Análisis y perspectivas del turismo en Brasil

Rabahy, Wilson Abrahão

doi:10.7784/rbtur.v14i1.1903

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Papers • Rev. Bras. Pesq. Tur. 14 (01) • Jan-Apr 2020 • https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v14i1.1903 copiar

Análisis y perspectivas del turismo en Brasil

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Este artículo resume la actividad turística en Brasil, presentando y analizando estadísticas desde una perspectiva económica. Con este fin, se recopilan datos de las principales fuentes oficiales disponibles, así como información sobre turismo producida por el Instituto Fundação de Pesquisas Econômicas (FIPE). Inicialmente, se presentan análisis sobre el mercado turístico mundial. A continuación, se discute la realidad del turismo internacional receptivo de Brasil, incluidas las relaciones entre ingresos, precios, tipo de cambio y turismo. Se destacan tres análisis sobre el turismo en Brasil: la importancia del turismo interno, las oportunidades existentes en el turismo receptivo internacional y los impactos del turismo en la distribución regional del ingreso. Finalmente, el texto presenta algunas recomendaciones para el turismo en Brasil.

Palavras clave:
Economía del turismo; Turismo en Brasil; Turismo receptivo internacional; Turismo interno; Demanda turística; Balanza de pagos turísticos

Main source countries	Expenditure (2018)		Main destination countries	Receipts (2018)
Main source countries	(USD billion)	(%)		(USD billion)	(%)
China (*)	277.3	19.2	United States (*)	214.5	14.8
United States (*)	144.2	10.0	Spain	73.8	5.1
Germany (*)	94.2	6.5	France (*)	67.4	4.7
United Kingdom (*)	75.8	5.2	Thailand	63	4.4
France (*)	47.9	3.3	United Kingdom (*)	51.9	3.6
Australia (*)	36.8	2.5	Italy (*)	49.3	3.4
Russia	34.5	2.4	Australia (*)	45	3.1
Canada	33.3	2.3	Germany (*)	43	3.0
Korea	32	2.2	Japan	41.1	2.8
Italy (*)	30.1	2.1	China (*)	40.4	2.8
Subtotal	806.1	55.7	Subtotal	689.4	47.6
Other countries	641.9	44.3	Other countries	758.6	52.4
TOTAL	1,448.0	100.0	TOTAL	1,448.0	100.0

Source countries	Expenditure (USD Million)		Brazil's market share (%)
Source countries	Total	in Brazil
China	277,300.00	110.00	0.04
United States	144,200.00	625.00	0.43
Germany	94,200.00	211.00	0.22
United Kingdom	75,800.00	175.00	0.23
France	47,900.00	262.00	0.55
Australia	36,800.00	58.00	0.16
Russia	34,500.00	23.00	0.07
Canada	33,300.00	72.00	0.22
Korea	32,000.00	25.00	0.08
Italy	30,100.00	254.00	0.84
Subtotal	806,100.00	1,818.00	0.23
Other countries	641,900.00	4,099.20	0.64
TOTAL	1,448,000.00	5,917.20	0.41

Country of residence	2005	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Argentina	992,299	1,399,592	1,593,775	1,671,604	1,711,491	1,743,930	2,079,823	2,294,900	2,622,327	2,498,483
United States	793,559	641,377	594,947	586,463	592,827	656,801	575,796	570,350	475,232	538,532
Chile	169,953	200,724	217,200	250,586	268,203	336,950	306,331	311,813	342,143	387,470
Paraguay	249,030	194,340	192,730	246,401	268,932	293,841	301,831	316,714	336,646	356,897
Uruguay	341,647	228,545	261,204	253,864	262,512	223,508	267,321	284,113	328,098	348,336
France	263,829	199,719	207,890	218,626	224,078	282,375	261,075	263,774	254,153	238,345
Germany	308,598	226,630	241,739	258,437	236,505	265,498	224,549	221,513	203,045	209,039
Italy	303,878	245,491	229,484	230,114	233,243	228,734	202,015	181,493	171,654	175,763
United Kingdom	169,514	167,355	149,564	155,548	169,732	217,003	189,269	202,671	185,858	154,586
Spain	172,979	179,340	190,392	180,406	169,751	166,759	151,029	147,846	137,202	147,159
Portugal	357,640	189,065	183,728	168,649	168,250	170,066	162,305	149,968	144,095	145,816
Colombia	47,230	85,567	91,345	100,324	116,461	158,886	118,866	135,192	140,363	131,596
Bolivia	68,670	99,359	85,429	112,639	95,028	95,300	108,149	138,106	126,781	126,253
Peru	60,251	81,020	86,795	91,996	98,602	117,230	113,078	114,276	115,320	121,326
Mexico	73,118	67,616	64,451	61,658	76,738	109,637	90,361	94,609	81,778	79,891
Other countries	985,975	955,639	1,042,681	1,089,528	1,120,989	1,363,334	1,154,040	1,119,358	924,075	961,884
TOTAL	5,358,170	5,161,379	5,433,354	5,676,843	5,813,342	6,429,852	6,305,838	6,546,696	6,588,770	6,621,376

