The most important trip for who I am: exploring the dimensions of the Eudaimonic Tourist Experience

Medeiros, Sandro Alves de; Gonçalves, Márcio Augusto; Veiga, Ricardo Teixeira; Caraciolo, Giovana Barbosa

doi:10.7784/rbtur.v14i1.1599

Sandro Alves de Medeiros

Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Penedo, Brasil; E-mail: sandroamedeiros@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3927-0334

Márcio Augusto Gonçalves

Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brasil; E-mail: marcioag@face.ufmg.br E-mail: ricardo.necc@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-170X

Ricardo Teixeira Veiga

Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brasil; E-mail: marcioag@face.ufmg.br E-mail: ricardo.necc@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5467-0972

Giovana Barbosa Caraciolo

Ministry of Agriculture, Alagoas, Maceió, Brasil. E-mail: giovana@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-3876

Sandro Alves de Medeiros

Undergraduate in Business Administration at the Center for Higher Studies of Maceió (1995), Marketing Specialist at ESPM (1999), Master of Science in Business Administration at UFAL (2005), PhD in Business Administration at CEPEAD/UFMG (2018), Professor of Tourism at the Federal University of Alagoas since 2006. Contributions: research design, literature review, data collection, data analysis, discussion of results, final revision of the text in Portuguese and English.

Márcio Augusto Gonçalves

Undergraduate in Civil Engineering at EEK / MG (1982), Specialist in Systems Analysis at ICEx / UFMG (1986), Master of Science in Business Administration at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (1993) and PhD in Business Administration at Aston University (2002). Associate Professor at CEPEAD / UFMG. Head coordinator of the Health Cost Observatory Network. Leader of the Health Cost Observatory Nucleus - NOCES. Head Editor of the Journal of Hospital Administration and Health Innovation - RAHIS (ISSN 1983-5205). Head Coordinator of CEPEAD / UFMG 2013/2017. Contributions: research design, data collection, data analysis, discussion of results, final revision of the text in Portuguese and English.

Ricardo Teixeira Veiga

Undergraduate in Computer Science at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (1987), Master of Science in Business Administration at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (1993) and PhD in Business Administration at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (2000). Associate Professor at the Federal University of Minas Gerais and collaborating professor at the Center for Leisure and Recreation Studies / UFMG. Member of the editorial committee of the Revista de Administração FACES and the Journal of Hospital Administration and Innovation in Health (RAHIS). A reviewer of the Journal of Contemporary Management (RAC), Business Administration Review (RAE), Brazilian Administration Review (BAR), Management Research Review, and other indexed international journals. Head Coordinator of the NECC - Statistics and Behavioral Sciences Center. Associate editor of the Brazilian Administration Review (ISSN 1807-7692). Contributions: research design, data analysis, discussion of results, final revision of the text in Portuguese and English.

Giovana Barbosa Caraciolo

Undergraduate in Business Administration at Faculty of Alagoas / Estácio, and undergraduate in Law at the Center for Higher Studies of Maceió. Specialist in Public Law at Escola Paulista de Direito. Planning and Budget Technician of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply since 2010. Contribuições: coleta de dados, discussão dos resultados, revisão final do texto em português e em inglês, formatação do texto para publicação. Contributions: data collection, discussion of results, final revision of the text in Portuguese and English, text formatting for publishing.

