Abrams et al.(1111 Abrams D, Javidfar J, Farrand E, Mongero LB, Agerstrand CL, Ryan P, et al. Early mobilization of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care. 2014;18(1):R38.)
|
In-bed active-assisted exercises, in-bed and bedside sitting, and ambulation |
Yes |
The intervention caused no complications |
12 |
Improvement in functional capacity
|
Bain et al.(1919 Bain JC, Turner DA, Rehder KJ, Eisenstein EL, Davis RD, Cheifetz IM, et al. Economic outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with and without ambulation as a bridge to lung transplantation. Respir Care. 2016;61(1):1-7.)
|
Active rehabilitation and ambulation |
Yes |
NI |
0 |
The length of MV before LT and ECMO support were significantly greater in the IG than in the CG, whereas the length of MV and the length of ICU stay after LT were significantly shorter in the IG than in the CG
|
Carswell et al.(2020 Carswell A, Roberts A, Rosenberg A, Zych B, Garcia D, Simon A, et al. Mobilisation of patients with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO): A case series. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(Suppl 2):26-7.)
|
Bedside sitting, standing, stationary cycling, gait training, and ambulation |
Yes |
Desaturation and vertigo during mobilization, recovery with rest after the intervention in some patients |
NI |
NI |
Cork et al.(2121 Cork G, Barrett N, Ntoumenopoulos G. Justification for chest physiotherapy during ultra-protective lung ventilation and extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation: a case study. Physiother Res Int. 2014;19(2):126-8.)
|
Positioning in bed, hyperinflation with mechanical ventilator, vibration, and aspiration |
NI |
NI |
NI |
Favors secretion clearance and pulmonary recovery
|
Dennis et al.(2222 Dennis DR, Boling B, Tribble TA, Rajagopalan N, Hoopes CW. Safety of nurse driven ambulation for patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014;33(4 Suppl):S301.)
|
Bedside standing exercise and ambulation |
Yes |
The intervention caused no complications |
6 |
Fewer complications associated with immobility
|
Hermens et al.(2323 Hermens JA, Braithwaite SA, Heijnen G, van Dijk D, Donker DW. Awake' extracorporeal membrane oxygenation requires adequate lower body muscle training and mobilisation as sucessful bridge to lung transplant. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2015;3(Suppl 1):A510.)
|
Training of lower limb muscles (leg press, in-bed cycling, squatting, and bed-to-chair transfer) |
NI |
Large swelling (n = 1) and obstructive thrombus in the return cannula (n = 1) after femoro-femoral cannulation |
5 |
Improvement in muscle strength in the lower limbs before LT assessed via the MRC (pre-rehabilitation mean, 3.75; and pretransplantation mean, 4.25)
|
Keibun(2424 Keibun R. Awake ECMO and active rehabilitation strategies for venovenous ECMO as a bridge to recovery. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(12 Suppl):321.)
|
Active rehabilitation |
NI |
NI |
8 |
Improvement in physical function and decreases in the length of hospital and ICU stay
|
Kikukawa et al.(2525 Kikukawa T, Ogura T, Harasawa T, Suzuki H, Nakano M. H1N1 influenza-associated pneumonia with severe obesity: successful management with awake veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and early respiratory physical therapy. Acute Med Surg. 2015;3(2):186-9.)
|
Respiratory therapy and bedside sitting |
NI |
The intervention caused no complications |
NI |
Improvement in respiratory function
|
Ko et al.(2626 Ko Y, Cho YH, Park YH, Lee H, Suh GY, Yang JH, et al. Feasibility and safety of early physical therapy and active mobilization for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ASAIO J. 2015;61(5):564-8.)
|
Passive mobilization, active exercises, FES, bedside sitting, standing, stationary gait training, and ambulation |
Yes |
Three sessions were interrupted because of tachycardia and tachypnea |
NI |
Improvement in functionality and fitness
|
Kulkarni et al.(2727 Kulkarni T, Teerapuncharoen K, Trevor J, Wille K, Diaz-Guzman E. Ambulatory low blood flow extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with refractory status asthmaticus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:A4564.)
|
Active rehabilitation and ambulation (800 feet/day) |
Yes |
The intervention caused no complications |
0 |
NI |
Morris et al.(2828 Morris K, Barrett N, Curtis A. Exercise on ECMO: an evolving science. J Intensive Care Soc. 2014;15(1 Suppl):S60-1.)
