200_200 showed the highest feed intake. In the period from 10 to 22 days, piglets receiving T100_100 exhibited the highest fecal score. On the 10th day of age, the lowest lightness (L*) value on the ear was obtained with T200_100, and the highest with T100_100. Treatments T200_000, T200_100, and T200_200 generated the highest red color (a*) intensity on the ear, whereas T100_100 provided the lowest hue and parameter b* values on the leg and snout. On the 22nd day of age, the highest b* and hue values of the ear and snout were found in the group fed T100_100. In conclusion, all evaluated programs were efficient in preventing iron deficiency anemia in newborn piglets. To reduce expenses, we recommend administering a single dose of 200 mg of iron dextran to piglets on the second day of life.

Diarrhea; Dose; Hemoglobin; Intake; Skin color; Suckling

Ingredient	Centesimal composition
Corn	57.44
Soybean meal	30.00
Oil	4.00
Sugar	4.00
Dicalcium phosphate	1.70
Limestone	1.30
Salt	0.50
Vitamin-mineral mix¹	0.50
L-lysine	0.19
Vacci-Casco^®2	0.10
Cobrevacc^®3	0.07
L-threonine	0.07
Amoxan^®4	0.06
Prophorce^®5	0.05
DL-methionine	0.02

Total	100

Calculated composition	Nutritional value

Crude protein (%)	18.60
Metabolizable energy (Kcal kg^-1)	3.468
Total lysine (%)	1.17
Digestible lysine (%)	0.99
Calcium (%)	1.0
Total phosphorus (%)	0.64

Chemical composition (per kg of feed)	Nutritional value
Crude protein min. (g kg^-1)	200
Ether extract min. (g kg^-1)	35
Crude fiber max. (g kg^-1)	35
Mineral matter max. (g/kg)¹	90
Calcium min. (g kg^-1)	7.5
Calcium max. (g kg^-1)	12
Phosphorus min. (mg kg^-1)	6,000
Iron min. (mg kg^-1)	157.5

Climatic variable	Period
Climatic variable	2 to 9 days	10 to 22 days
Temperature at 14h00 (ºC)	25.20 ± 2.15	25.64 ± 1.80
Minimum temperature (ºC)	18.20 ± 1.99	18.73 ± 2.87
Maximum temperature (ºC)	26.50 ± 3.14	26.18 ± 1.47
Black globe temperature (ºC)	28.20 ± 3.16	28.27 ± 2.20
Relative humidity (%)	43.20 ± 13.45	39.45 ± 7.59
BGHI (K)	72.92 ± 2.54	72.76 ± 2.50

Parameter	Period (days)	Treatment				p-value	CV (%)
Parameter	Period (days)	T200_000	T200_100	T200_200	T100_100	p-value	CV (%)
AW (g)	2	1371	1434	1212	1427	NS	8.6
	10	3322	3512	3156	3509	NS	14.0
	22	6440	6742	6407	6423	Ns	11.0
ADG (g/piglet/d)	2 a 9	216.67	230.83	215.83	231.33	NS	18.0
	10 a 22	274.67	280.33	283.33	256.50	Ns	11.5
	2 a 22	249.17	258.83	253.83	245.67	NS	12.5
ADFI (g/piglet/d)	10 a 22	2.92a	2.16b	2.87a	2.32b	<0.03	21.1

Variable	Period	Treatment				p-value	CV (%)
Variable	Period	T200_000	T200_100	T200_200	T100_100	p-value	CV (%)
ADFI (kg)	2 to 9 days	4.15	4.08	3.97	4.37	NS	17.8
	10 to 22 days	5.32	5.28	4.90	5.56	NS	16.0
	2 a 22 days	4.71	4.84	4.55	5.11	NS	16.5

Period	Treatment				p-value	CV (%)
Period	T200_000	T200_100	T200_200	T100_100	p-value	CV (%)
2 to 9 days	2.019	2.017	2.016	2.018	NS	4.3
10 to 22 days	2.091ab	2.028b	2.066b	2.141a	<0.003	7.9

Site	Parameter	Treatment				p-value	CV (%)
Site	Parameter	T200_000	T200_100	T200_200	T100_100	p-value	CV (%)
Ear	L*	59.81 ± 1.7ab	59.50 ±1.2b	59.53±1.7ab	61.57±1.4a	<0.010	2.3
	a*	9.92 ± 1.3a	9.86 ± 0.9a	10.02 ± 0.7a	8.83 ± 0.7b	<0.045	7.8
	b*	3.80 ± 0.3	3.57 ± 0.4	4.04 ± 0.8	3.73 ± 0.7	NS	15.9
	Hue	21.18 ± 3.5	20.02 ± 3.5	22.02 ± 5.2	19.09 ± 3.8	NS	19.2
Leg	L*	57.48 ± 1.2	59.64 ± 0.8	58.01 ± 2.9	56.44 ± 1.5	<0.248	3.1
	a*	12.03 ± 0.1	12.17 ± 0.6	12.67 ± 1.1	12.75 ± 0.9	NS	7.3
	b*	2.77b ± 0.2b	3.91 ± 0.4a	3.79 ± 0.4a	1.84 ± 0.3c	<0.001	11.4
	Hue	12.84b ± 0.1b	18.28 ±2.1a	16.79 ± 3.0a	8.49 ± 1.2c	<0.001	13.6
Snout	L*	60.25 ± 1.1	59.01 ± 1.8	59.46 ± 1.3	60.97 ± 0.6	<0.072	2.1
	a*	13.79 ± 1.2	12.99 ± 0.5	13.42 ± 1.1	13.63 ± 0.9	<0.393	6.2
	b*	7.25a ± 0.6a	7.74 ± 0.6a	7.25 ± 0.5a	6.49 ± 0.6b	<0.002	6.7
	Hue	28.29 ± 3.5ab	30.98 ±1.5a	28.48±2.9ab	24.66 ± 3.0c	<0.001	6.9

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UFBA - Universidade Federal da Bahia Avenida Milton Santos, 500 - Ondina , CEP 40170-110 Salvador-BA Brasil, Tel. 55 71 32836725, Fax. 55 71 32836718 - Salvador - BA - Brazil
E-mail: rbspa@ufba.br

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[TFN1] ¹Vitamin-mineral mix (amount per kg of product): Folic Acid (min.) 120 mg, Pantothenic Acid (min.) 3,200 mg, BHT (min.) 100 mg, Biotin (min.) 40 mg, Cobalt (min.) 40 mg, Copper (min.) 2,000 mg, Choline (min.) 60 g, Colistin 8,000 mg, Iron (min.) 20 g, Iodine (min.) 200 mg, Manganese (min.) 14 g, Niacin (min.) 6,000 mg, Selenium (min.) 80 mg, Vitamin A (min.) 2,000,000 IU, Vitamin B1 (min.) 300 mg, Vitamin B12 (min.) 4,000 mcg, Vitamin B2 (min.) 1,000 mg, Vitamin B6 (min.) 400 mg, Vitamin D3 (min.) 400,000 IU, Vitamin E (min.) 10,000 IU, Vitamin K3 (min.) 400 mg, Zinc (min.) 20 g. ²Amount per kg of product: B.H.T (min.) 10 g, Biotin (min.): 340 mg, Methionine (min.) 200 g. ³Amount per kg of product: Copper (min.): 115 g, Zinc (min.): 20 g. ⁴Amount per 100 g of product: Amoxicillin trihydrate 56.63 g, Kaolin q.s. 100 g. ⁵ (Amount per kg of product): Total butyric acid (min.) 600 g.