Dimension	Definition	Theoretical sources
Meaning and Purpose in life	The sense and meaning attributed to the nature of the being and existence itself (Steger, Frazier, Oisho, & Kaler, 2006Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oisho, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.8... ); Objectives and intentions that give a sense of guidance and contribute to giving meaning to life.	Kirillova, Lehto, & Cai, 2017Kirillova, K., Lehto, X., & Cai, L. (2017). What triggers transformative tourism experiences? Tourism Recreation Research, 42(4), 498-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.1342349 https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.13... , Huta, 2016Huta, V. (2016). Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations: Theoretical considerations and research findings. In VittersØ, J. (Ed.). Handbook of eudaimonic well-being. Switzerland: Springer. 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_15 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-... , Frankl, 2016Frankl, V. E. (2016). Em busca de sentido. 39.Petrópolis: Vozes., Waterman et al., 2010Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Agocha, V. B., Kim, S. Y., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208 https://doi.org/10.1080/1743976090343520... , Seligman, 2011Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Florescer; uma nova compreensão sobre a natureza da felicidade e do bem-estar. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva., Ryff & Singer, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 2003, Steger et al., 2006Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oisho, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.8... , Huta & Ryan, 2010, Ryan & Deci, 2001, Erikson, 1972Erikson, E. H. (1972). Identidade, juventude e crise. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar., Ryff, 1989, Jahoda, 1958Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of mental health. New York: Basic Books. https://doi.org/10.1037/11258-000 https://doi.org/10.1037/11258-000...
Self-Development and Personal Growth	Perception that, over time, the person developed as someone with their own personality and characteristics and evolved as a human being; desire, willingness and disposition to continue developing with the realization of the best potentials and abilities, acquisition of knowledge and skills, and the conviction that one is always in a continuous process of improvement; courage to face and overcome adversities and trials of life from the inner strength.	Huta, 2016Huta, V. (2016). Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations: Theoretical considerations and research findings. In VittersØ, J. (Ed.). Handbook of eudaimonic well-being. Switzerland: Springer. 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_15 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-... , Waterman et al., 2010Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Agocha, V. B., Kim, S. Y., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208 https://doi.org/10.1080/1743976090343520... , Rogers, 2009Rogers, C. (2009). Tornar-se pessoa. 6. ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes., Ryff & Singer, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 1996, Ryff, 1989
Dimension	Definition	Theoretical sources
Self-Awareness and Self-Acceptance	Willingness to know oneself, recognizing the positive and negative characteristics, with impartiality and resignation; Consciousness of the positive and negative aspects of oneself, but with a positive attitude towards them, recognizing one's limitations and orienting oneself towards overcoming characteristics that are changeable and that have not proved effective in facing the challenges of life (Ryff & Keyes, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 1995).	Schlegel, Hicks, & Christy, 2016Schlegel, R. J., Hicks, J. A., & Christy, A. G. (2016). The eudaimonics of the true self. In VittersØ, J. (Ed.). Handbook of eudaimonic well-being. Switzerland: Springer. 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_14 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-... , Matteucci & Filep, 2015Matteucci, X., & Filep, S. (2015). Eudaimonic tourist experiences: The case of flamenco. Leisure Studies, 36, 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2015.1085590 https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2015.10... , Waterman et al., 2010Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Agocha, V. B., Kim, S. Y., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208 https://doi.org/10.1080/1743976090343520... , Rogers, 2009Rogers, C. (2009). Tornar-se pessoa. 6. ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes., Ryff & Singer, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 1996, Kernis & Goldman, 2006Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38... , Waterman, 2007; 2004, 1984
Self-expressiveness	Intense involvement in activities that make full use of the best skills and talents and are the exact translation of who the person is; personally meaningful activities that are accompanied by feelings of self-realization and great experience that give meaning and direction to life.	Waterman et al., 2010Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Agocha, V. B., Kim, S. Y., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208 https://doi.org/10.1080/1743976090343520... , Waterman, 2008, 2004, 1993, 1992, 1990