	Exchange rate BRL/USD	International Travel Account (USD million)
Year	Exchange rate BRL/USD	Receipts	Expenditure	Balance
1995	0.93	971.60	3,391.30	-2,419.70
1996	1.00	839.82	4,438.27	-3,598.45
1997	1.09	1,068.96	5,445.81	-4,376.86
1998	1.19	1,585.65	5,731.71	-4,146.06
1999	1.85	1,628.18	3,085.29	-1,457.11
2000	1.88	1,809.85	3,894.06	-2,084.21
2001	2.40	1,730.59	3,198.62	-1,468.03
2002	2.98	1,997.97	2,395.80	-397.84
2003	3.12	2,478.67	2,261.09	217.58
2004	2.99	3,222.05	2,871.28	350.78
2005	2.52	3,861.44	4,719.86	-858.42
2006	2.26	4,315.89	5,763.72	-1,447.84
2007	2.04	4,952.97	8,211.18	-3,258.22
2008	1.93	5,785.03	10,962.36	-5,177.33
2009	2.09	5,304.56	10,898.16	-5,593.60
2010	1.87	5,261.03	15,965.38	-10,704.35
2011	1.79	6,094.69	20,801.82	-14,707.13
2012	2.09	6,378.06	22,038.72	-15,660.66
2013	2.29	6,473.99	25,028.31	-18,554.33
2014	2.50	6,842.63	25,566.80	-18,724.17
2015	3.53	5,843.95	17,356.83	-11,512.87
2016	3.70	6,023.80	14,496.91	-8,473.11
2017	3.32	5,809.21	19,001.63	-13,192.42
2018	3.82	5,920.64	18,265.50	-12,344.87

Year	Exchange rate BRL/USD	Average per capita expenditure abroad	expenditure index (2005=100)	Annual expenditure variation (%)
2005	2.52	1,139.19	100.0	-
2006	2.26	1,158.89	101.7	1.7
2007	2.04	1,601.85	140.6	38.2
2008	1.93	1,454.75	127.7	-9.2
2009	2.09	1,361.96	119.6	-6.4
2010	1.87	1,515.56	133.0	11.3
2011	1.79	1,638.90	143.9	8.1
2012	2.09	1,677.16	147.2	2.3
2013	2.29	1,611.11	141.4	-3.9
2014	2.50	1,646.53	144.5	2.2
2015	3.53	1,375.22	120.7	-16.5
2016	3.70	1,281.00	112.4	-6.9
2017	3.32	1,402.51	123.1	9.5
2018	3.82	1,294.58	113.6	-7.7

Expenditure items	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Accommodation	25.3	29.8	25.4	22.4	21.6	22.1	24.4	23.8	23.8	25.5	28.9	27.0	27.7
Food and drinks	26.3	26.0	24.8	24.2	24.9	23.4	24.3	23.6	23.9	26.0	26.5	27.0	27.1
Transport	10.5	10.0	15.5	15.4	14.5	13.5	9.6	10.0	9.7	8.9	10.0	10.1	10.4
Shopping	17.6	16.7	23.9	27.7	28.2	30.5	30.7	29.8	28.6	26.8	22.3	23.2	21.4
Attractions	17.7	16.2	9.3	9.1	9.4	9.2	10.0	11.4	10.3	10.8	9.6	10.5	10.0
Other expenditures	2.7	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.3	3.8	2.0	2.7	2.2	3.2
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

	Year of reference	Tourism receipts (USD billion)		Ratio D/I
Country	Year of reference	International (I)	Domestic (D)
United States	2006	84	593.7	7.1
France	2005	54	126.6	2.3
Spain	2004	49.3	48.7	1.0
Austria	2005	17.9	17	0.9
Mexico	2006	15.3	96.2	6.3
Japan	2007	12.6	181	14.4
Australia	2003	11.5	32.4	2.8
Canada	2002	11.5	24.5	2.1
Switzerland	2005	9.6	14.8	1.5
Holland	2007	9.3	39.1	4.2
China	2002	1.1	10.4	9.5
Chile	2003	1.1	3.8	3.5
Brazil	1999	3.9	38.8	9.9

	Destination
	Center West	Northeast	North	Southeast	South	Total
Middle West	4.05	3.88	0.66	3.41	1.44	13.43
Northeast	0.89	12.22	0.51	3.66	0.79	18.06
North	1.09	1.64	2.96	1.25	0.38	7.32
Southeast	3.59	10.88	0.75	23.49	5.08	43.80
South	0.73	2.20	0.12	3.16	11.18	17.39
Total	10.35	30.82	5.00	34.97	18.86	100.00

	Center West	Northeast	North	Southeast	South	Brazil
Direct Impact of Tourism	12,455	39,913	6,578	46,145	25,245	130,337
GDP (2011)	400,153	583,413	241,028	2,455,542	696,247	4,376,382
Tourism/GDP (%)	3.11	6.84	2.73	1.88	3.63	2.98

Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Turismo Rua Silveira Martins, 115 - cj. 71, Centro, Cep: 01019-000, Tel: 11 3105-5370 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: edrbtur@gmail.com

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[1] Written by guest author.