|
Passive mobilization, bedside sitting, and active exercises |
NI |
Desaturation during the intervention, which was managed by increasing the blood flow in ECMO. No complications related to cannulation and normal cardiac response to exercise (increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure) (n = 1) |
NI |
NI |
Munshi et al.(2929 Munshi L, Kobayashi T, DeBacker J, Doobay R, Telesnick T, Lo V, et al. Intensive care physiotherapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(2):246-53.)
|
Mobilization protocol for patients on ECMO support: passive and active mobilization, bedside sitting, assisted or active standing, stationary gait training, bed-to-chair transfer, corridor ambulation, and treadmill exercise. Patients reached orthostasis |
No |
The intervention caused no complications |
IG: 1 CG 7 (ICU and hospital) |
The IG presented lower ICU and hospital mortality and shorter ECMO time
|
Norrenberg et al.(3030 Norrenberg M, Gleize A, Preiser JC. Impact of restricted hip moviment during ECMO on later joint mobility. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2016;4(Suppl 1):A579.)
|
Mobilization of all joints except for the limb used for ECMO cannulation. |
NI |
The intervention caused no complications |
4 |
NI |
Pastva et al.(3131 Pastva A, Kirk T, Parry SM. Functional electrical stimulation cycling pre-and post-bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation: A case report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:A1643.)
|
FES cycling in quadriceps, hamstrings, and buttocks bilaterally, progressive mobilization |
NI |
The intervention caused no complications |
0 |
Maintenance of the muscle mass of the rectus femoris (1.5 - 1.6cm) and vastus intermedius (0.95 - 1.15cm) during hospitalization and increase in muscle mass after hospital discharge of more than 2cm in both muscles. Improvement in muscle strength at ICU discharge (MRC sum score of 58/60 and hand grip strength of 60 pounds)
|
Pruijsten et al.(3232 Pruijstein R, van Thiel R, Hool S, Saeijs M, Verbiest M, Reis Miranda D. Mobilization of patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support using an ECMO helmet. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(10):1595-7.)
|
Bedside sitting, standing, and ambulation |
Yes |
The intervention caused no complications |
2 |
NI |
Rahimi et al.(3333 Rahimi RA, Skrzat J, Reddy DR, Zanni JM, Fan E, Stephens RS, et al. Physical rehabilitation of patients in the intensive care unit requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a small case series. Phys Ther. 2013;93(2):248-55.)
|
Therapeutic exercises in the supine position and active cycling in bed and assisted bedside sitting. |
NI |
The intervention caused no complications |
1 |
NI |
Rehder et al.(3434 Rehder KJ, Turner DA, Hartwig MG, Williford WL, Bonadonna D, Walczak RJ Jr, et al. Active rehabilitation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation. Respir Care. 2013;58(8):1291-8.)
|
Stretching and resisted exercises, sitting, standing, and ambulation (mean distance of 780m) |
Yes |
The intervention caused no complications |
0 |
Reduction in the MV time after LT and in the total lengths of hospital and ICU stay after LT. None of the IG patients had myopathy after LT, whereas two of the three CG patients presented this complication
|
Salam et al.(3535 Salam S, Kotloff R, Garcha P, Krishnan S, Joshi D, Grady P, et al. Lung transplantation after 125 days on ECMO for severe refractory hypoxemia with no prior lung disease. ASAIO J. 2017;63(5):e66-8.)
|
Active exercises with elastic bands, mini-leg press, bedside sitting, and ambulation |
Yes |
Cannula fracture during ambulation (n = 1) |
0 |
Improvement in fitness before LT
|
Turner et al.(3636 Turner DA, Cheifetz IM, Rehder KJ, Williford WL, Bonadonna D, Banuelos SJ, et al. Active rehabilitation and physical therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation while awaiting lung transplantation: a practical approach. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(12):2593-8.)
|
Resisted exercises, progressive mobilization, gait training, and ambulation |
Yes |
The intervention caused no complications |
0 |
NI |
Wells et al.(3737 Wells CL, Forreseter J, Vogel J, Rector R, Herr D. The feasibility and safety in providing early rehabilitation and ambulation for adults on percutaneous venous to arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:A2710.)
|
Functional mobilization, sitting, and ambulation |
Yes (n = 5) |
The intervention caused no complications |
NI |
NI |