Belonging	Sense of belonging to a community or group of people with whom the same experience or situation is shared; relationships devoid of status that come from social roles and hierarchy; feeling of equality and “connection”.	Kirillova, Lehto, & Cai, 2017Kirillova, K., Lehto, X., & Cai, L. (2017). What triggers transformative tourism experiences? Tourism Recreation Research, 42(4), 498-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.1342349 https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.13... , Wang, 1999Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00103-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00... , Arnould & Price, 1993Arnould, E. J., & Price, L. L. (1993). River Magic: Extraordinary experience and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 24-45. https://doi.org/10.1086/209331 https://doi.org/10.1086/209331...
Intimacy and Relationship	Having harmonious and trusting relationship with other people; sincerity and openness to people close to you and concern with your well-being and happiness; reciprocity and empathy; give and receive love, affection, tenderness, warmth, and support.	Kirillova, Lehto, & Cai, 2017Kirillova, K., Lehto, X., & Cai, L. (2017). What triggers transformative tourism experiences? Tourism Recreation Research, 42(4), 498-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.1342349 https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.13... , Ryff & Singer, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 2003, 1996, Kernis & Goldman, 2006Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38... , Kottler, 2002Kottler, J. A. (2002). Transformative travel: International counselling in action. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 24(4), 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260... , 1998, Wang, 1999Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00103-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00... , Erikson, 1972Erikson, E. H. (1972). Identidade, juventude e crise. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
Authenticity and Spontaneity	Being who you truly are; to act according to your true self and in accordance with your own values, needs and convictions; present yourself in a way that reflects your own essence and relates honestly and truthfully with other people.	Kirillova, Lehto, & Cai, 2017Kirillova, K., Lehto, X., & Cai, L. (2017). What triggers transformative tourism experiences? Tourism Recreation Research, 42(4), 498-511. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.1342349 https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.13... , Canavan, 2017Canavan, B. (2017). An existentialist exploration of tourism sustainability: Backpackers fleeing and finding themselves. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 551-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1361430 https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.13... , Kirillova, Lehto, & Cai, 2016b, Huta, 2016Huta, V. (2016). Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations: Theoretical considerations and research findings. In VittersØ, J. (Ed.). Handbook of eudaimonic well-being. Switzerland: Springer. 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_15 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-... , Kirillova & Lehto, 2015, Xue, Manuel-Navarrete, & Buzinde, 2014Xue, L., Manuel-Navarrete, D., & Buzinde, C. N. (2014). Theorizing the concept of alienation in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 186-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.10.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.10... , Brown, 2013Brown, L. (2013). Tourism: A catalyst for existential authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 40, 176-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.08.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.08... , Rickly-Boyd, 2012Rickly-Boyd, J. (2012). Lifestyle climbing: Towards existential authenticity. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 17(2), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2012.729898 https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2012.72... , Kim & Jamal, 2007Kim, H., & Jamal, T. (2007). Tourist quest for existential authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 34, 181-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.07.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.07... , Seligman, 2011Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Florescer; uma nova compreensão sobre a natureza da felicidade e do bem-estar. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva., Wood, Linley, Maltby, Baliousis, & Joseph, 2008Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M., & Joseph, S. (2008). The Authentic Personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.3... , Kernis & Goldman, 2006Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38... , Peterson & Seligman, 2004Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press., Wang, 1999Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00103-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00...
Autonomy	Capability to think and act independently, to have ideas and convictions of your own, even if they go against accepted “dogma” or popular wisdom (Hidalgo, Bravo, Martínez, Pretel, Postigo, & Rabadán, 2010Hidalgo, J. L-T., Bravo, B. N., Martínez, I. P., Pretel, F. A., Postigo, J. M. L., & Rabadán, F. E. (2010). Psychological well-being, assessment tools and related factors. In Wells, I. E. (Ed.). Psychological well-being. New York: Nova Science Publishers. 77-113.).	Ryan & Deci, 2017Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory; Basic psychological needs in motivation, development and wellness. New York: The Guilford Press., 2000, Ryan, Deci, Grolnick, & La Guardia, 2006, Ryff & Singer, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 2003, Erikson, 1972Erikson, E. H. (1972). Identidade, juventude e crise. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar., Ryff, 1989, Jahoda, 1958Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of mental health. New York: Basic Books. https://doi.org/10.1037/11258-000 https://doi.org/10.1037/11258-000...
Competence	The feeling that one can accomplish some activity or enterprise.	Ryan & Deci, 2017Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory; Basic psychological needs in motivation, development and wellness. New York: The Guilford Press., Ryan et al., 2006, Peterson & Seligman, 2004Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press., Erikson, 1972Erikson, E. H. (1972). Identidade, juventude e crise. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
Excellence	Extra effort to achieve high standards of performance, behavior, and ethics.	Huta, 2016Huta, V. (2016). Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations: Theoretical considerations and research findings. In VittersØ, J. (Ed.). Handbook of eudaimonic well-being. Switzerland: Springer. 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_15 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-... , Huta & Ryan, 2010, Waterman et al., 2010Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Agocha, V. B., Kim, S. Y., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). The Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208 https://doi.org/10.1080/1743976090343520... , Peterson & Seligman, 2004Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
Empathy	Capability to put yourself in someone else's shoes, trying to understand their perspective of the situation.	Bestrom, 2009Bestrom, E. (2009). Moving beyond borders: the creation of nomadic space through travel. Intersections, 10(1), 199-217., Ryff & Singer, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 2003, 1996, Kottler, 2002Kottler, J. A. (2002). Transformative travel: International counselling in action. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 24(4), 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260... , 1998, Ryff, 1989
Dimension	Definition	Theoretical sources
Tolerance	Capability to accept differences; to live with people who have ideas, beliefs, ways of life and values that are different from those of person.	Bestrom, 2009Bestrom, E. (2009). Moving beyond borders: the creation of nomadic space through travel. Intersections, 10(1), 199-217., Kottler, 2002Kottler, J. A. (2002). Transformative travel: International counselling in action. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 24(4), 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260... , 1998
Broadened perspective	A developed sense of perception that considers different points of view and understandings about the same phenomenon, providing a more lucid understanding about the facts of life.	Bestrom, 2009Bestrom, E. (2009). Moving beyond borders: the creation of nomadic space through travel. Intersections, 10(1), 199-217., Peterson & Seligman, 2004Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press., Roberson, 1999, Kottler, 2002Kottler, J. A. (2002). Transformative travel: International counselling in action. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 24(4), 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023364628260... , 1998, Maslow, 1959Maslow, A. (1959). Cognition of being in the peak experiences. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 94, 43-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1959.10532434 https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1959.10...
Benevolence	Capability to offer help, care, and generosity in a spontaneous and disinterested way; to have compassion and selfless love.	Ryan & Martela, 2016Ryan, R. M., & Martela, F. (2016). Eudaimonia as a way of living: Connecting Aristotle with Self-Determination Theory. In VittersØ, J. (Ed.). Handbook of eudaimonic well-being. Switzerland: Springer. 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-... , Seligman, 2011Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Florescer; uma nova compreensão sobre a natureza da felicidade e do bem-estar. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva., Peterson & Seligman, 2004Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
Opening to the new	Willingness to new experiences; open minded to new ideas, ways of life and possibilities.	Seligman, 2011Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Florescer; uma nova compreensão sobre a natureza da felicidade e do bem-estar. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva., Rogers, 2009Rogers, C. (2009). Tornar-se pessoa. 6. ed. São Paulo: Martins Fontes., Ryff & Singer, 2008Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-... , 1996, Peterson e Seligman, 2004Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press.

Factor	Items	Factor loading	h²	% explained variance	Mean	Std. deviation	α
Alterity and Benevolence	ED_054_I learned to put myself in the other person's shoes before acting or making any kind of judgment in a specific situation.	0.835	0.729	39.092	7.554	2.401	0.932
	ED_092_I became more interested and sensitive toward other people's problems.	0.761	0.651		7.264	2.490
	ED_036_I realized that one should not judge the other by their general characteristics.	0.722	0.570		8.053	2.428
	ED_055_I learned that people should not be judged based on the ideas that we had before we actually knew them.	0.814	0.694		7.814	2.404
Factor	Items	Factor loading	h²	% explained variance	Mean	Std. deviation	α
Intimacy and Belonging	ED_056_I realized that the reality that I believed I knew was just one of several versions of the facts.	0.683	0.515	7.896	7.594	2.393	0.920
	ED_075_I realized that the reality is very different from the one we usually know when we experience it closely.	0.658	0.588		8.015	2.139
	ED_094_I understood that there is always another version for the facts and that you should try to know all possible versions so that you have an idea of that is closer to the truth.	0.654	0.581		7.820	2.268
	ED_038_I developed the need to help whoever I see that needs help.	0.783	0.634		7.354	2.489
	ED_057_I started not to omit myself from the needs and difficulties of people.	0.763	0.627		6.927	2.556
	ED_076_I have started to worry more about the conditions in which people live and try to explore a way to help them as best as I can.	0.826	0.717		7.331	2.436
	ED_065_I felt deeply connected to a group of people.	0.708	0.606		7.068	2.692
	ED_066_ I felt a sense of mutual trust with the people with whom I shared those moments, having no need to gain or take advantage of them, and we were totally detached from our roles and functions from our normal lives.	0.809	0.681		7.450	2.559
	ED_048_There was a friendly atmosphere in which I felt comfortable with.	0.708	0.626		7.288	2.633
	ED_049_There was solidarity and harmony among the people with whom I was connecting.	0.717	0.602		7.594	2.406
	ED_067_I became more intimate with those who accompanied me.	0.831	0.705		7.636	2.501
	ED_068_I used to try to make the group feel as good as I felt.	0.812	0.667		7.565	2.442
	ED_085_I got closer to the people that are important to me.	0.728	0.596		7.775	2.385
	ED_086_The people seemed to care about me.	0.818	0.681		7.508	2.410
Factor	Items	Factor loading	h²	% explained variance	Mean	Std. deviation	α
Personal Significance	ED_087_The hours I spent with other people were pleasant and without gain or advantage intentions.	0.782	0.640	5.893	7.792	2.315	0.893
	ED_002_The ideas I have about the purpose of my life have been strengthened.	0.753	0.617		6.966	2.538
	ED_021_I figured out a meaning for my existence.	0.795	0.686		6.029	2.933
	ED_022_I was certain of what goals I should accomplish in life.	0.795	0.643		6.970	2.592
	ED_078_I was able to set clear goals and purpose for my life.	0.686	0.565		6.963	2.534
	ED_025_I found out more about who I am.	0.733	0.615		7.079	2.491
	ED_044_I have solved many of my inner issues.	0.690	0.547		5.966	2.720
	ED_007_I engaged in activities that made me feel who I really am.	0.700	0.550		6.882	2.786
	ED_027_I engaged in activities that gave me a certainty of what I should do in my life.	0.720	0.537		6.335	2.886
Opening to the new	ED_020_I learned to appreciate different and even exotic ways of life.	0.680	0.540	3.934	7.209	2.698	0.797
	ED_058_I started to enjoy exploring the unknown.	0.681	0.517		7.527	2.575
	ED_095_The willing to explore new things and places was awakened in me.	0.846	0.742		7.950	2.299
	ED_096_I learned to try new possibilities.	0.847	0.735		8.065	2.195
Autonomy	ED_031_I could express my ideas and worldview without worrying about what people might think about me.	-0.784	0.667	3.311	6.553	2.785	0.847
	ED_032_I felt fully refreshed, both physically and mentally.	-0.612	0.596		7.437	2.613
	ED_050_I did not have to pretend or lie about what I thought or felt regarding something, just to please other people.	-0.628	0.481		7.443	2.776
	ED_013_I felt free to express my ideas and opinions.	-0.704	0.569		7.052	2.633
	ED_033_I was feeling safe to be and act the way I am, without worrying about what people might think of me.	-0.792	0.676		7.154	2.609
Factor	Items	Factor loading	h²	% explained variance	Mean	Std. deviation	α
Maturation	ED_052_I strengthened what I thought and believed, without gaining the approval of others.	-0.618	0.546	2.510	7.246	2.634	0.833
	ED_042_I understood that for any human being, regardless of age, the act of living is a process of learning and maturing.	-0.711	0.649		8.673	2.026
	ED_061_I have learned that people are continually developing.	-0.674	0.672		8.193	2.082
	ED_062_I realized that we need to learn from the lessons life throws at us and that facing difficulties makes us stronger human beings.	-0.757	0.759		8.321	2.069

[1] Sandro Alves de Medeiros

Undergraduate in Business Administration at the Center for Higher Studies of Maceió (1995), Marketing Specialist at ESPM (1999), Master of Science in Business Administration at UFAL (2005), PhD in Business Administration at CEPEAD/UFMG (2018), Professor of Tourism at the Federal University of Alagoas since 2006. Contributions: research design, literature review, data collection, data analysis, discussion of results, final revision of the text in Portuguese and English.

Gender			Male			Female
Gender			53.6%			46.4%
Marital status		Single	Married	Separated / Divorced	Stable union	Widowed
Marital status		61.6%	25.7%	6.7%	5.1%	0.9%
Formal education		Primary	Secondary	Superior	Spec/MBA	MSc	PhD
Formal education		0.9%	48.4%	24.9%	11.1%	11.0%	3.7%
Age	Mean	Median	Mode	Std. deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis	Min.	Max.
Age	29.22	26	19	11.153	1.368	1.534	18	74

Brasil

Brasil

The most important trip for who I am: exploring the dimensions of the Eudaimonic Tourist Experience

El viaje que más contribuyó a quien yo soy: explorando las dimensiones de la Experiencia Turística Eudaimónica

Abstract